• 에너지공학
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2017

섬유강화플라스틱(glass fiber reinforced plastics)은 수지에 섬유상의 보강재를 복합화하여 고강도 특성을 나타내게한 대표적인 플라스틱 복합소재이다. 섬유강화플라스틱 성형제품의 기계적 물성을 결정하는 요소는 강화재로 사용되는 섬유상 소재이므로 섬유소재에 대한 연구는 관심이 높은 대상이나, 기지재를 구성하는 수지의 물성에 영향을 미치는 충진재의 영향에 관한 연구는 많지 않은 편이다. 그러나, 플라스틱 또는 수지 조성물의 물성은 미네랄 충진재에 의하여 결정되며, 기지재가 복합소재에 미치는 영향이 높은 만큼 본 연구에서는 $3-6{\mu}m$ 크기의 중질 탄산칼슘을 사용하여 충진재의 크기와 첨가량이 섬유강화복합체에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 시편은 시트몰딩 컴파운드(SMC, Sheet molding compound) 방법에 의하여 제조되었으며, 기계적 특성은 굴곡강도와 인장강도 결과를 비교 분석 하였다. 그 결과 탄산칼슘의 크기 또는 첨가량이 성형시편의 기계적 강도에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 그 중에서도 가장 낮은 평균 입경 ($2.8{\mu}m$) 조건에서 가장 높은 기계적 특성을 나타냈다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2002

피조개의 외투막은 바깥 상피층, 결합조직층 그리고 안쪽 상피층으로 구성되어 있다. 상피층은 단층으로 지지세포, 섬모세포 및 분비세포들로 구성되며, 결합조직층은 주로 교원섬유와 근섬유로 이루어져 있다. 안쪽 상피층의 지지세포들은 원주형으로 자유면은 미세융모로 덮여있다. 섬모세포들은 자유면에 섬모와 미세융모를 가지며, 이들 세포의 세포질 상부에서는 다수의 관상 미토콘드리아들이 관찰된다. 분비세포들은 주로 바깥 상피층에서 관찰되며, 분비과립의 형태학적 특징에 따라 A, B, C, D 네 종류로 구분할 수 있다. A형 분비세포들은 점액세포들로서 가장자리와 중앙부의 외투막에서 주로 관찰되며, 이들 세포의 분비과립은 전자밀도가 낮고 막을 가지지 않는다. B형 분비세포들은 발달된 다수의 조면소포체와 골지체 그리고 전자밀도가 높고 막을 가진 분비과립들을 함유한다. C형 분비세포들의 분비과립은 섬유성분의 중심부와 균질성의 주변부로 구분된다. D형 분비세포들은 주로 중앙부와 각정부 외투막의 바깥 상피층에서 관찰되며, 이들 세포의 분비과립은 균질성의 중심부와 과립상의 주변부로 구분된다. 이와 같은 결과들은 피조개 외투막의 바깥 상피층은 패각형성에 관여하며, 안쪽 상피층은 외투강 정화에 관여함을 의미한다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2004

본 연구는 1998년 9월부터 2000년 12월까지 충남대학교 생명과학대학내 초지시험포장에서 N 시비수준이 하번초형 혼파초지의 건물수량과 사료가치에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 공시초지는 Kentucky bluegrass(Newport) 40%+tall ftscue(Reboll Jr.) 20%+perennial ryegrass(Palmer II ) 10%+ redtop (Barricuda) 10% + red fsscue(Salem) 10% + creeping bentgrass(Crenshaw) 10%로 조성된 하번초형 혼파초지에서 수행하였다. N 시비수준은 100, 150 및 200kg/ha의 3처리를 두어 시험하였으며, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 2년 평균 ha당 건물수량은 N 시비수준이 높아짐에 따라 현저히 증가되어, N 100, 150 및 200kg 시비수준에서 각각 6,551, 8,182 및 9,501kg을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 2. N 시비수준이 높아짐에 따라 CP 함량과 DMD는 증가된 반면에, 섬유소 함량은 감소되었다(p＜0.05). 3. 2년 편균 ha당 CPDM과 DDM 수량은 N 시비수준이 높아짐에 따라 뚜렷이 증가되었다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 하번초형 혼파초지에서 부수적으로 생산되는 목초의 건물수량과 사료가치를 높이기 위한 N 시비수준은 200kg/ha이 적당할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나, 그 이상의 N 시비는 이용목적과 비용 등을 고려하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 1994

Soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck is not frequent neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of all malignant neoplasm in the region. The histological varieties include osteogenic sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, tenosynovial sarcoma, angiosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck usually occur in children under the age of 10 years (over 70%) and rarely develop in adults over the age of 20 years. The prevalent sites of involvement include the orbit, nasal cavity, external ear, paranasal sinus and soft tissue of mouth and the primary location of tumor is considered to be one of the important prognostic factors. Before the 1960s, when surgical resection was the only method of treatment, the 5-year survival rate was less than 20%, but recently it has been greatly improved by the multimodality treatment, combining surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Here we treated a rhabdomyosarcoma woman with three cycles of high dose chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy. After the, completion of preoperative treatments, successful result of more than partial response was achieved. Three months later total maxillectomy and radical neck dissection was performed. There was no evidence of tumor infiltration in the resected tumor and regional lymphnodes but metastasized tumor cells in cervical lymphnodes were detected. Tumor cell infiltration was also found on the bone marrow biopsy to evaluate the pancytopenia which occurred during postoperative recovery. Two months later she died of secondary bone marrow failure. We think that this multimodality treatment combining pre-operative chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery might play an important role in curative resection and eyeball preservation in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma involving the eyeball.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2002

수침조건이 다른 도토리 앙금을 이용하여 묵을 제조한 후 텍스쳐 특성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. $95^{\circ}C$에서 120 rpm으로 1시간 가열하여 제조한 11% 농도의 도토리 묵을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 미세구조는 전체적으로 다공성인 망상구조를 이루고 있었으며 수침 기간이 길어지면서 겔의 망상구조 크기가 균일해지면서 치밀한 구조를 형성하였다. 도토리 묵을 50% 변형율로 측정한 TPA 특성치는 견고성(hardness)의 경우 수침 기간이 길어질수록 증가하였으며, cohesiveness와 springiness는 대구조인 0-0 시료를 제외하고는 시료의 처리 정도에 따른 차이를 관찰할 수 없었고, chewiness는 증가하였다. 또한 adhesiveness(부착성)는 나타나지 않았다. 수침 조건이 각기 다른 묵을 색깔, 견고성, 떫은맛과 종합적 기호도에 대해 실시한 관능검사는 색깔의 경우 처리 정도가 커질수록 대조구(0-0) 시료와는 뚜렷이 구분할 수 있었으며, 견고성의 경우에도 수침을 많이 할수록 증가하였으며, 떫은 맛의 경우에는 열매만을 수침 처리한 경우에는 그 차이가 크지 않았으나 앙금을 수침하는 과정에 의해 유의적으로 차이가 있었다. 종합적 기호도에서는 전반적으로 증가하였으나 수침 처리를 가장 많이 한 4-2와 4-3의 경우에는 기호도가 조금 떨어졌다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 볼 때 도토리 묵은 견고성 뿐만 아니라 약간의 갈색과 적당히 떫은맛을 갖는 것이 기호도에 있어 더 나은 점수를 받았다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.326-332
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• 2011

구조물의 내력증진 방법으로 적용되는 섬유재료에는 탄소섬유와 아라미드섬유 브론섬유 및 유리섬유 등이 있다. 이 중에서도 탄소섬유는 가장 많이 쓰이는 재료로서 다른 종류의 섬유올이 2방향성인 반면 탄소섬유 올은 1방향성으로서 부착되는 섬유올 방향으로만 인장내력에 의해 보강되므로 현장적용 시 섬유올의 부착방향이 매우 중요한 요소이나 보강설계 시 이에 대한 뚜렷한 도시가 되지 않아 구조적 지식이 없는 현장기술자 또는 인부들의 무개념적인 시공으로 보강성능을 전연 확보하지 못하는 사례가 종종 발생되곤 한다. 본 연구는 콘크리트 기둥에 대한 탄소섬유쉬트 방향에 따른 보강성능을 파악코자 각 실험체별로 섬유 올의 경사, 수평 및 수직방향으로 보강한 후 가력을 통한 보강성능을 비교 분석하여 섬유올 방향이 보강성능에 미치는 영향을 대비분석함으로서 섬유방향에 대한 최적의 보강설계 방안을 제시하고자 하였으며, 실험결과 수평방향의 보강성능은 153.43%인 반면 수직보강은 겨우 104.61%로서 거의 보강효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 섬유올 방향의 인장내력 증진에 따른 구속효과에 의한 보강효과로서 보강설계와 현장관리에 철저한 관리가 절대적이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.122-126
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• 2011

Introduction: In the lateral window approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft, there has been considerable controversy regarding the placement of a barrier membrane over the osteotomy site. In particular, when there is no damage to the Schneiderian membrane, clinicians should decide whether to use a barrier membrane or not, considering the benefits and costs. This study presents the clinical cases to demonstrate that only repositioning the detached window can lead to satisfactory bony healing of the grafted material without using a barrier membrane in the lateral approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft. Materials and Methods: Five consecutive patients were treated with the same surgical procedures. After performing the antrostomy on the lateral maxillary wall using a round carbide bur and diamond bur, the bony window was detached by a gentle levering action. After confirming no perforation of the Schneiderian membrane, the grafting procedure was carried out the detached window of the lateral maxillary wall was repositioned over the grafted material without using a barrier membrane. A gross examination was carried out at the postoperative 6 month re-entry, and the the preoperative and postoperative dental computed tomography (CT) at re-entry were compared. Results: All the procedures in the 5 patients went on to uneventful healing with no complications associated with the bone graft. Satisfactory bone regeneration without the interference of fibrous tissue on the gap between the repositioned window and lateral wall of the maxillary sinus was observed in the postoperative 6 month re-entry. The CT findings at re-entry revealed the, reconstruction of the external cortical plate including repositioned bony window. In addition, the loss of the discontinuity of the lateral maxillary wall was confirmed. Conclusion: This preliminary report showed that the detached window, which was just repositioned on the grafted material, could function as a barrier membrane in the lateral approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft. Therefore additional morphometric and histologic studies will be needed.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.15-35
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• 2015

Objectives This study was performed to investigate the effects of Bujasasim-tang ethanol extract (BST) on oxidative stress, inflammation and osteoarthritic rat model. Methods To ensure safety of BST, heavy metal levels were measured and cytotoxicity test was done. In vitro, To evaluate antioxidative effects of BST, total phenolic contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. Also, to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of BST treated group, total nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) levels were measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, We injected MIA $50{\mu}l$ (60 mg/ml) into knee joints of rats to induce osteoarthritis. Rats were divided into total 3 groups (normal, control, BST treated group, each n=7). Normal group was not treated at all without inducing osteoarthritis and taken normal diet. Control group was induced osteoarthritis by MIA and taken with 2 ml of distilled water once a day for 4 weeks. BST treated group was induced osteoarthritis by MIA and taken BST 2 ml (200 mg/kg/mouse) once a day for 4 weeks. We evaluated dynamic weight bearing with the Incapacitance Test Meter. At the end of experiment, the rats were sacrificed to observe the functions of liver and kidney, changes of WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte levels in blood, to evaluate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tissue inhibitor of metallopreteinases-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), leukotriene $B_4$ ($LTB_4$) within serum. We observed change of articular structures by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E), safranin-O staining method and measured amount of cartilage by micro CT-arthrography. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired student's t-test with significance level at p<0.05 in SPSS 11.0 for windows. Results 1. Safety of the BST was identified. 2. AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine levels of BST treated group were within normal limit. In vitro, 1. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities of BST showed dose-dependent increase. 2. ROS production were significantly decreased. 3. Total nitric oxide (NO) and IL-$1{\beta}$ production were decreased. 4. IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production were significantly decreased. In vivo, 1. Weight bearing ability was significantly increased. 2. WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte levels in blood were decreased. 3. IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels in serum were significantly decreased. and the IL-6 level was decreased. 4. TIMP-1, MMP-9, $LTB_4$, $PGE_2$ levels in serum were significantly decreased. 5. Cartilage volume of BST treated group was significantly increased. Also changes of cartilage, synovial membrane, fibrous tissue were suppressed. Conclusions The results obtained in this study Bujasasim-tang have effects of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, relieve pain and protection of cartilage. Therefore we expect that Bujasasim-tang is effective treatment for osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.753-767
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of LiF-maleic acid added calcium aluminate(LM-CA) bone cement & CA-PMMA composite bone cement on the healing of calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rats. The critical size defects were surgically produced in the calvarial bone using the 8mm trephine bur. The rats were divided in three groups : In the control group, nothing was applied into the defect of each rat. LM-CA bone cement was implanted in the experimental group 1 and CA-PMMA composite bone cement was implanted in the experimental group 2. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 8 weeks after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic analysis, especially about the bone-cement interface and the response of surrounding tissue. The results are as follows; 1. In the control group, inflammatory infiltration was observed at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, periosteum and duramater were continuously joined together in the defect area. But the center of defect area was filled up with the loose connective tissue. 2. In the experimental group 1, the bonding between implanted bone cement and the existing bone was seen, which more increased in 8 weeks than 2 weeks. Inflammatory infiltration and the dispersion of implanted bone cement particles were seen in both 2 weeks and 8 weeks. 3. In the experimental group 2, implanted bone itself had a dimensional stability and no bonding between implanted bone cement and the existing bone was seen in both 2 weeks and 8 weeks. Implanted bone cement was encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue. In addition, inflammatory infiltration was seen around implanted bone cement. On the basis of these results, when LM-CA bone cement or CA-PMMA composite bone cement was implanted in rat calvarial defect, LM-CA bone cement can be used as a bioactive bone graft material due to ability of bonding to the existing bone and CA-PMMA can be used as a graft material for augmentation of bone-volume due to dimensional stability.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.117-128
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• 1997

Using barrier membrane, guided bone regeneration(GBR) and guided tissue regeneration(GTR) of periodontal tissue are now widely studied and good results were reported. In bone regeneration, not all cases gained good results and in some cases using GTR, bone were less regenerated than that of control. The purpose of this study is to search for the method to improve the success rate of GBR and GTR by examination of the cause of the failure. For these study, rats and beagle dogs were used. In rat study, 5mm diameter round hole was made on parietal bone of the rat and 10mm diameter of bioresorbable membrane was placed on the bone defects and sutured. In 1 ,2, 4 weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and Masson-Trichrome staining was done and inspected under light microscope for guided bone regeneration. In dog study, $3{\times}4mm^2$ Grade III furcation defect was made at the 3rd and 1th premolar on mandible of 6 beagle dogs. The defects were covered by bioresorbable membrane extending 2-3mm from the defect margin. The membrane was sutured and buccal flap was covered the defect perfectly. In 2, 4. 8 weeks later. the animals were sacrificed and undecalcified specimens were made and stained by multiple staining method. In rats. there was much amount of new bone formation at 2 weeks. and in 4 weeks specimen, bony defect was perfectly dosed and plenty amount of new bone marrow was developed. In some cases, there were failures of guided bone regeneration. In beagle dogs, guided tissue regeneration was incomplete when the defect was collapsed by the membrane itself and when the rate of resorption was so rapid than expected. The cause of the failure in GBR and GTR procedure is that 1) the membrane was not tightly seal the bony defects. If the sealing was not perfect, fibrous connective tissue infiltrate into the defect and inhibit the new bone formation and regeneration. 2) the membrane was too tightly attached to the tissue and then there was no space to be regenerated. In conclusion, the requirements of the membrane for periodontal tissue and bone regeneration are the biocompatibility, degree of sealingness, malleability. space making and manipulation. In this animal study. space making for new bone and periodontal ligament, and sealing the space might be the most important point for successful accomplishment of GBR and GTR.