• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.575-582
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• 2018

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Acidovorax citrulli is a devastating disease found in many cucurbits cultivation fields. The genetic diversity for 29 strains of A. citrulli collected from various cucurbits in South Korea was determined by DNA fingerprinting with a pathogenicity test, multi locus analysis, Rep-PCR (repetitive sequence polymerase chain reaction), and URP (universal rice primers) PCR bands. Two distinct groups (Korean Clonal Complex, KCC1 and KCC2) in the population were identified based on group specific genetic variation in the multi locus phylogeny using six conserved loci and showed a very high similarity with DNA sequences for representative foreign groups [the group I (CC1-1 type) and the group II (CC2-5 type)] widely distributed worldwide, respectively. Additionally, in the case of phaC, a new genotype was found within each Korean group. The KCC1 was more heterogeneous compared to the KCC2. The KCC1 recovered mainly from melons and watermelons (ratio of 6 : 3) and 15 of the 20 KCC2 strains recovered from watermelons were dominant in the pathogen population. Accordingly, this study found that two distinct groups of differentiated A. citrulli exist in South Korea, genetically very similar to representative foreign groups, with a new genotype in each group resulting in their genetic diversity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.281-294
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• 2018

Molecular analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region sequences revealed that the strains used in this study, which were formerly identified as Panellus serotinus, are Panellus edullis. After Universal Fungal PCR Fingerprinting (UFPF) analysis, eight strains of P. edulis were divided into two groups. We conducted fundamental research on mycelial growth and sawdust cultivation to understand the cultural characteristics of eight wild P. edulis strains collected from Korean forests. All strains showed faster and denser mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) than on other media (malt extract agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar). Optimal conditions for mycelial growth were: $20^{\circ}C$ on PDA, $25^{\circ}C$ on potato dextrose broth (PDB), and pH 5~8 on PDB at $25^{\circ}C$. Two strains (NIFoS 2407, 3993) were selected as excellent strains based on mycelial growth and density on PDA. NIFoS 2792 showed high cellulase activities on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar, and NIFoS 2387 and 2804 exhibited high laccase activities on ABTS-containing agar media. The mycelial growth of P. edulis was the fastest on Quercus acutissima and Q. mongolica sawdust media, and mycelial density was the highest on Quercus spp. sawdust-containing media. Sawdust cultivation of P. edulis was successful. The conditions were 80~85 days of cultivation period after spawn inoculation, 10~11 days for primordial formation at $17{\sim}18^{\circ}C$, and 15~20 days for fruiting growth. NIFoS 2804 and 3993 were selected as good strains in terms of cultivation period and mushroom production. These results could be useful for the artificial cultivation of P. edulis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2005-2017
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• 2007

Diabetic nephropathy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population and is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Despite current therapeutics including intensified glycemic control and blood pressure lowering agents, renal disease continues to progress relentlessly in diabetic patients, albeit at a lower rate. Since synthetic drugs for diabetes are known to have side effects, fungal mushrooms as a natural product come into preventing the development of diabetes. Our previous report showed the hypoglycemic effect of extracellular fungal polysaccharides (EPS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression patterns of rat kidney proteins from normal, STZ-induced diabetic, and EPS-treated diabetic rats, to discover diabetes-associated proteins in rat kidney. The results of proteomic analysis revealed that up to 500 protein spots were visualized, of which 291 spots were differentially expressed in the three experimental groups. Eventually, 51 spots were statistically significant and were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Among the differentially expressed renal proteins, 10 were increased and 16 were decreased significantly in diabetic rat kidney. The levels of different proteins, altered after diabetes induction, were returned to approximately those of the healthy rats by EPS treatment. A histopathological examination showed that EPS administration restored the impaired kidney to almost normal architecture. The study of protein expression in the normal and diabetic kidney tissues enabled us to find several diabetic nephropathy-specific proteins, such as phospholipids scramblase 3 and tropomyosin 3, which have not been mentioned yet in connection with diabetes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2015

Maize is the dominant cereal crop produced in the US. One of the main fungal pathogens of maize is Fusarium verticillioides, the causative agent of ear and stalk rots. Significantly, the fungus produces a group of mycotoxins - fumonisins - on infested kernels, which have been linked to various illnesses in humans and animals. Nonetheless, durable resistance against F. verticillioides in maize is not currently available. In Texas, over 2.1 million acres of maize are vulnerable to fumonisin contamination, but understanding of the distribution of toxigenic F. verticillioides in maize-producing areas is currently lacking. Our goal was to investigate the genetic variability of F. verticillioides in Texas with an emphasis on fumonisin trait and geographical distribution. A total of 164 F. verticillioides cultures were isolated from 65 maize-producing counties. DNA from each isolate was extracted and analyzed by PCR for the presence of FUM1- a key fumonisin biosynthesis gene - and mating type genes. Results showed that all isolates are in fact F. verticillioides capable of producing fumonisins with a 1:1 mating-type gene ratio in the population. To further study the genetic diversity of the population, isolates were analyzed using RAPD fingerprinting. Polymorphic markers were identified and the analysis showed no clear correlation between the RAPD profile of the isolates and their corresponding geographical origin. Our data suggest the toxigenic F. verticillioides population in Texas is widely distributed wherever maize is grown. We also hypothesize that the population is fluid, with active movement and genetic recombination occurring in the field.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 2013

The bacterial community structures of the marine sponge, Dactylospongia metachromia, collected from Chuuk of Micronesia on February 2012, were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The DGGE fingerprints of two individuals of D. metachromia, CH607 and CH840 showed the same band patterns. The sequences derived from DGGE bands revealed 93~100% similarities with known bacterial species in the public database and high similarity with uncultured bacterial clones. The bacterial community structures of both D. metachromia sponges (CH607, CH840) were composed of 6 phyla, 8 classes: Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes. DGGE fingerprint - based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the bacterial community profiles were identical in two individuals of the same sponge species collected from the same geographical location.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 1995

P. intermedia are considered an important pathogen in adult periodontitis, rapidly progressing periodontitis, refractory periodontitis, pregnancy gingivitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, pubertal gingivitis. So far 2 DNA homology groups and 3 serotypes of P. intermedia have been reported but there is no data available as yet regarding genetic diversity for the species P. intermedia. The purpose of this study is to investigate, using bacterial DNA restriction endonuclease analysis, genetic diversity between individual strains of P. intermedia which are indistinguishable by serotyping and biotyping, occurrence of an intrafamilial transmission and genetic heterogeneity between P. intermedia strains isolated within a patient and within the same serotypes. The families who have had no systemic disease, no experience of periodontal treatment for the previous 1 year and no experience of antibiotics for the previous 6 months were selected and subgingival plaque was collected at 4 sites in each person and incubated in the anaerobic chamber. P. intermedia were identified by colony shape, gram stain, biochemical test, SK-I03(Sunstar Inc.) test and IIF using monoclonal antibody was perfomed for the determination of serotypes. P. intermedia strains were grown in BHI broth and whole genomic DNA was extracted and digested by restriction endonuclease. The resulting DNA fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, stained and photographed under UV. As the results of this study, intrafamilial vertial transmissions could be assessed in 2 families and horizintal transmissions in another 2 families. There were different DNA digest patterns within a patient, so P. intermedia showed that individuals could be colonized by multiple clonal types at anyone time. And different serotypes could be found within a patient and in the same serotype within a patient, obvius genetic heterogeneity could not be assessed. But in the same serotype in different famies, there were differences in the DNA digest patterns.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 2004

A major challenge facing those involved in the testing of new plant varieties for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) is the need to compare new varieties against all those of common knowlege (reference varieties). One possible approach would be to group new (candidate) varieties and reference varieties using descriptions stored in databases prior to further of official test. testing. This study was carried out to manage a reference variety collection by databasing of hordein profiling. For this purpose, hordein subunits of the 48 National list barley (Hordeum vulgare L) cultivars were analysed. Total 22 of clear scorable hordein subunits were identified from D-subunit to B-subunit region and fifteen different hordein polypeptide patterns were obtained. Based on hordein subunit band pattern, UPGMA cluster analysis was conducted. Forty-eight cultivars were separated into three groups and genetic distance of cluster ranging from 0.55 to 1.00. Hordein subunits have a potential of selecting similar varieties compared with candidate varieties by controlling reference variety collection and playing an important complemental role in cultivar distinctness.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 1991

Multi-spectral analyses of excitation and emission fluorescence was applied to spilled crude oils in characterization of their specific fluorescence patterns which is called oil fingerprints. In the present study, oil fingerprints of 33 crude, 4 fuel and 2 other oils were analyzed to establish data base library search system. Cluster analysis showed that crude oils could be classified into two large groups according to their fluorescence characteristics. In simulated experiments, all the spilled sources was identifiable by the present library search system. In the natural environment this system could identify the exact source of weathered crude oil slicks upton 10 days. The present study shows that the fluorescence fingerprinting method with the library search system is reliable and superior to toutine GC/HPLC analyses in identification of the source of weathered spilled oils in the marine environment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1027-1031
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• 2010

To examine the possibility of horizontal gene transfer between transgenic potatoes and microorganisms in potato fields, the gene flow from transgenic potatoes containing the nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (NDPK2) gene to microorganisms in soils was investigated. The soil samples collected from the potato fields from March to October 2007 were examined by PCR, Southern hybridization, and AFLP fingerprinting. The NDPK2 gene from soil genomic DNAs was not detected by both PCR and Southern hybridization, indicating that gene transfer did not occur in the potato fields. In addition, no discrepancy was found in pathogenicity and noticeable changes for the appearance of variants of Phytophthora infestans in each generation when serial inoculations and the analysis of genomic DNAs by AFLP were conducted. Thus, these data suggest that transgenic potatoes do not give significant impacts on the communities of soil microorganisms and the emergence of variants, although continued research efforts may be necessary to make a decisive conclusion.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to investigate the activities of Malaysian local herbs (Clinacanthus nutans Lindau, Strobilanthes crispus, Murdannia bracteata, Elephantopus scaber Linn., Pereskia bleo, Pereskia grandifolia Haw., Vernonia amygdalina, and Swietenia macrophylla King) for anti-hypertensive and vasorelaxant activity. An infrared (IR) macro-fingerprinting technique consisting of conventional fourier transform IR (FTIR), second-derivative IR (SD-IR), and two-dimensional correlation IR (2D-correlation IR) analyses were used to determine the main constituents and the fingerprints of the Malaysian local herbs. Methods: The herbs were collected, ground into powder form, and then macerated by using three different solvents: distilled water, 50% ethanol, and 95% ethanol, respectively. The potentials of the extracts produced from these herbs for use as vasorelaxants were determined. Additionally, the fingerprints of these herbs were analyzed by using FTIR spectra, SD-IR spectra, and 2D-correlation IR spectra in order to identify their main constituents and to provide useful information for future pharmacodynamics studies. Results: Swietenia macrophylla King has the highest potential in terms of vasorelaxant activity, followed by Vernonia amygdalina, Pereskia bleo, Strobilanthes crispus, Elephantopus scaber Linn., Pereskia grandifolia Haw., Clinacanthus nutans Lindau, and Murdannia bracteata. The tri-step IR macro-fingerprint of the herbs revealed that most of them contained proteins. Pereskia bleo and Pereskia grandifolia Haw. were found to contain calcium oxalate while Swietenia macrophylla King was found to contain large amounts of flavonoids. Conclusion: The flavonoid content of the herbs affects their vasorelaxant activity, and the tri-step IR macro-fingerprint method can be used as an analytical tool to determine the activity of a herbal medicine in terms of its vasorelaxant effect.