• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.475-476
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• 2009

This study investigates fundamental and spalling resistance properties of high strength concrete, W/B 28%, designed with the various diameters and contents of PET fiber. The flowability and compressive strength showed similar tendency in the range of below 0.05vol.% of fiber content. For the spalling resistance properties after fire test, the specimens with 40${\mu}m$ diameters of fiber did not spall at 0.05vol.% of fiber content. And the specimens with 20${\mu}m$ diameters of fiber did not spall even at 0.03vol.% of fiber content.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.47-59
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• 1991

This study wa performed to investigate the effects of dietary protein and fiber on the lead and protein metabolism in lead poisoning rats. Seventy male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 172$\pm$2g were blocked into 14 gropus according to body weight. Protein(casein) was given at levels of 15 or 40%, and fibers(pectin, cellulose and CMC) were given at levels of 0, 4 or 10%. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Food intake, weight gain and food efficiency ratio(FER) in groups fed high protein diets were higher than those in low protein groups. Liver weight in groups fed no dietary fiber was higher than that of animals fed fiber. Kidney and femur weights were greater in high protein groups. Tibia and femur lengths, and tibia weight were not significantly different among groups. 2. Hemoglobin content and hematocrit values showed no significant differance with dietary factors. 3. Total protein contents of serum and liver showed no significant difference, but tended to increase with increasing dietary protein level. Both daily urinary and fecal nitrogen excretions in high protein groups were higher than those in low protein groups. Especially daily fecal nitrogen excretions in high dietary fiber groups were significantly high. Body nitrogen absorption rate was the highest in animals fed no fiber. 4. Pb levels in blood, liver, kidney and bone tended to decrease with high dietary protein and fiber levels. Especially Pb level of kidney was high in all groups. Daily urinary Pb excretion showed no significant difference with dietary factors, but fecal Pb excretion increased significantly in high protein and fiber groups.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.910-917
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• 2010

Makgeolli lees is a jigaemi by product produced by makgeolli brew processing. Jigaemi has high fiber content and therefore can potentially be used in the development of foods rich in dietary fiber. The effects of makgeolli lees fibers on the composition and physico-chemical properties of chicken emulsion systems were studied. The moisture and ash contents, yellowness, and viscosity of chicken meat emulsion systems with makgeolli lees fiber were all higher than those of control. Moreover, chicken batters supplemented with makgeolli lees fiber were characterized by lower cooking loss and better emulsion stability. Chicken emulsion systems with makgeolli lees fiber also had improved emulsion stability and emulsion viscosity, and the best results were obtained with meat batter containing 2% makgeolli lees fiber.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.95-98
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• 2007

This study investigates the mechanical properties of the high strength concrete in the region of 80MPa corresponding to the temperature and fiber content change. For the properties of the fresh, slump flow is $600{\pm}100mm$, and air content is $3.0{\pm}1.0%$. They satisfy each targets, and there was no difference for the each fiber types. As the propertied of the hardened concrete, the compressive strength at 28 days is indicated over 80MPa, and they are similar to the change of the fiber types. The residual compressive strength in response to the temperature change of the NY, PP, and NY+PP fiber at $200^{\circ}C$ are increased by 115, 114, and 110% on the standard condition, and it is suddenly decreased at $400^{\circ}C$. They are decreased by 33, 19, and 16% on the standard condition at $800^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2002

As composite materials, the addition of steel fiber with concrete significant)y improves the engineering properties of structural members, notably shear strength and ductility. Flexural strength, fatigue strength, and the capacity to resist cracking are also enhanced. Especially the strengthening effect of steel fiber in shear is to prevent the brittle shear failure. In this study, shear-strengthening effect of steel fiber in RC short columns were investigated from the literature surveys and 10th specimem's member test results. From the test results, following conclusions can be made; the maximum enhancement of shear-strengthening effect can be achieved at about 1.5 ％ of steel fiber contents, shear strength and ductility capacity were improved remarkably in comparison to stiffness and energy dissipation capacity in steel fiber reinforced concrete.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2002

Recently, the application of high strength and high performance concrete has been gradually increased as an important construction material for high rise and huge scaled construction. However, high performance concrete has undesirable characteristics of spalling subjected to high temperature due to its dense microstructure content. A spalling by fire brings surface failure and falling off concrete member. It is considered that spalling by fire should be taken into account for the safety of the concrete structure under fire. Therefore, in this paper, tests are carried out using high performance concrete containing polypropylene(PP) fiber in order to improve the fire resistance performance. PP fiber contents and member sizes are varied. According to experimental results, as for the influence of PP fiber contents, all the test specimens without PP fiber show entire failure in W/C of 35％, while they show nearly sound shape except some kinds of surface fracture in W/C of 55％. When PP fiber is contained more than 0.07％, favorable prevention effects of spatting by fire are obtained. As for the effects of test specimens size, it tends to increase the possibilities of spatting by fire as test specimens become larger. And spatting by fire at the edge of test specimens occurs more frequently than at the surface of test specimens. Residual compressive and tensile strength shows 45∼65 ％ of its original strength at W/C of 35％, and 30∼40％ at W/C of 55 ％.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.203-208
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to compare the effects of summer temperature and nitrogen application on carbohydrates and fiber contents in orchardrass stubble grown in the cool summer year, 1980 and in the hot summer year, 1984. For this study, the contents of carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and hemicellulose in orchardgrass stubble were investigated. 1. Total water soluble carbohydrates(TSC) in orchardrass stubble were accumulated during the period of cool season and were declined when the weather was hot and dry. The reserve level of those were decreased when a new leaf emerged after the start of plant growth and then were increased as the plant was in full flourish. 2. The reserve of carbohydrate content in orchardgrass stubble was about twice times higher in cool summer year than that in hot summer year, and the reserve rate of carbohydrates showed to be fast in cool summer year. When the nitrogen fertilizer applied, the content of TSC in orchardgrass stubble more lowered but not significantly different(p<0.05). 3. The contents of NDF, ADF and hemicellulose in orchardgrass stubble in cool summer year were not significantly different from those in hot summer year. These contents showed also no significant difference among different levels of nitrogen applications. 4. The relationship of carbohydrate, NDF, ADF and hemicelluose contents according to the levels of nitrogen applications were negatively correlated in cool summer year. But there was no consistency in hot summer year.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of harvesting date on the forage yield and quality of different rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of two harvesting dates 20th and 30th April. The subplots consisted of five rye cultivars from different maturity groups such as 'Kodiak (Late)'. 'Koolgrazer (Early)', 'Danko (Late)', 'Homil22 (Medium)' and 'Olhomil (Early)' Dry matter (DM) contents of 17.8% at early harvesting were lower 2.2% than at late harvesting. But crude protein (CP) of 18.9% and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents of 65.5% at early harvesting were higher 2.3% and 3.0% than those at late harvesting, respectively. There were significant differences in DM, CP and TDN contents among the rye cultivars tested (p<0.05). The contents of fiber components at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting. The acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting, and hemicellulose contents at early harvesting was higher than that at late harvesting. The fiber component of early maturing cultivars such as 'Koolgrazer' and 'Olhomil' were higher than those of the others. Dry matter, CP, in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and TDN yields at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting, and the yield of early maturing cultivars were higher than those of the others. In this study, the results of this study indicate that forage production technology in combination with early maturing rye cultivar and late harvesting could enhance both production and quality of rye.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.571-588
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• 2016

Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell is one of pulp woods that is being developed through breeding plantation programs in Indonesia. The research aimed at exploring the chemical and morphological characteristics of fiber, and to determine the rank of plus trees from 4 provenances based on the suitability for pulps. The materials included the plus trees of E. pellita (9 years) from the 2nd generation of progeny tests in Pelaihari, South Borneo. Wood properties under investigation included the chemical properties and morphological fiber characteristics (fiber dimensions and its derived properties). In the present study, data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Pearson's correlation. Results showed that the chemical properties of E. pellita, i.e. the contents of ethanol-toluene extractives, hot water soluble extractives, holocellulose, alphacelullose, and lignin were $3.08{\pm}1.00%$, $1.41{\pm}0.38%$, $75.26{\pm}2.58%$, $49.02{\pm}2.88%$, and $29.49{\pm}1.86%$, respectively. The average values of wood fiber morphology were $1.02{\pm}0.08$ mm (fiber length), $13.25{\pm}1.64{\mu}m$ (fiber diameter), of $6.94{\pm}1.70{\mu}m$ (lumen diameter), $3.15{\pm}0.52{\mu}m$ (fiber wall thickness), $0.97{\pm}0.30$ (Runkel ratio), $0.57{\pm}0.10$ (Luce's shape factor), $78.21{\pm}10.34$ (slenderness ratio) and $130.91{\pm}33.77{\times}10^3{\mu}m^3$ (solids factor). The AHP scoring rank indicated that the best individuals were 28.4.3.28 (Kiriwo Utara), 12.1.5.28 (North Kiriwo), 19.11.5.45 (Serisa Village), 3.8.4.9 (South Kiriwo), and 6.6.3.15 (South Kiriwo). Pearson correlation analysis showed significant correlations between the levels of fiber length with alpha-cellulose content (r = 0.39) as well as the fiber length with ethanol-toluene extractive contents (r = -0.41).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1116-1124
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• 2005

The influence of fiber content of hay (low-fiber 47% NDF and high-fiber 62% NDF of DM) and concentrate level (high 50% and low 20% of ration DM) on chewing activity, passage rate and nutrient digestibility were tested on four restrict-fed (11.1 to 13.7 kg DM/d) Holstein cows in late lactation. Aspects of ruminal fermentation and digesta particle size distribution were also investigated on two ruminally cannulated (100 mm i.d.) cows of the same group of animals. All digestion parameters studied were more affected by the fiber content of the hay and its ratio to non structural carbohydrates than by the concentrate level. Giving a diet of high-fiber (62% NDF) hay and low concentrate level (20%) increased chewing activity but decreased solid passage rate and total digestibility of nutrients due to a limited availability of fermentable OM in the late cut fiber rich hay. A supplementation of high-fiber hay with 50% concentrate in the diet seems to improve the ruminal digestion of cell contents, whilst a depression of the ruminal fiber digestibility was not completely avoided. Giving a diet of low-fiber (47% NDF) hay and high concentrate level (50%) reduced markedly the chewing and rumination activity, affected negatively the rumen conditions and, consequently, the ruminal digestion of fiber. A reduction of the concentrate level from 50 to 20% in the diet of low-fiber hay improved the rumen conditions as reflected by an increase of the ruminal solid passage rate and of fiber digestibility and in a decrease of the concentration of large particles and of the mean particle size of the rumen digesta and of the faeces. Generally, it can be summarised that, (i) concentrate supplementation is not a strategy to overcome limitations of low quality (fiber-rich) hay, and (ii) increase of the roughage quality is an effective strategy in ruminant nutrition, especially when concentrate availability for ruminants is limited.