• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.426-434
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• 2011

In order to increase the use of rice, ginseng Garaedduks and Topokki were made and the physicochemical and sensory properties were investigated. Topokki and Garaedduks were added with 0, 1, 3 and 5% ginseng powder and stored at $20^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. The moisture contents were not different to the increasing amount of ginseng powder and increasing storage time for 48 hours. The moisture content of Garaedduks for control and 5% added ginseng powder were 48.08% and 49.62%, respectively. The L value in color of uncooked ginseng Garaedduk decreased according to the added amount of ginseng powder, and the b value in color increased significantly according to the added amount of ginseng powder and during 48 hours storage at $20^{\circ}C$. Textural analysis, measured using a texture analyzer, of Garaedduk revealed that hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness decreased significantly and adhesiveness increased according to the added amount of ginseng powder. In sensory evaluation, 5% ginseng Garaedduk (uncooked, cooked) scored higher in overall acceptability than those of the other samples. In cooking properties, water absorption and solid contents increased according to the added amount of ginseng powder. Therefore, Garaedduk containing 5% ginseng powder was the most preferable. These results implied that the degree of retrogradation of ginseng Garaedduk might be low due to its high dietary fiber content.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.2 s.63
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• pp.51-60
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• 1985

This paper was performed to study the nature of varietal resistance of some Korean-new rice cultivars to the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens ($ST{\AA}L$). The rice cultivars tested were Cheongcheong, Gaya, Hangangchal, Samgang, Nampoong and Yeongpoong which have been reported as having resistant genes for the BPH. The check varieties were Jinheung, Sangpoong and Chucheong for susceptible and IR-36 for resistant. The factors studied were referred to the seedling responses, preference in feeding and oviposition of BPH, antibiosis (nymphal development, adult emergence and sex ratio, adult body weight, population build-up, feeding amount and amylase activity), and chemical composition (inorganic components, chlorophyll contents, cell wall components, amino acids and esterase isozymes) of leaf- sheath and/or roots of rice plants. In conclusion, the natures of varietal resistance of rice cultivars to the BPH were not only correlated with the resistant reaction of rice plant, but also they were related with the non preference in feeding and oviposition and those resistant cultivars had the antibiotic effects to the insects. Their antibiotic effects of rice cultivars to the BPH would be related with some of the chemical components of rice plants, such as the contents of magnesium oxide (MgO), and chlorophyll and the different esterase isozymes.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2003

To develop the health/functional food materials, we investigated the cultural condition of mycelial growth on the solid state fermentation using the brown rise, Acanthopanax sp. and Artemisia sp., and also evaluated inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of hot water extracts from cultured media of Pleurotus eryngii. As the amount of Acanthopanax nnd Artemisia In the cultural media increased, the mycelial growth rate decreased. Especially, addition of Aeantopanax showed marked effect than Artemisia. Moisture contents in three kinds of cultured media were in the range of $10.9{\sim}12.0%$. Crude protein fat and crude fiber content were the highest value in cultured brown rice medium, whereas the mineral contents (Ca, K and P) were higher in the Acanthopanax supplemented (5%) medium than the other media, The extraction yield of the Artemisia supplemented (5%) medium was the highest value of 4.80%, and the pH of hot water extract from cultured brown rice medium showed the lowest value of 6.1. Lightness (L) values in three kinds of extracts from cultured media were in the range of $85.8{\sim}87.1$. Redness (a) value was the highest In the brown rice and Acanthopanax supplemented media, however cultured Artemisia supplemented medium showed the highest value in yellowness (b). In comparison of sugar components analyzed by the thin layer chromatography with three kinds of samples, two spots were detected to be glucose and maltose, respectively. The ACE inhibitory activity of hot water extract from the cultured Acanthopanax supplemented medium showed the highest value at the concentration of $0.2{\sim}1.0\;mg/ml$. These results suggest that the Pleurotus eryngii grew in natural media using brown rice and Acanthopanax can be supplemented to the brown rice medium to enhance its ACE inhibitory activity as health/functional food materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.693-698
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• 2010

In this study, the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of adzuki beans were measured to evaluate their functional properties and to compare them to Daepung and Taekwang. Proximate compositions and mineral contents of the various adzuki beans were not significantly different. A high level of dietary fiber (14.81%) was found in Chilbopat. The extraction yields of Daepung and Taekwang were 38.70 and 34.61%, respectively; however the yields of the various adzuki beans were lower at 13.78-20.76%. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the various adzuki beans were 19.00-34.75 and 12.97-28.95 mg/g, respectively (Daepung: 14.40 and 3.96 mg/g, Taekwang: 10.7 and 2.61 mg/g). High levels of polyphenols (34.75 mg/g) and flavonoids (28.95 mg/g) were found in Miryang 6. The total anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin contents of the various adzuki beans ranged from 5.89-23.77 and 1.83-3.29 mg/g, respectively. A high level of total tocopherol content (7.66 mg/100 g) was found in Yungum-pat. High levels of ABTS radical (2.44 mg TEAC/mg extract residue) and DPPH radical scavenging activities (4.46 mg TEAC/mg extract residue) were found in Miryang 6. A significant correlation was also noted between free radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic compound content. The results of this study suggest that notable antioxidant activities in various adzuki beans could have significant health benefits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1140-1147
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• 2007

A recipe for diet kimchi containing 20% of sea tangle to Korean cabbage kimchi (SK) was developed for weight reduction purpose. The fermentation process of SK showed typical Lactobacillus sp. growth pattern like other kimchis. The effects of SK on weight reduction was studied in high fat diet (HFD) fed rats (n=40). Diet groups used for the animal study were HFD, HFD supplemented either with Korean cabbage kimchi used as experimental control (HCK), or with SK (HSK), or with J-kimchi (JK) which was purchased at market (FJK). The effect of kimchi on preventing obesity in rat fed HFD was found to be obvious by means of reducing visceral fat contents and improving serum lipid profiles through enhancing the lipid excretion in the feces (p<0.05). Leptin concentration of rat was significantly decreased by kimchi consumption (p<0.05). This result can be interpreted that adipocytes in these animals were fewer than that of HFD group. The plasma bililubin concentration was lower in kimchi group than HFD, meaning that returning bile from ileum to the liver was reduced. When the observe beneficial effects of kimchi on preventing obesity were compared among kimchi groups, SK only reduced the relative visceral fat contents significantly than other kimchi groups (p<0.05). Besides this, other parameters such as plasma lipid profiles, feces lipids, leptin, and bililubin concentration were not significantly different, even though the most beneficial effect on these parameters was observed from SK. In conclusion, long term consumption of SK seems to have a beneficial effect on the prevention of obesity through enhancing the excretion of lipids in the feces. The dietary fiber content of SK was increased by 7% compared to CK when 20% of sea tangle was added.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.339-344
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• 2006

A lot of organic wastes have been produced from diverse industries, they must be tested by the regulation of fertilizer control act if reuse the organic wastes for agricultural utilization. The regulation has had only two criteria; the content of organic matter and 8 heavy metals. This study was conducted to evaluation trace element (boron, cobalt, molybdenum, and selenium) and distribution of organic compounds with different classification for complement the regulation in 16 organic waste materials(62 samples) collected from different regions and industries. Contents of boron(leather industry sludge, $154.2mg\;kg^{-1}$; food company sludge, $57.1mg\;kg^{-1}$), cobalt(industrial area sewage sludge, $95.2mg\;kg^{-1}$; metropolitan sewage sludge, $22.9mg\;kg^{-1}$), molybdenum(metropolitan sewage sludge, $40.1mg\;kg^{-1}$; food company sludge, $16.8mg\;kg^{-1}$), selenium (fiber industry sludge, $28.1mg\;kg^{-1}$; leather industry sludge, $16.9mg\;kg^{-1}$; food company sludge, $15.9mg\;kg^{-1}$) were highest compare to the other organic wastes. Total PAHs contents were the highest in paper-mill manufacture($3,462ug\;kg^{-1}$), and among the 16 PAHs, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoroanthene, Anthracene and acenaphthene were detected more clearly than others in all kinds of organic resources.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.617-625
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• 2021

To enhance the applications of apple pomace, which is a by-product of apple, this study analyzed the nutritional components, ursolic acid content, and antioxidant activity of different solvent (distilled water, fermented alcohol, and methanol) extracts. The samples included hot air-dried and freeze-dried apple pomace. The moisture, protein, fat, ash, and total dietary fiber contents of hot air-dried apple pomace were 3.2%, 3.9%, 2.4%, 2.0%, and 28.5%, respectively, and those of freeze-dried apple pomace were 8.2%, 3.4%, 2.4%, 1.8%, and 33.0%, respectively. Ursolic acid was not detected in the distilled water extract of either sample. However, in hot air-dried apple pomace, the methanol extract was 1,753.32 ㎍/ml, and the fermented alcohol extract was 1,532.94 ㎍/ml. In freeze-dried apple pomace, the methanol extract was 1,407.04 ㎍/ml, and the fermented alcohol extract was 1,221.81 ㎍/ml. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 306.7 ㎍/ml and 950.1 ㎍/ml, respectively in methanol extracts of hot air-dried apple pomace and 277.6 ㎍/ml and 925.0 ㎍/ml, respectively in methanol extracts of freeze-dried apple pomace. 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of hot air-dried apple pomace were 73.3% in methanol extract and 59.4% in fermented alcohol extract, and those of freeze-dried apple pomace were 76.1% in methanol extract and 66.0% in fermented alcohol extract. Both samples had the lowest antioxidant activity in distilled water extracts. Similar to DPPH radical scavenging activity, both samples showed increasing 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity in the order of methanol, fermented alcohol, and distilled water. All samples had stronger reducing power than ascorbic acid (311.5 ㎍/ ml) as a positive control.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.232-239
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• 2023

This study was to evaluate the values of Korean native sweet sorghum as a new feed crop for ruminants. Sweet sorghum was the Muan native species (Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science), and cultivated from May to October 2021 at Sangji University (Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea). There were a non-treated group (Con), a recommended amount treatment (RD) and a treatment with double the recommended amount (Double RD) by an oil cake fertilizer. Plant height was measured at weekly intervals for 12 weeks after planting sweet sorghum seedlings, and was a significant difference in the order of Double RD, followed by RD and Con in 7 weeks (p<0.05). Feed values and sugar contents were measured in 7, 9, and 11 weeks. Crude protein of Double RD was higher than that of the other treatments in 7 and 9 weeks (p<0.05). Crude fat was higher at Double RD than the other one in 9 weeks (p<0.05). ADF and NDF of Double RD were higher than the other one (p<0.05). When it was compared to corn and sudangrass hybrids grown on farms, Crude protein was lower in sweet sorghum than other crops (p<0.05), and crude fat was higher in sweet sorghum than corn (p<0.05). Crude fiber, ADF and NDF were higher in sweet sorghum compared to corn and sudangrass (p<0.05). The sugar contents of sweet sorghum were 4.07 ± 0.12~7.63 ± 0.21 brix, and showed higher than corn and sudangrass hybrid (p<0.05). The rumen in situ digestibility of sweet sorghum was 30.73~38.13% at the 9th and 11th weeks, and showed higher than that of corn and sudangrass hybrids (p<0.05). Therefore, it is considered that Korean native sweet sorghum has sufficient value as a new forage crop for ruminants, and good value as yield, nutrients and digestibility, when the grass height is 273.33~332.50 cm.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2016

The physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacities, and sensory optimization of taro (Colocasia esculenta) under different aging conditions were investigated to develop black taro. Black taro was processed in three steps (steaming: $95{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ for 1 h; aging: 85, 90, $95^{\circ}C$ for 20, 40, and 60 h; drying: $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h) and ground into a powder for all experiments. Black taro showed an increased crude fiber content and browning index compared to raw taro. Calcium oxalate contents, reducing sugar contents, moisture contents, and lightness values were decreased during the processing of taro. Improvements in total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) were observed in the black taro samples aged at higher temperature. Response surface methodology was used for sensory optimization, and the optimum aging conditions with the highest acceptance values were found to be $88.73^{\circ}C$ for 39.50 h for taste, and $88.82^{\circ}C$ for 42.60 h for overall acceptance.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 2009

For utilizing Cattail pollen as a raw material for functional foods, the nutrients such as free sugar, free amino acid, fatty acid composition, flavonoid content, and the biological activity within Cattail pollen were measured. The results of proximate analysis within Cattail pollen included the following readings: 12.7-13.2% of moisture, 15.7-17.8% of crude protein, 1.3% of crude fat, 7.5-7.7% of free sugar, 13.7-18.6% of crude fiber, 3.4-4.9% of ash, and 49.7-55.9% of nitrogen free extracts. The composition of free amino acids consisted of 1.923% of T. orientalis, 0.907% of T. angustata, and 0.333% of T. latifolia, which were measurements that varied significantly among different species. However, all species showed considerable portions of GABA alanine, glutamic acid, and proline. Specifically, it was shown that the GABA composition, which is known for increasing immunity while simultaneously lowering blood pressure, exceeded 50%. Therefore, this result implies that Cattail pollens have potential as a powerful utilization for functional foods. The composition of the fatty acids mainly consisted of linoeic, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linolenic acid, and didn't show many variances across different species. Also, the total contents of unsaturated fatty acid were particularly high with a measured ratio of 67.2-76.0% value. Mineral in Cattail pollen was composed of 0.354-0.492% of K, 0.0516-0.0546% of Mg, 0.045-0.0486% of Ca, and 0.0101-0.0204% of Na. Among the Cattail pollens known as anti-oxidants, flavonoid contains 0.169-0.186% of quercetin, and therefore is the largest constituent followed by rutin making up a measurement of 0.0094-0.0147%. For the purpose of the study, the Cattail pollen and its extracts were fed to SC class rats for a span of 4 weeks. Then, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured from the tested rats'serums and the results showed significant variances. Also, the results indicated that the cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood were decreased which in turn led to the conclusion that the cattail pollen can help hyperlipidemia and diabetic treatments.