• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2017

PURPOSES : This paper presents a comparison study between dynamic and static analyses of falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing, which is a test used for evaluating layered material stiffness. METHODS: In this study, a forward model, based on nonlinear subgrade models, was developed via finite element analysis using ABAQUS. The subgrade material coefficients from granular and fine-grained soils were used to represent strong and weak subgrade stiffnesses, respectively. Furthermore, the nonlinearity in the analysis of multi-load FWD deflection measured from intact PCC slab was investigated using the deflection data obtained in this study. This pavement has a 14-inch-thick PCC slab over fine-grained soil. RESULTS: From case studies related to the nonlinearity of FWD analysis measured from intact PCC slab, a nonlinear subgrade model-based comparison study between the static and dynamic analyses of nondestructive FWD tests was shown to be effectively performed; this was achieved by investigating the primary difference in pavement responses between the static and dynamic analyses as based on the nonlinearity of soil model as well as the multi-load FWD deflection. CONCLUSIONS : In conclusion, a comparison between dynamic and static FEM analyses was conducted, as based on the FEM analysis performed on various pavement structures, in order to investigate the significance of the differences in pavement responses between the static and dynamic analyses.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.89-98
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the geotechnical properties and the CBR values of the subgrade materials used in the rural roal construction. A total of 77 Soil samples was investigated and tested from 45 agricultural and industrial sites in Kyungpook Province. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The maximum dry densities of the coarse grained soils are larger than those of the fine grained soils. The optimum moisture contents of the coarse grained soils are smaller than those of the fine grained scils. 2. The mean values of the medified CBR values of the soils classified by the USCS, are decreased in the order of GP-GM, SW-SM, GM, SC, SP-SM, ML, CL-ML. And, those classified by the AASHTO are decreased in the order of A-i-a, A-i-b, A-2-4, A-3, A-4, A-6, A-7-6. 3. As passing percentage of No.200 sieve is increased, the CBR Value of soils is decreased gradually. 4. As the optimum moisture contents of the soil is increased, the CBR values is decresed the maximum dry density of the soils increased, the CBR values increased. 5. The CBR values are decreased as Group-lndex(GI) are increased. And Activity(A) is showed no relation with the CBR values. 6. The relation ships between the modified CBR value and standand proctor compaction CBR value at 95% compaction ratio can he expressed as the following equation : Y(CERmod)= 2.3638 + 0.8922X(CBR25).

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2004

인디아나주 도로국 (INDOT, Indiana Department of Transportation)에서는 부분적으로 1990년대 초반부터 토사개량(지반 안정화는 아님)에 대한 저비용의 건설재료로서 석회노분을 사용해왔다. 그러나 석회노분을 포함한 흙의 강도향상은 설계과정에서 노상의 안정화계산에 반영되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 석회노분이 수화된 석회와 유사한 공학적 성질을 지닌 재료인지를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었으며, 인디아나주에서 흔히 접할수 있는 A-4, A-6, A-7-6와 같이 세립분이 우세한 다양한 흙과 조합하여 석회노분의 역학적 장점들을 평가하기 위해 일련의 실내실험들을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 아터버그한계, 표준다짐, 일축압축, CBR, 체적 안정성과 회복탄성계수등의 실험들을 수행하였으며 그 결과 비처리토에 비해 처리토의 경우 60-400% 정도의 범위로 일축압축강도가 증가하였다. 비혼합토에 대한 CBR 값의 범위가 3-18인 것에 반하여, 혼합토에 대한 CBR 값들은25-70의 범위내에 있다. 또한, 일반적으로 혼합토의 회복탄성계수도 상당히 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 석회노분은 수화된 석회에 대한 대안으로서 실용적이고 경제적인 재료이며 세립토의 강도를 향상시키며 작업성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 암시한다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.103-116
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• 1994

The objective of this study was to determine the criteria for density and moisture content measurements made with a nuclear density meter on common materials in the construction field. The study also sought to test a full-type nuclear density meter in controlling the density of overlay layers( 2.5~5.0cm). In order to determine the accuracy and reliablility of nuclear guage measurements made on construction materials, laboratory and field tests were conducted. Wooden blocks( 65 x 45 ${\times}$ 50 cm) and a special steel compactor( 4.7kg) were constructed in order to carry out tests which were conducted on three different materials; coarse gramed soil, fine grained soil, and AC material. Throughout all laboratory and field tests, the nuclear density and moisture content were determined using Humboldt 5OOLP nuclear gauge. The tests on subgrade material entailed obtaining density measurements by means of both the sand replacement method and the nuclear density meter. The results of the sand replacement method were then compared to the readings recorded bu the meter. As in the subgrade material tests, density measurements made during AC pavement tests were also determined using the unclear meter in addition to a second means; through the core method. The meter readings and core densties were compared as was done in the tests on subgrade materials. The correlation between the results of the sand replacement test( also, the core method) and meter readings on subgrade material was then determined. Sirnilarly, the observed results were then analyzed through linear regression. The tests to determine thin-lift density by means of a full-type nuclear density meter also conducted on the overlay layers( about 4. 8cm thickness) above AC pavements at road construction sities in Korea.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.406-411
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• 2011

An active application of tram is being expected in Korea in the near future. For the tram operation in urban area, the embedded rail tracks where rails are completely embedded with pavements is required. When the embedded rail track is constructed on fine-grained subgrade soil, excessive cumulative plastic settlements due to repetitive tram road may occur. In this study, repetitive load tests were carried out to evaluate the accumulative plastic settlements of subgrade soils underneath embedded rail tracks. Two real-scale track specimens of 5 m lengths were constructed considering the maximum cant of a curved line. Repetitive tram loads of three million times were applied to the tracks in 5 Hz frequency. The accumulating patterns of plastic settlements were analyzed. Tram load distributing effects of the concrete slabs were also evaluated using the measured data of earth pressures cells that were installed underneath track. Also the measured settlements were compared with the estimated settlements calculated from an existing experimental equations, and its validity is discussed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.528-535
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• 2005

Using the case of design to the Large diameter Bored Pile, We showed the various method to estimate the Lateral coefficient of subgrade reaction and analyzed the lateral displacement behavior according to the characteristics of sub layer distribution. According to the study, Mutual relation to the N value and the soil modulus of deformation showed 400N to 800N to the fine grained soil and weathered soil. It showed simular tendancy with the proposed expression of Schmertmann. But Weathered rock was over estimated as 4,200N. $k_h$ to the sedimentory soil and weathered rock each showed these orded of Schmertmann-PMT-2,800N and Schmertmann-2,800N-PMT. As the factor($\alpha$) 4 was applied to the estimation in weathered rock, $k_h$ to the PMT was calculate as a big value. If the pile is long and the pile is surpported to the soil, Lateral displacement was in inverse proportion ratio to the value of $k_h$. But the case of shallow soil layer(early bedrock) and the short pile, Lateral displacement was affected by the behavior of socheted pile to the bedrock not by the upper soil layer.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2008

향후 국내 철도 건설에는 콘크리트궤도의 활발한 적용이 예상된다. 콘크리트궤도의 경우 기존의 자갈도상 궤도에 비해 침하로 인한 사용성 저하가 크고 그 복구가 어렵기 때문에, 침하에 대한 보다 엄격한 대처가 요구된다. 특히 반복되는 열차하중에 의해 발생하는 소성변형의 축적에 의한 장기 침하를 예측하는 것은 철도 궤도의 합리적인 설계와 유지관리를 위해 필수적이다. 세립토로 구성된 연약한 노반 위에 설치되어 과도한 누적소성침하가 예상되는 경우, 소수의 소구경 말뚝을 설치하면 침하를 효과적으로 억제할 수 있을 것으로 예측된다. 본 논문은 경험식과 수치해석을 결합한 방법을 통해 말뚝 설치에 의한 누적소성침하량의 감소 효과를 평가하였다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 유한차분법을 이용하여 말뚝이 설치된 콘크리트궤도를 모델링하여 열차하중에 의해 발생하는 지중응력 상태를 파악하고, 산정된 응력 분포를 소성변형 예측을 위한 경험식에 적용함으로써 콘크리트궤도에서 발생하는 장기 소성침하를 예측하였다. 해석 결과의 분석출 통해 누적소성침하량의 감소 목적으로써 의 말뚝 설치 효과를 확인하였다. 또한 말뚝 설치개수 및 말뚝 배치에 따른 누적소성침하 감소 특성을 제시하고 누적소성침하 감소를 위한 효과적인 말뚝 배치를 제안하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2009

역학적 경험적 포장 설계법을 도입하려는 현재의 연구추세에 발 맞추어 정확한 응력, 변형률, 변형을 기초로 포장구조체를 해석하기 위한 역학적 접근방법이 필요한 시점이다. 기존의 실험결과에 따르면 연성포장 구조의 기층에 이용되는 자갈과 노상층에 이용되는 노상토등의 포장 하부재료는 반복하중 조건하에서 비선형 회복탄성계수의 특징을 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 이 비선형 거동은 재료의 현재 응력에 의한 회복탄성계수 모델로 나타나질 수 있으며 정확한 해를 구할 수 있는 역학적 방법중의 하나인 유한요소 해석 방법에 적용되어 질 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 비선형 해석기법과 효과적인 해 수렴기법이 구현된 재료 모델 부 프로그램을 범용 유한요소 프로그램의 하나인 아바쿠스에 적용시켰다. 이 수치해석 방법에는 더 정확한 해를 찾기 위한 체눈분할에 의해 만들어진 유한요소 모델이 이용되었다. 이런 일련의 방법들에 의한 포장구조체의 해석결과, 2차원과 3차원 비선형 유한요소 해석의 결과가 큰 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 사용된 부 프로그램은 미연방 항공국 공항 시험포장에서 측정되어진 결과 값에 의해 비교 검증되었다.