• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fiber sample

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Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Imaging using Compact Fiber-coupled Terahertz Modules (초소형의 광섬유 결합형 테라헤르츠 모듈을 이용한 시간영역에서의 분광 및 이미징)

  • Yoon, Young-Jong;Kim, Namje;Ryu, Han-Cheol;Moon, Kiwon;Shin, Jun-Hwan;Han, Sang-Pil;Park, Kyung Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.72-77
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    • 2014
  • We have demonstrated a terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and imaging system using compact fiber-coupled THz modules. Using this THz spectroscopy system we have measured the absorption spectrum of water vapor in free space over 3 THz, as well as the refractive indices of various substrates such as Si, $Al_2O_3$, and GaAs using the transfer-function method. Through the THz imaging system we have observed a high-quality THz image of a medical knife and metal clip sample, with a resolution of $192{\times}89$ pixels using a step size of 250 ${\mu}m$.

Anatomical Characteristics of Major Korean Ash Species (한국산 물푸레나무속(屬) 주요 수종의 해부학적 특성)

  • Hwang, Won-Joong;Kwon, Goo-Joong;Park, Wan-Geun;Bae, Young-Soo;Kim, Nam-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.79-86
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    • 2002
  • Anatomical characteristics of Mulpurenamu (Korean ash, Praxmus rhynchopbylla), Deulmaenamu (Manshurican ash, Fraxinus mandsburica) and Sheamulpure (Sieboldiana ash, Fraxinus sieboldiana) grown in Korea were examined by an optical microscopy and an image analysis. Some characteristics such as boundary of annual rings, shape and size of vessel elements, arrangement of axial parenchyma cells in cross section, and cell volumetric composition showed significant differences between the sample species. In radial variation of elements, fiber length and vessel size increased from the pith for about 10 to 15 years and then reached a more or less constant. The results of this study can be used for identification of wood and indices of wood quality in Fraxinus spp.

Simulation of the Stiffness of HTPE Fabric according to the Application of Reactive Pigment DTP Process and Dyeability (반응성 안료의 DTP공정 적용에 따른 HTPE원단의 태 시뮬레이션 및 염색성 연구)

  • Sim, Jee-hyun;Lee, Jong-hyuk;Yu, Seong-Hun;Gwon, Gi-Hwan;Bae, Jin-Seok
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.210-219
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    • 2021
  • It was intended to conduct basic research to reduce development lead time and cost consumed in DTP process technology development. For the simulation of HTPE fabric, virtual engineering software was used to generate fiber model, yarn model, fabric model, and finite element model of HTPE fiber. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation and error rate between the stiffness numerical analysis results according to the direct DTP process parameters using reactive dyes in the generated finite element model and the stiffness measurements of the actual sample ac- cording to ASTM D1388. And, after dyeing the HTPE plain fabric according to the direct DTP process parameters, we want to analyze the dyeability of the HTPE fabric fabrics according to the direct DTP process parameters through the color fastness analysis. When looking at the results of the analysis of the finite element model, a higher value was shown when the distance between the nozzle and the fabric was 3mm than when the distance was 10mm. When the distance between the nozzle and the fabric was 10mm and 7mm, the reactive dye did not penetrate sufficiently, resulting in poor clarity when viewed with the naked eye.

Effect of post-treatment routes on the performance of PVDF-TEOS hollow fiber membranes

  • Shadia R. Tewfik;Mohamed H. Sorour;Hayam F. Shaalan;Heba A. Hani;Abdelghani G. Abulnour;Marwa M. El Sayed;Yomna O. Mostafa;Mahmoud A. Eltoukhy
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.85-93
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    • 2023
  • Membrane separation is widely used for several applications such as water treatment, membrane reactors and climate change. Cross-linked organic-inorganic hybrid polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) / Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was adopted for the preparation of optimized hollow membrane (HFM) for membrane distillation or other low pressure separators for mechanical properties and permeability under varying pretreatment schemes. HFMs were prepared on semi-pilot membrane fabrication system. Novel adopted post-treatment schemes involved soaking in glycerol, magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and isopropanol for different durations. All fibers were characterized for morphology using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface roughness using atomic force microscope (AFM), elemental composition by examining Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), water contact angle (CA°) and porosity. The performance of the fibers was evaluated for pure water permeation flux (PWF). Post-treatment with MgSO4 gave the highest both tensile modulus and flux. Assessment of properties and performance revealed comparable results with other organic-inorganic separators, HF or flat. In spite of few reported data on post treatment using MgSO4 in presence of TEOS, this proves the potential of low cost treatment without negative impact on other membrane properties. The flux is also comparable with hypochlorite which manifests substantial precaution requirements in actual industrial use.The relatively high values of flux/bar for sample treated with TEOS, post treated with MgSO4 and hypochlorite are 88 and 82 LMH/bar respectively.

Studies on Silk Textile Wash and Wear Finishing (絹織物 Wash and Wear 加工硏究)

  • Choe, Byong-Hee;Lee, Yang-Hoo
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.47-55
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    • 1981
  • Silk textile finishing has been studied for many years by many workers in order to meet more utilities for various endusers. Such studies, however, could not be successful because any natural fibers are hardly change their natures by artificial treating methods. Textile finishing is of course to improve the mechandise qualities and the poor natures of silk so that it may be available as the best textile fiber in the world. Sometimes, famous trade marked textile plays more power than its quality in the silk market, nevertheless, this should be over line of research activities. Meantime, the silk demand has been also transferred from ladies stocking to other clothes since nylon or other synthetic fibers were developed. That is why, the extension of silk demand should be developed by various research works. Specially, silk is known as difficult textile to handle it during washing or ironing process which happened to depress down the silk usage for house wives. In order to solve such problems, the reporter has been worked for many years and now, he believes that he has developed a proper finishing method to coversuch problems. The developed finishing method may be said to eligible with economical aspect and shorten the dry duration after water washing in half against normal silk textile without harming the specific silk nature. As all of us know, silk fiber starts to denature since it was spinned by silkworm and the fiber is formed as overlapped "S" type curves during its concooning process. After it is made as raw silk or sericin silk, it shows as straight line form, but it changes in to waved form in case refining or degumming process in order return to its original spinned form. Such nature is continued during its textile form and ends with hard ironing nature than other textile fibers. Mean while, the silk fiber keeps to continue its denaturing and this is iniciated by repeat of washing and drying which takes many years to reach its final stage, The reporter has found the iniciating denature of silk by his finishing process, with out heat, decreasing the swollen nature which ended with shortening the drying duration after wash. Each washing was carried out by soaking the previously weighed sample in cold water for one hour, then pressed the sample for ten minutes to eliminate its free water component before weighing with same condition. According to this, the treated silk showed much denaturing after the finishing, but the standard silk progressed the denaturing by and by with the repeat of washing and drying, finally reached the same swollen degree of treated silk, Such treating result explains that the treated silk happened to be stebilized nature by the treating immediately. On the other that the treated silk happened to be stebilized nature by the treating immediately. On the other hand, standard silk may reach to such condition by the time of worn out clothes after repeat of washing and drying for many years while the clothes will be no more useful. The decreased swelling nature has brought about the drying period in half against standard silk after all. Not only the tests of tenacity and elongation but also crease resistance recovery, stiffness and shrinkage tests were carried out after each washing and drying which he has found better result on the treated silk textile against the standard silk. The most important thing was to keep the textile feeling of silk by such finishing work before improve any poor nature of silk. The general silk has a nature to absorb smoke or dirt from its surrounding air and reaches to dirty color shade upon such exposure, but the treated one has improved such nature because of its artificial denaturing, another word, it keeps clean longer than the normal silk. Many previous finishing works could improve some specific nature of silk, but it happened to deprave other important natures. The reporters work is, however, specialized to improve the silk to be useful as Wash and Wear Silk without harming its standard natures. So far, this work happened to be a overall innovative finishing method of silk textile.

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An Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Strip Sensor for the Detection of Legionella Pneumophila (Legionella Pneumophila 검출을 위한 효소면역측정 스트립 센서)

  • Kim, Young-Kee;Park, Sojung
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.544-547
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    • 2014
  • In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immuno-chromatographic technique were combined to fabricate immuno-strip sensors for the detection of Legionella pneumophila. The immuno-strip sensor was manufactured with four different membranes. A nitrocellulose membrane was used to immobilize capture antibody and generate signals due to the high affinity to antibodies, and glass fiber membranes were used as a conjugate release pad and a sample application pad. A cellulose membrane was used as an absorption pad to induce sample flow by the capillarity. Colorimetric signals produced by sandwich immuno-reaction and enzyme reaction could be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively within 30 min. Under the given experimental conditions, sensor signals with L. pneumophila samples were observed qualitatively by naked eyes and measured quantitatively in a range of $1.3{\times}10^3-1.3{\times}10^6CFU/mL$ with a digital camera and home-made image analysis software.

Quality characteristics of muffins added with Ulmus devidiana powder (유근피 가루를 첨가 한 머핀의 품질 특성)

  • Kim, Sue-Jin;Kim, Hyeyoung
    • Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.519-528
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    • 2013
  • To evaluate the effect of Ulmus devidiana powder, muffins with Ulmus devidiana powder were made after supplementation with Ulmus devidiana powder(0, 5, 10 and 15%(all w/w)). Proximate composition of Ulmus devidiana powder was 7.49% moisture, 2.33% crude protein, 0.84% crude lipid, 66.74% carbohydrate, 14.09% crude fiber and 8.5% crude ash. The sample with 15% of Ulmus devidiana powder showed significantly lower volume compared to other groups. The symmetry of the sample with 5% of Ulmus devidiana powder was significantly lower than that of control group. No significant uniformity changes were observed. The height and baking loss rate of muffins with 15% Ulmus devidiana powder showed lower than that of other groups. But the weight of muffins with 15% Ulmus devidiana powder showed heavier than that of other groups. In color, L value and b value of muffins were decreased as the increase of the Ulmus devidiana powder. a value of muffins with Ulmus devidiana powder were higher than that of the control group. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness of groups with Ulmus devidiana powder were increased significantly as the increase of the amount of Ulmus devidiana powder. No changes of springness and cohesiveness were observed. Color, hardness, root odor and bitter taste intensity increased significantly with the increased addition of Ulmus devidiana powder. Acceptance of appearance, taste and overall acceptability of groups with 10% of Ulmus devidiana powder were significantly higher than that of the control group. As a result, 10% of Ulmus devidiana powder will be ideal to make muffins.

A study on the Modification of Fastness Formulae and the Measurement of Staining Fastness by CCM

  • Park, Ju-Young;Hong, Min-Gi;Lee, Nan-Hyeng;Kim, Sam-Soo;Hudson Samuel M.;Park, Sung-Su
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.18 no.5 s.90
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    • pp.80-87
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    • 2006
  • A new fastness formula based on the CIEDE2000 color-difference formula was developed by B. Rigg and his coworkers. It is much simpler to calculate the staining fastness grade than the ISO 105-A04 fastness formula based on the CIELAB color-difference formula. Sample pair sets, which cover a wide color space range were accumulated from the NCS(Natural Color System) color book. for those sample pair sets, a visual measurement experiment and an instrumental measurement experiment of fastness grade were carried out. Each performance of the ISO 105-A43 fastness formula and newly developed fastness formula was compared through degree of agreement for visual measurement results. The newly developed fastness formula indicated improved performance for measuring fastness grade as it was confirmed that the performance of the current ISO fastness formula ISO 105-A04 for assessing staining, was inadequate for measuring fastness grade. Then the fastness formulae were examined more closely according to the particular color spaces and the correlation of hue, lightness and chroma for measuring staining fastness grade was also considered to recommend more improved fastness formula. By modifying the weighting functions of CIEDE2000, which is a basis of new fastness formula developed by B. Rigg, a modified fastness formula is proposed in this study.

QUICK DETERMINATION OF MEAT COLOR, METMYOGLOBIN FORMATION AND LIPID OXIDATION IN BEEF, PORK AND CHICKEN BY NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

  • Mitsumoto, Mitsuru;Sasaki, Keisuke;Murakami, Hitoshi
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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    • 2001.06a
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    • pp.1259-1259
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    • 2001
  • Meat becomes brown and rancid during storage in the refrigerator and display in the case. Color changes, metmyoglobin formation and lipid oxidation are the important problems in the transportation / distribution of meat and retail display. The freshness of meat is determined by the sense of vision and smell. Since conventional method determining lipid oxidation is time consuming and destructive (it needs to homogenize meat with reagents, filtrate, time for reaction and read optical density using spectroscopy), more rapid and nondestructive technical tools are desired. The objective of this work was to evaluate near-infrared spectroscopy as an analytical tool for determining meat color, metmyoglobin formation and lipid oxidation. in beef, pork and chicken. Semitendinosus and longissimus thoracis muscles from six beef steers, biceps femoris and longissimus thoracis muscles from twelve LWD crossbred pigs, and superficial pectoral muscles from twenty-four broilers were used. About a 5-cm diameter and 1-cm thick sample (20.0g) was cut from the muscle and placed on plastic foam, over-wrapped with PVC film, and displayed under flourescent lights at 4 degrees C. during 10 days for beef and pork or 4 days for chicken. The spectra was measured by NIR systems Model 5500 Spectrophotometer using fiber optic scan at range of 400 - 1100 nm. Data were recorded at 2 nm intervals and 10 scans / 10 sec were averaged for every sample. Data obtained were saved as log 1/Re, where Re is the reflectance energy, and then mathematically transformed to second derivatives to reduce effects of differences in particle size. $L^{*}$, $a^{*}$ and $b^{*}$, and metmyoglobin formation were determined by conventional spectrophotometer using the integrating sphere unit. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured for lipid oxidation. A multiple linear regression was used to find the equation which would best fit the data. The number of wavelengths used in the equation was selected based on the fewer number compared to the increasing multiple correlation and Decreasing standard error. (omitted)

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Research on Exposure to Total Dust and Endotoxin during Planting and Harvest Tasks at Cucumber, Yellow Melon and Potato Farms (오이, 참외, 감자 작목에서의 정식, 수확작업시 총분진과 엔도톡신 노출 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyo Cher;Lee, Kyung Suk;Chae, Hye Seon;Min, Kyung Doo;Kim, Kyung Ran;Park, Yoon Suk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.412-420
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: This study was conducted in order to evaluate personal and area exposure to airborne total dust and endotoxin during harvest and planting tasks at cucumber, yellow melon and potato farms Materials and Methods: Total dust was measured with NIOSH method 0500. Endotoxin were measured using a 37 mm glass fiber filter which was connected to an air pump calibrated to 2 LPM, and then analyzed with a Turbidmetric kinetic method. Results: The average(arithmetic mean) concentrations of total dust in the personal samples were $0.10-3.81mg/m^3$ for cucumbers, $0.21-1.19mg/m^3$ for yellow melon, and $0.08-2.72mg/m^3$ for potato. There was a significant difference in the harvest task among the three farm types(p=0.019 of personal sample, p=0.048 of area sample), in which the air concentration for potatoes was higher than with cucumbers and yellow melons. Conclusions: It was found that potatoes(planting and harvest) should be considered the first priority for studying and reducing total dust exposure.