• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.7-10
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the nodakenin and decursin contents in each fermented Angelicae gigantis Radix by 4 species of ferment strains. Methods : The strains of fermented Angelicae gigantis Radix were Lactobacillus plantarum(SE1), L. acidophilus(AC), Bacillus subtilis(B2) and B. licheniformis(BL2). The fermentative changes of nodakenin and decursin were analyzed using HPLC. Results : All of 4 species strains reduced nodakenin and decursin concentration in Angelicae gigantis Radix by fermentation. But fermentability were difference between strains. The nodakenin concentration of AC was lower than B2. The decursin concentrations of SE1 and AC were lower than B2 and BL2. Conclusions : 4 species of fermental strain were difference decomposable rate with nodakenin and decursin in fermented Angelicae gigantis Radix.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2010

The Chongmyung-tang (CMT) has been used as an oriental herbal medicine for the purpose of enhanced learning and memory. Recently, since fermentation may give a positive effect on pharmacological actions of herbal medicine, many studies are focused to find fermented medicinal herbs with improved bioactivity. In the present study, memory enhancing, antioxidant and reducing power activity of CMT and fermented CMT with Aspergillus oryzae (FCMT-A) or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (FCMT-S) were determined. To evaluate the memory enhancing activities of CMT, FCMT-A and FCMT-S, we performed passive avoidance test using scopolamine induced amnesia model. Administration of CMT, FCMT-A and FCMT-S showed a significant memory enhancing effect about 72.5, 78.3, 71.8% of the normal group respectively. CMT, FCMT-A and FCMT-S also exhibited strong $DPPH{\bullet}$, ${\bullet}{O_2}^-$, $NO^{\codt}$, $ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$ scavenging activities and reducing ower. It was also found that fermented CMT has slightly higher scavenging activities on $DPPH{\bullet}$, $ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$ radicals compared to CMT. These results revealed that CMT, FCMT-A and FCMT-S had memory enhancing and radical scavenging activities. In addition, the fermentation of CMT was more or less important for elevated memory enhancing and antioxidant activities of CMT.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.149-155
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• 2010

Objective : Ssangwha-tang is a traditional medicine formula widely prescribed for a decrease of fatigue after an illness in Korea. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Ssangwha-tang fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum (SF) on osteoclast differentiation in vitro and on bone metabolism of an ovariectomized rat in vivo. Methods : Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and staining were applied to evaluate the formation of osteoclasts. Ovariectomized rats were orally administrated with SF (30 ml/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, phosphate, calcium levels were determined. Effect of SF on bone loss were studied by histological analysis and the measurement of bone mineral density. Results : SF significantly inhibited tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and formation of osteoclasts in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by receptor activator for nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) ligand (RANKL). In addition, SF significantly decreased the level of triglyceride and increased the level of low-density lipoprotein. Moreover, the decrease of trabeculae of the femur was partially prevented in ovariectomized rats administrated with SF. Conclusions : SF treatment could prevent ovariectomy induced bone loss and its effects could be medicated by the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2018

Isoflavone itself is less available in the body without the aid of intestinal bacteria. In this study, we searched for isoflavone-transforming bacteria from human fecal specimens (n = 14) using differential selection media. Isoflavone-transforming activity as the production of dihydrogenistein and dihydrodaidzein was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography and we found Lactobacillus rhamnosus, named L. rhamnosus vitaP1, through 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Extract from Pueraria lobata (EPL) and soy hypocotyl extract were fermented with L. rhamnosus vitaP1 for 24 and 48 h at $37^{\circ}C$. Fermented EPL (FEPL) showed enhanced anti-tyrosinase activity and antioxidant capacities, important suppressors of the pigmentation process, compared with that of EPL (p < 0.05). At up to $500{\mu}g/ml$ of FEPL, there were no significant cell cytotoxicity and proliferation on B16-F10 melanoma cells. FEPL ($100{\mu}g/ml$) could highly suppress the content of melanin and melanosome formation in B16-F10 cells. In summary, Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1 was found to be able to biotransform isoflavones in EPL. FEPL showed augmented anti-melanogenic potential.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1293-1298
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a mixture of fermented Artemisiae Argi Folium and fermented Sophorae Radix (FAS) on hydrogen peroxide production within mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 with ethanol (EtOH) and nicotine. Artemisiae Argi Folium is known to have the antibacterial, immune-enhancing properties. And Sophorae Radix is also known to have the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic properties. EtOH and nicotine are the ones of toxicants which could impair immunocytes like macrophage. EtOH and nicotine reduce the intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) of Raw 264.7. FAS increased the production of hydrogen peroxide reduced by EtOH and nicotine within Raw 264.7. These results indicate that FAS could restore the immuno-activity of macrophage impaired by EtOH and nicotine.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.374-378
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate enhanced effect of fermented Galgeun tang (GGT) and Ssanghwa tang (SHT) on the anti-platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation assay was performed In vitro using human platelet rich plasma(PRP) and In vivo using SD-rat plasma by platelet aggregometer. Pharmacodynamic parameters, $E_{max}$ and $EC_{50}$, were calculated using Winnolin. SD-rats administered 1 g/kg of oriental medicine every 12 hr for 8 days. Platelet aggregation was measured by optical method with collagen inducer (4 ${\mu}g$/ml). In In vitro anti-platelet study, $EC_{50}$ of GGT-A was lower than that of GGT-con about 79.13 ${\mu}g$/ml. And $EC_{50}$ of SHT-A and SHT-B was lower than that of SHT-con about 122.73 and 110.15 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. It is assumed that fermented GGT and SHT were more effective than original medicine. In multiple administration study, anti-platelet effect was significantly increased both GGT and SHT. Fermented GGT and SHT were more effective than original herbal medicine on anti-platelet aggregation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.881-887
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• 2012

This study was designed to examine influence of bacteria and herbal applications of Lonicerae Flos on the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells. The HCT-116 human intestinal cell was used as an in vivo model of "leaky gut". Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) was used to induce an increase in the permeability of epithelial cell tight junctions. Probiotics including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Salomonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were used to evaluate bacterial influence on the intestinal epithelial cells. Herbal extract Lonicerae Flos was also assessed to find out what kind of effects it has when used alone or fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum. The permeability of intestinal cell lines was assessed using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and horseradish peroxide (HRP) assessments. This data provides evidence for the probiotic benefits of intestinal permeability. The data also provides promising evidence of herbal effects on reducing intestinal permeability, especially when fermented with probiotics.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.254-255
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• 2011

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to verify the stability of nutrient composition by using herbal medicine by-products as an alternative food source and to examine the growth effect on Protaeria brevitarsis seulensis larvae. As a result of comparing the nutritional components of food source, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash content, except crude fiber content, was high in both non-fermented and fermented medicinal herbal by-products. Especially, crude protein content was highest. Cadmium, lead, mercury, and other heavy metals were not detected and thus stability as alternative food was confirmed. The growth comparison based on the feeding sources showed no significant difference between the fermented oak sawdust fed control group and the herbal medicine by-products fed laboratory group from week 1 to week 3. The weight of a 4 week larva was 0.137 g in the control group and 0.671 g in the laboratory group and so began to reveal differences at a significant level (p<0.05). As a result of comparing weights of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae according to the level of herbal medicine by-product addition, HMB40 recorded the heaviest weight in week 7. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in each body weights of HMB40 and HMB80 at week 5 (p<0.05). These results indicate that if the shipping date of an edible insect is a third instar larva, it arrives at the time of shipment at week 5. Thus feeding HMB40 and HMB80 at the 5th week is the most effective.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects water extract of fermented new korean medicinal mixture, combinations of Mori Folium, Adenophorae Radix, Phllostachyos Folium and Citri Pericarpium (F-MAPC), on adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis and glucose uptake using undiffernentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myoblasts. Methods : Each herb and those mixture were respectively fermented and then extracted with water. We carried on MTT assay for check-up on cell toxicity, Oil Red O staining for determination of cell differentiation and intracelluar adipogenesis. Western blot analysis for measurement of pAMPK and pACC, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and Glut-4 protein expressions were performed. Results : F-MAPC showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes without affecting cell toxicity as assessed by measuring fat accumulation, and this effect was 2 fold higher in 0.2 mg/ml F-MAPC than that of the same dose of each fermented herbal extract alone. In addition, these effects were associated with modulation of adipogenic transcription factors, such as $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$, as well as stimulated phosphorylations of AMPK and ACC. Translocation of Glut-4 was significantly increased by 10.2% in L6 cells treated with 0.2 mg/ml F-MAPC compared with that of control. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that F-MAPC may be an ideal candidate for therapy of obesity and diabetes by disturbing the differentiation into adipocytes, as well as the inducement of intramuscular glucose uptake from blood.