• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2011

Cheonggukjang tablet was prepared by addition of medicinal herb extracts (from Lentinus edodes, Codonopsis lanceolata, or Houttuynia cordata Thunb.) to improve its quality and functional properties. Lightness and yellowness (measured using Hunter's color values) were generally increased with increasing amount of medicinal herb extracts, whereas pH decreased. In proximate composition, the levels of crude protein, lipid and fiber levels of Cheonggukjang tablet decreased with increasing amount of added medicinal herb extracts, whereas moisture and crude ash were increased. The major amino acid of Cheonggukjang tablet were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and the principal fatty acids of Cheonggukjang tablet were linolenic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid, respectively. Hardness levels of Cheonggukjang tablet decreased with increasing amounts of added medicinal herb extracts. The Cheonggukjang tablet added with medicinal herb extracts increased both crude saponin and quercetin contents. Sensory score of Cheonggukjang tablet containing 20% (w/v) medicinal herb extracts were optimal in terms of both quality characteristics and sensory evaluation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2011

This study was performed for development of Haetsun Bibimbam as local food and estimated nutritional value of Haetsun Bibimbam. Preference on Bibimbab materials of 503 subjects was surveyed to select ingredients of Haetsun Bibimbab except for Haetsun vegetables. As results of survey, soybean sprout, carrot, shiitake mushroom, and green pumpkin were selected as ingredients of Haetsun Bibimbab. Overall preference of Haetsun Bibimbab made by the ratio of 1:1 of selected ingredients : Haetsun vegetables and 1:1:1 of Acanthopanacis cortex : Kalopanax pictus : Aralia elata was the highest among the samples. As a results of nutritional estimation, total amount and calorie of Haetsun Bibimbab were 404 g and 463.7 kcal, respectively. It contained 16.48 g of protein. 13.99 g of fat, 75.93 g of carbohydrate and 3.1 g crude fiber. The mineral contents of Haetsun Bibimbab shows 91.11 mg of calcium, 133.91 mg of phosphorous, 2.66 mg of iron, 1.314.66 mg of sodium and 444.791 mg of potassium.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.709-716
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal cooking conditions for astringent persimmon concentrates. With increasing time of concentration, the moisture contents and L-, a- and b-values all decreased, whereas the brix level and viscosity increased. The crude protein, fiber and ash increased and the vitamin C decreased by concentrating. The pH was the lowest at 23 hrs of boiling concentration. With longer boiling concentration time, the fructose, glucose, and sucrose levels increased but the maltose level decreased. The DPPH radical scavenging effects of astringent persimmon concentrates were more than 92%. The total phenolics, flavanol tannin, leucoanthocyanin, and chlorogenic acid levels increased with longer boiling concentration time. In the sensory evaluation of the astringent persimmon concentrates, overall acceptability was the best at the 23-hr boiling concentration. From the above results, the 23-hr boiling, astringent persimmon concentrates could be useful for cooking in terms of obtaining the high amounts of phenolic compounds as functional compounds and overall acceptability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.609-614
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• 2006

Quality changes in mustard leaf kimchi were investigated during storage for 60 days at $5^{\circ}C$. As the storage period changed from 0 to 60 days, the pH and reducing sugar content of mustard leaf kimchi decreased, while the total acidity and hunter's color increased. The vitamin C content in mustard leaf kimchi decreased gradually from 10 to 30 days and then markedly increased after 40 days. The total dietary fiber content and antioxidative activity were significantly higher in fresh mustard leaf kimchi than in fermented kimchi. The major volatile components of mustard leaf and mustard leaf kimchi were determined to be allyl isothiocyanate, 3-butenyl isothiocyanate and phenylethyl isothiocyanate. The contents of allyl isothiocyanate and phenylethyl isothiocyanate, the two major functional components, in mustard leaf kimchi were determined to be 43.72 and $36.17\;{\mu}g/g$ dry weight basis, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2005

Lipid and protein contents in whole soybean seeds have negative correlation (r=-0.693**), however, these components in seed coat showed positive correlation (r=0.746**). Fatty acids in whole soybean seeds were higher in the order of $C_{18:2}>C_{18:1}>C_{16:0}>C_{18:3}>C_{18:0}$, while those of seed coat were higher in the order of $C_{18:3}>C_{18:2}>C_{18:0}>C_{16:0}>C_{18:1}$. The average content of total amino acid in twenty Korean soybean varieties was 38,938.7 mg/100 g, while that of seed coat was 4,418.4 mg/100g. Glutamic acid showed the highest composition rate $(16.4\%)$ in whole soybean seeds, while glycine was the highest in seed coat and their composition rate was $23.8\%$. The surface of shiny-lustre seed coats was smooth and their pore size was observed smaller than dull-lustre ones. Significant quadratic regression was observed among seed coat lightness, seed coat thickness, protein, lipid, unsaturated fatty acid and crude fiber. Fucose, rhamnose, glucose, mannose, galactose, arabinose and xylose were detected as a neutral mono-saccharides in the seed coats. The arabinose and xylose showed significant correlation with seed coat lightness. The unsaturated fatty acid was significantly correlated with seed coat lightness (r=0.726**). Water absorption rate was low in the thick seed coat varieties, but the rate was high in the shiny seed coat varieties. From the obtained results, it was considered that the thinner and brighter seed coat varieties were much favorable to increase the water absorption rate than thicker and darker seed coat ones.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.147-150
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• 2002

To investigate the effects of Harvesting time and additives on the quality of peanut silage, the silage was mixed in combination with peanut leaf and stem, rice and barley straw, inoculant etc. Harvesting time at peanut growth stage was the best at 90 days after flowering with 30 branches,81 g of 100-seed weight, and 77% of shelling rate with low diseases in leaf and stem. By delay of harvest, diseases and lodging were increased. The yield of forage was the highest at 90 days after flowering as 52 t/ha, and seed yield was at 110 days as 3.72 t/ha. The yields between forage yield and seed yield ($r^2$=0.62$^{**}$) were correlated positively. The value of silage as a forage came over 90 days after flowering in combination with peanut leaf+stem+vice straw+inoculant treatment. The treatment was increased dry matter (DM) yield and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the coarse protein (CP), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of silage in comparing with control (peanut leaf+stem). The pH at the organic matter contents of silage in combination of peanut leaf+stem+rice straw+lactic acid treatment was 5.04 to 5.10, the content of butyric and lactic acid were 3.12 to 4.64%, 2.07 to 7.34%, respectively.y.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.350-350
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• 2017

The study was conducted to evaluate differences of growth characteristics of rice cultivated in two different regions (Cheonan and Jeonju). It focused on nutritional composition and anti-nutritional factors of rice straw produced from 21 rice varieties including GM rice (Iksan 483). The range of general nutrition ingredient is that crude was 0.97 ~ 3.2 %, carbohydrate was 67.45 ~ 80.01 %, crude protein was 1.46 ~ 4.81 %, crude ash was 6.52 ~ 18.96 %, crude fiber was 25.77 ~ 40.02 %, NDF was 51.84 ~ 67.77 %, ADF was 27.11 ~ 40.44 %, calcium was 0.49 ~ 5.18 mg/g and phosphorous was 0.26 ~ 2.77 mg/g. The general nutritional contents of GM rice were included above range. The range of phytic acid of rice straws cultivated in Cheonan and Jeonju was 0 ~ 0.056 mg/ml and 0 ~ 0.059 mg/ml, respectively. The phytic acid content of GM was 0.033 mg/ml, which was in the range of the content of rice straw in Cheonan and Jeonju. The range of trypsin inhibitor of rice straws cultivated in Cheonan and Jeonju was 0.061 ~ 0.461 TIU/mg and 0 ~ 1.278 TIU/mg, respectively. The trypsin acid content of GM was 0.461 TIU/mg, which was in the range of the content of rice straw in Cheonan and Jeonju. In addition, we investigated microbial community from each soil sample by using metagenomics sequencing based on rRNA microbial diversity in order to inspect indirect changes of soil environment with cultivation of GM rice. Metagenomics analysis was carried out using soil samples cultivated with GM and non-GM rice for before transplanting, young panicle differentiation stage, heading stage, and ripening stage. Beta diversity of microbial community in both soil environments were calculated by using Bray-Curtis distance method and showed low value with an average of 0.24 (dissimilarity = 1). As a result, it was confirmed that the cultivation of GM does not give a significant effect on the change of microbial composition in soil. Therefore, Our study demonstrates that there is no difference in the composition of soil microorganism due to GM and non-GM rice.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.407-416
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to investigate the feed value of dried aloe leaf meal and the changes of blood values in growing pigs A total of 48 three crossbred pig(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Hampshire) weighing average 25kg initially were randomly distributed into 12 groups of 4 heads(2 females and 2 males) each There groups were alloted on one of the following 3 dietary treatment : non-supplumented diet (control group), diet supplemented with 3% of dried aloe leaf meal(Aloe 3% group), diet supplemented with 6% dried aloe leaf meal(Aloe 6% group). The results obstained in feeding trial for 6 weeks and analysis of blood were summarized as follows : 1. In the chemical composition of dried aloe leaf meal contents of crude protein and crude ash were 9.43% and 15.10%, respectively. Amino acid composition was also inferior to other grain and bran feeds. 2. Daily gain of control, Aloe 3% and 6% groups were 740.5, 658.1 and 197.1 g respectively. Three were significant difference in daily gain among groups( p<0.05) and tended to be decreased with increasing levels of dried aloe leaf meal. 3. Daily feed intake of control, Aloe 3% and Aloe 6% groups were 1,960.5, 1,737.0 and 1,123.0 g, respectively. There were significant differences in daily feed intake among treatments(p<0.05) and tended to be decreased with increasing levels of dried aloe leaf meal. 4. Feed efficiency of control, Aloe 3% and Aloe 6% groups were 2.72, 2.63 and 5.70 respectively. Feed efficiency for pig fed diet supplemented with 3% of dried aloe leaf meal was a little superior to control, although no statistical difference was obstained between two treatments. 5. The digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen free extract and extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher for control group than for Aloe 3% and Aloe 6% groups. But there were no significant differences in digestibility of crude fat and crude fiber between control and Aloe 3% groups. 6. There were no difference between aloe leaf meal administrated groups and control group in blood picture and serum chemistry.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 1962

This treatise is to analyze the chemical components in the mulberry varieties which are cultured in Korea and to estimate the nutritive values for them. Some of these varieties were developed lately in this country just by the general breeding aspect of mulberry leaf producing and silkworm raising experimentation without analysing the nutritive values of them which may be differed by various culturing condition. This work will be helpful for the improvement of mulberry varieties and the correct judgement of them. The varieties used for the analysis are as followings; A. Morus bombycis Koridz species. 1.Ichi-Hei. 2. Shimano-Uchi B. Morus alba L. species. 3. Kairyo-Nezumigaeshi. 4. Suwon-Daeyop. 5. Suwon No. 3. 6. Suwon No. 4. 7. Yongchon-Chuwoo. C. Morus Ihou (Ser.) Koidz species. 8. Ro-Soh. The specimens were eventually taken under the air and soil dry season because of the rain shortage during the sampling period and the results are found as a rather different from the normal specimen under the normal climate. Therefore, this treatise will be an important report on a special culturing condition and the nutritive values by the mulberry varieties, and still comparable because they were grown under the same condition. The individual conclusions are; 1. Yongchon-Chuwoo which was originated in this country, was found as an important variety for this country from the aspect of mulberry nutritive value and leaf producing amount, and it is believed that this is the best suitable variety for the soil of Korea. 2. Ichi-Hei occupies the better situation as well as Yongchon-Chuwoo from the nutritive criticizing even though it was originated in Japan. 3. The lately developed Suwon No.3 and No.4 are best from the leaf producing point of view, but they are not found such a good varieties from the nutritive aspect. The result may be happened as poor because they were cut before spring sprout started. 4. Ro-Soh which was normally recognized as a poor variety, was also found as a poor nutritive and leaf producing variety. 5. The crude protein and crude fat components in the mulberry leaves decreased as the leaf maturity was progressed, but the crude fiber and crude ash components increased reversively in general view. It was also found that there were some specific changing nature by the mulberry varieties and could not rule them by just one conclusion. 6. During the air and soil dry season, the ash component increases but the hydrocarbon and moisture contents decrease considerably, and which resulted to the increase of mulberry hardness ratio and the decrease of sugar-protein ratio, eventually it causes the decrease of the nutritive value. It was also found that Ichi-Hei, Ro-Soh, and Suwon No. 3 had a strong recovering nature to their normal nutritive condition after raining. 7. Mulberry is of course a rich calorie diet, and is calculated as 50 to 60 Cal. per gram.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.873-882
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• 2008

Eight ileally cannulated pigs (BW $35.9{\pm}0.9kg$) were randomly allotted according to a $4{\times}3$ Latin square design to determine the effects of cellulose, pectin and starch on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) as well as on the bacterial AA contribution in feces. The pigs were fed the control diet (20.2% CP, % dry matter (DM)) or one of the three experimental diets in which 25% of the control diet was substituted by cellulose, starch or pectin. Due to this substitution, dietary CP levels were lower in the cellulose (15.5% CP, % DM), pectin (15.4% CP, % DM) and starch diet (15.2% CP, % DM). Following a 15-d adaptation period, feces were collected for 5 d and ileal digesta for a total of 24 h. Starch increased SID of CP, while cellulose and pectin had no significant effect on the digestibility of CP. Overall, starch supplementation resulted in higher (p<0.05) SID values of histidine, isoleucine, threonine, alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glycine and serine compared with cellulose, while pectin decreased (p<0.05) SID of valine and proline compared with the starch and control diet. Both cellulose and pectin reduced (p<0.05) the ATTD of CP and AA, while starch decreased (p<0.05) ATTD of phenylalanine, alanine, proline and serine compared with the control. With regard to bacterial AA composition of the fecal mixed bacterial mass (MBM), cellulose supplementation increased (p<0.05) its content of N and almost all AA, except for valine, while pectin caused higher contents of arginine, histidine and proline compared with the control (p<0.05). The bacterial contribution of arginine in feces was higher (p<0.05) in the cellulose treatment, while pectin reduced (p<0.05) the bacterial contribution of leucine, alanine, glutamic acid and proline in feces compared with the control. In conclusion, the effects of cellulose, starch and pectin on SID were rather small. Bacterial activity in the large intestine can only explain the reduced ATTD values for arginine in the cellulose treatment, but not for the other AA in the cellulose and pectin treatments, suggesting higher endogenous losses of these AA in the large intestine.