• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.257-260
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• 2003

A total of 135 F2 finishing pigs (65 barrows and 69 gilts) from resource population (Large White${\times}$Meishan) were slaughtered at about 87.8 kg BW. Contents of inosine acid (IMP) and carnine (HR) in muscle were assayed by HLPC and genetic parameters for IMP content and HR content were estimated using full sibs model. There was significant sex effect on IMP content(p<0.05), $3.561{\pm}0.077mg/g$ for gilt and $3.287{\pm}0.085mg/g$ for barrow. Heritability estimates for IMP and HR content were 0.127 and 0.357, respectively. The phenotypic correlation between IMP content and HR was 0.335, pH (A) 0.024, water lose rate (WLR) -0.069, intramuscular fat (IMF) -0.214, average marbling score (MARB) -0.143, average backfat measurements (AVBF) -0.084 and average color value (CV) -0.156, respectively. The result indicated that inosine acid content in meat might be retained or slightly improved by reducing backfat depth in pig breeding.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2020

본 연구는 생산비 절감을 위하여 양돈사료 내 당밀 대체 Condensed molasses soluble (CMS)를 육성비육돈 사료 내에 첨가 급여하였을 때, 생산성 및 육질에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시동물은 평균 체중 27.3±1.78 kg의 교잡종(LY×D) 육성돈 160두를 공시하여, 4개 처리구에 완전임의배치로 공시하였다. 시험사료는 시판 육성비육돈사료 급여구(무첨가구)와 시판사료에 각각 당밀 3 % 첨가구(MOL 3.0), CMS 1.5 % 첨가구(CMS 1.5), CMS 3 % 첨가구(CMS 3.0)로 설계하였다. 각 처리구별 시험사료와 물은 70일 동안 자유채식을 실시하였다. 생산성을 분석한 결과, 당밀과 CMS첨가구에서 대조구 대비 사료섭취량이 유의하게 높은 것이 관찰되었으며, CMS 3 % 첨가에 의해 대조구 대비 종료체중과 일당증체량이 유의하게 개선되는 효과를 확인하였다(p<0.05). 사료요구율은 당밀 및 CMS 첨가 그룹에서 대조구와의 통계적 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 사양시험 종료 후 등심부위의 육질을 평가한 결과에서 보수력, 가열감량, pH 모두 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는, 육성비육돈 사료 내 CMS 3%의 첨가급여는 육질의 저하 없이 생산성 개선 효과를 가지며, 양돈 사료 내 당밀 대체제로써 CMS의 활용 가능성을 시사한다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.1242-1253
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• 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a diet low in lysine content as a means for increasing the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and pork muscle quality of finishing pigs. Thirty-two crossbred gilts and barrows weighing approximately 80 kg were fed either a low-lysine diet (0.60%; Low-lys) or a control diet (0.80% lysine; Med-lys) under a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The animals were slaughtered at a 132-kg body weight (BW) on average, followed by physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluation on Longissimus lumborum (LL) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles. The average daily gain (ADG) did not differ between the Med-lys and Low-lys groups. However, ADG exhibited a tendency of sex × diet interaction (p = 0.09), being greater for barrows vs. gilts on the Low-lys diet (p < 0.05), but not on the Med-lys diet. Backfat thickness adjusted for 132-kg BW also exhibited the interaction; it was greater for the Low-lys vs. Med-lys group within gilts but tended to be less for the former in barrows (p = 0.08). The IMF content was not influenced by the diet or sex in either LL or ST. The a^*, b^*, and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force values and fatty acid composition were influenced by the sex or diet in either or both of the muscles, but the treatment effects did not apparently influence the meat quality. Sensory scores for the flavor, juiciness, tenderness, umami, and palatability of cooked muscle were not influenced by the diet in either LL or ST. When the LL and ST data were pooled, scores for those sensory attributes were positively correlated with the IMF content, which was associated with overall greater IMF contents and greater sensory scores for ST vs. LL. Collectively, the Low-lysine diet seemingly elicited the intended lysine deficiency in gilts as indicated by the increased BFT due to the diet. However, the Low-lys diet was not effective for increasing the IMF deposition or eating quality of the pork muscle of finishing pigs slaughtered at high BW probably because its lysine content was not low enough to elicit either outcome.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2006

감귤피를 급여하지 않은 교잡종 돼지고기(대조구, $T_0$), 육성기와 비육기에 각각 3% 및 5% 급여한 돼지고기($T_1$), 그리고 6% 및 10%를 급여한 돼지고기($T_2$)등 3 종류를 각각 단백질로 환산하여 12% 되도록 흰쥐 식이에 첨가하였다. 이식이를 생후 17주령의 흰쥐에 4주간 급여하여 영양대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대조구($T_0$)와 감귤피 급여구($T_1$과 $T_2$)의 사이에 흰쥐의 증체량, 식이섭취량, 식이효율, 장기(간, 신장, 비장, 부고환 지방)무게는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청의 지질(총지질, 인지질, 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤), 동맥경화지수, 혈당, 혈색소 함량 및 효소(${\gamma}-GTP$, ALT, AST, ALP) 활성은 모두 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 흰쥐의 간에서 얻은 총지질 함량은 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 중성지질과 콜레스테롤 함량이 대조구보다 감귤피 급여구가 낮은 값을 보여(p<0.05), 감귤피 첨가 사료로 사육한 교잡종 돼지고기가 흰쥐 간의 중성 지질 및 콜레스테롤을 감소시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2019

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the plane of nutrition (PN) for growing-finishing pigs on growth performance and meat quality in summer. One hundred and two barrows and 102 gilts weighing approximately 44 kg were placed on a high-, medium-, or low-plane grower diet (HPG, MPG, or LPG) with ME and lysine concentrations ranging from 3.33 to 3.40 Mcal/kg and 0.93% to 1.15%, respectively, for 29 days in 6 replicates (pens) in total. Pigs from each grower pen were divided into two finisher pens and provided with a high-plane finisher diet (HPF) containing 3.40 Mcal ME and 9.5 g lysine/kg and a low-plane finisher diet (LPF; 3.25 Mcal ME and 8 g lysine/kg), respectively, up to approximately 110 kg, and slaughtered. Growth performance of the pigs, including average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain:feed ratio, was not influenced by the grower-phase PN during any of the grower phase, a 31-d finisher phase I, and ensuing phase II. However, both the ADG and gain:feed ratio were greater (p < 0.05) for the HPF group than for the LPF group during the finisher phase I (748 vs. 653 g with SEM = 13 g and 0.333 vs. 0.299 with SEM = 0.008, respectively). The ADG, but not gain:feed ratio, was greater for the HPF group vs. LPF during the finisher phase II (673 vs. 623 g with SEM = 15 g for ADG and 0.322 vs. 0.323 with SEM = 0.005 for the gain:feed ratio). The carcass backfat thickness (BFT) was greater for the LPF group vs. HPF within the pigs which had been placed on LPG during the grower phase, but not within the pigs from the HPG or MPG group. Physicochemical characteristics of the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and sensory quality attributes of fresh and cooked LM were not influenced by either the grower-phase or finisher-phase PN. In conclusion, high PN is necessary for finishing pigs during the hot season to minimize the reduced rate of weight gain and also to prevent the increase of BFT that could result from low PN.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2011

본 연구는 페퍼민트 급여가 재래흑돼지의 육질특성과 근육내 지방산 조성 및 콜레스테롤 함량에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하기 위해 실시하였다. 이를 위해 페퍼민트 분말을 평균체중이 $77{\pm}5$ kg일 때부터 출하까지 0.2%(T1) 또는 0.4%(T2)를 50일간 급여하였으며, 도축 후 등심근을 채취하여 다양한 품질특성을 분석하였다. 일반성분은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, T2처리구에서 조지방 함량이 대조구보다 감소하는 경향이었다. 사후 45분 pH는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었지만, 24시 pH에서 대조구보다 유의적으로 T2처리구가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 육색에 있어서 명도와 황색도는 T2가 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 연도와 보수력 역시 처리구간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 페퍼민트 첨가는 지방산 조성과 콜레스테롤 함량에 영향을 미치지 못하였으나, T1은 대조구보다 포화지방산이 감소하고 불포화지방산이 증가하는 경향이었다. 또한 콜레스테롤 감소지수는 T1이 대조구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하면 페퍼민트 첨가 사료는 돈육질에 큰 영향을 미치지는 않지만, 지방산 및 콜레스테롤의 건강기능적인 측면에서 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되며, 보다 심도 있는 추가 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1477-1486
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of lycopene supplementation on the carcass traits, meat quality, concentration of lipid oxidation products and antioxidant potential in the meat and liver of finishing barrows and gilts. Methods: A total of 40 barrows and 40 gilts were allotted in a completely randomized block design, arranged in a 2×5 factorial scheme, consisting of two sexes (barrows and gilts) and five dietary levels of lycopene (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0 mg/kg). In addition, four storage times (0, 24, 48, and 72 h), at 4℃, were added to the model to evaluate the longissimus lumborum muscle. Results: An interaction (p = 0.010) was observed between storage periods and dietary lycopene levels. The unfolding of the interaction (lycopene×period) showed a decreasing concentration of malondialdehyde concentration as the dietary lycopene increased, at all storage periods. No interactions (p>0.050) were observed for the 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in the pork. However, the percentage of DPPH radical inhibition reduced (p = 0.001) up to 72 h. Additionally, there was a linear increase (p = 0.001) in the capture of DPPH radicals by antioxidants, as the dietary lycopene increased. No interactions were observed (p>0.05) between the evaluated factors in liver. However, lipid oxidation was reduced by supplementing lycopene in pig diets. The capture of the DPPH radical, resulted increase in the antioxidant power exerted by lycopene in the liver (p = 0.001). The concentrations of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and DPPH in the liver were affected by sex (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of lycopene reduced the water loss during thawing and was effective in protecting against oxidation of the longissimus lumborum muscle and liver until 72 hours of storage, and the best results were obtained by supplementing with 50.0 mg of lycopene/kg of diet.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2011

본 연구는 돼지의 육성기 또는 비육기에 Bio 이온수 급여에 따른 성장, 혈액분석 및 육질 특성 평가를 위하여 실시하였다. 시험구는 Bio 이온수 무 급여구 (대조구), 육성기 급여구 및 비육기 급여구로 3시험구를 두었으며, 각 시험구 당 33두의 3원교잡종 $(Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc)$ 돼지를 배치하였으며, 총 99두를 이용하여 사양시험을 수행하였다. Bio 이온수 급여는 육성돈과 비육돈의 성장과 사료효율에 영향을 미치지 않았지만 (P>0.05), 비육기 급여구에서 일당증체량과 A등급 출현율이 높게 나타났다. 대조구에 비해 Bio 이온수를 급여한 처리구에서 혈액성상 분석 결과 적혈구와 백혈구의 수치가 증가하였다 (p<0.05). 일반성분, 육색, pH, 육즙감량, 가열감량 및 전단력에서 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 지방산 분석 결과 육성기 급여구에서 포화지방산/불포화지방산 비율이 낮게 나타났고, 불포화지방산의 함량 비율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 가열육 관능검사에서 향과 전체적인 기호도에서 높은 점수를 획득하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.712-720
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich microalgae, Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA) on pig performance, carcass traits, and the fatty acid composition of pork Longissimus lumborum (LL) and backfat. Methods: A total of 144 Pig Improvement Company (PIC)${\times}$Goland finishing pigs (72 females and 72 castrated males) of mean weight 117.1 (${\pm}13.1$) kg were blocked by sex and body weight and provided with 0% or 1% AURA in isonutritive and isocaloric diets. A total of 24 pens provided 12 replicates per treatment. Animals were weighed on day 0 and 28 with feed and water intake recorded per pen. After 31 days supplementation (28 days of study and 3 days until the slaughtering date) three animals per pen (n = 72) were slaughtered and the LL and backfat thickness, lean meat content and dressing percentage were recorded for the carcasses. The fatty acid (FA) profile of the LL and backfat was established by direct FA methyl ester synthesis. Results: No differences were observed for any performance parameters or carcass traits. Supplementation with AURA resulted in significant changes to the FA profiles of both the LL and backfat with male and female pigs responding differently to supplementation in terms of particular FAs. Overall, pork LL samples had significantly higher eicosapentaenoic acid (p<0.001) and DHA concentrations (p<0.001), and higher omega-3 (n-3) FAs (p<0.001), as well as an increased omega3:omega6 (n-3:n-6) ratio (p = 0.001). For backfat, supplementation resulted in significantly higher amounts of DHA (p<0.001) and n-3 FAs (p<0.001). Conclusion: These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 1% AURA over a 31 day period can increase the FA composition of pork LL and backfat, specifically the DHA, with no major impact on growth performance and carcass traits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.640-650
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• 2020

Objective: Although the slaughter of cull sows (CS) for human consumption and meat products processing appears quite common throughout the world, relatively limited scientific information regarding the meat quality parameters of this pork type is available. The present study aimed at providing the technological quality characteristics and eating quality of CS meat, and comparing with those of commercial pork. Methods: Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle samples of CS and finisher pigs (FP) at 24 h postmortem were collected and used for investigation of the meat quality traits (pH, color, shear force, cooking loss, water holding capacity), fatty acids, flavor compounds and sensory characteristics. Results: The CS meat had significantly higher moisture content (p = 0.0312) and water holding capacity (p = 0.0213) together with lower cooking loss (p = 0.0366) compared to the FP meat. The CS meat also exhibited higher (p = 0.0409) contents of unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, p = 0.0213) and more desirable PUFA/total saturated fatty acids ratio (p = 0.0438) compared to the FP meat. A total of 56 flavor compounds were identified, amongst the amount of 16 compounds differed significantly between the two pork groups. Most of the PUFA-derived flavor compounds (e.g., hexanal, benzaldehyde, and hydrocarbons) showed higher amounts in the CS meat. While, 3-(methylthio)-propanal and 4-methylthiazole associated with pleasant aromas (meaty and roast odor notes) were only found in the FP meat. Furthermore, no differences were reported by panelists for flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and acceptability scores between the two pork groups studied. Conclusion: The sow meat exhibited better technological quality and its eating quality could be comparable to the commercial pork. This study provides meat processors and traders with valuably scientific information which may help to improve the utilization and consumption level of sow meat.