• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.187-197
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of long-term care insurance(LTCI) settlement on life satisfaction of female caregivers for the elderly. In September of 2013, we conducted a survey of 300 female subjects over 65 years old living in Jeonju. For empirical verification, ${\chi}^2$, t-test and regression under control of socio-economic variables were applied to determine whether LTCI settlements changed the level of life satisfaction of female caregivers. First, the results showed that caregivers who were not covered by LTCI had higher healthy life satisfaction than those covered with LTCI. Second, life satisfaction of female caregivers is higher when income and education levels are higher. Third, LTCI settlement did not affect five sub factors of caregivers' life satisfaction. The results suggested that LTCI policy should cover not only the insured but also caregivers'physical and mental aspects.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.362-373
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• 1998

This study was designed and undertaken to identify the degree of burden of family caregivers for patients who had a stroke as the burden is related to the ADL of the patients. The data were collected from October 3rd, 1997 to March 20th, 1998. The subjects in this study were 126 caregivers as family members and 126 patients with strokes who were hospitalized in two oriental medicine hospitals and four general hospitals located in Taegue and Pusan City. The questionnaires consisted of questions regarding burden(25 items) of caregivers and ADL (25 items) of patients with strokes. Data were analyzed using percentages, mean, t - test and ANOV A done with the SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The score for family caregiver's burden was higher than the middle score. 2. The family caregivers' age had statistically significant differences in the degree of burden. 3. The age and sex of patients affected the burden of caregivers significantly. That is, caregivers felt more of a burden when caring for the patient group in their sixties than in any other age group and female patients created more of a burden than male patients. 4. There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of caregiver burden according to the level of patient ADL.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.585-595
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the predictors of burnout among informal caregivers of older adults. One hundred thirty seven caregivers who had provided care to older adults over 60 years of age for more than one month were included in the study. Most of the caregivers were white (91%) and female (78%). Mean ages of the caregivers were 64 years and 78% of them were married. Seventy percent of the older adults suffered from Alzheimer and related disease. In this study, caregivers reported that they experienced burnout once a month. The scores of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment of the caregivers were in the moderate burnout range. To examine the predictors of burnout, discriminant analysis was used. Caregivers were divided by two groups based on the sum of scores (cutpoint＝6) on three dimensions of burnout after each dimension was categorized into high(3), moderate(2), and low(1). Nine predictors were included in the analysis : Caregiver's age, employment status, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) of the older adult, presence of dementia of the older adult, caregiver's empathy toward the older adult (emotional and cognitive), and 3 coping strategies (negative, problem-focused, cognitive reconstructioning). Caregivers who reported high burnout showed higher cognitive empathy toward the older adults than those who showed low burnout. Caregivers who experienced high burnout used negative coping more often, and cognitive reconstructioning coping and problem focused coping less often than their counterparts. Wilks' Lambda was .78 indicating that differences between the two groups were significant. Cognitive empathy and cognitive reconstructioning coping showed high standardized canonical discriminat function coefficients over .40. Discriminant function with 9 predictors correctly classified 71% of the sample. In conclusion, informal caregivers also experienced certain level of burnout. Cognitive empathy and coping strategies predicted burnout experience of the caregivers. Based on this study, nursing intervention to the informal caregivers to improve their cognitive empathy toward the older adults and to modify their coping strategies in a way to reduce burnout experience can be applied. Further research to develop effective nursing interventions for the purpose of reducing burnout experience by modifying predictors was suggested.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.853-867
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• 1996

This study was designed and undertaken to identify the degree of burden and depression in family caregivers of patients with stroke and to determine whether burden was directly related to depression. The data were collected from October 23th to November 20th, 1995. The subjects in this study were 80 caregivers, that is, one family member and 80 patients with stroke who were hospitalized in one oriental medicine hospital located in Taejon City. The questionnaires consisted of questions regarding burden(13 item, 6 point scale) and depression(20 item, 4 point scale). Data were analyzed using percentages, means, t-test, ANOVA and Peason-correlation coefficients, done with the SAS program. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The score for family caregiver's burden was higher than the mid level for the 13 items. 2. The score for of family caregiver's depression was relatively low. 3. The relationship between burden and depression showed a significant inverse correlation. 4. In the relationships between total burden and general characteristics of the family caregivers : there were no significant differences. But, in the relationship between objective burden and general characteristics of the family caregivers ; age and education had statistically significant differences. That is, the 40's group felt more objective burden than any other age group and the high education group more than the illiterate group. 5. In the relationship between depression and general characteristics of the family caregivers ; sex, education and monthly income had statistically significant differences. That is, female caregivers felt more depression than males, and the lower the level of education and the lower the monthly income, the higher the degree of depression. 6. In the relationships between burden and general charateristics of the stroke patients, only subjective burden according to the patients' sex was significantly different. That is, caregivers felt more subjective burden when caring for male patients than for female patients. 7. In the relationships between depression and general charateristics of the stroke patients, only the patients' economic status showed a statistically significant difference. That is, caregivers felt more depression in case of patients' low economic status.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.701-716
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the burden and caregiving satisfaction of primary family caregivers of older adults with dementia, and to identify cultural predictors and non-cultural predictors of burden and caregiving satisfaction. This study included 112 primary family caregivers of community-dwelling older adults with dementia who utilized 13 dementia day care centers in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected by survey questionnaires. The majority of the primary caregivers were female (81%) and daughters-in-law (46%). The mean burden score was 49.4 and the mean caregiving safisfaction score was 42.3. Regression analyses revealed that the significant predictors of primary caregivers' burden were the non-cultural factors of caregiver's perceived health (β= .421, p= .049) and care recipient's memory and behavioral problems (β= .183, p= .041). The cultural factor of familism (β= .466, p= .005) was the only significant predictor of caregiving satisfaction. There is more need to develop programs which improve caregiver's burden and caregiving satisfaction. Strategies to increase caregiver's utilization of the programs also need to be developed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.196-204
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done in order to examine the differences in gender respect to care burden, fatigue, and life contentment of family caregivers of elderly with dementia. Methods: The setting of the study was a community-based dementia care center providing daycare services. One hundred ninety four caregivers were recruited for the survey. A structured questionnaire was used which included demographic information, care burden, fatigue, and general contentment scales. Caregivers were classified into 4 groups by gender relationship with care recipients. Results: The majority of the caregivers were middle-aged and elderly. More than twice as many were female rather than male caregivers. The results showed that women caregivers expressed more fatigue than men overall (p < .05). In the gender relationships, a different combination of man-woman appeared to have more burdens than that of a woman-woman group (p < .05). For fatigue, the man caregiver-woman elderly group showed a higher fatigue score than a woman-man group (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in life contentment among groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that caregiver's gender and gender relationship with elders could be considerable factors when the nurses make a plan in the community for dementia nursing management services.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.131-138
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• 2016

Objectives : To assess and compare the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment of depression in Cancer patient's Home Caregivers. Methods : Total 60 cases in Cancer patient's Home Caregivers, who fulfilled the study's eligibility criteria, were recruited and observed(N=40). The individuals were assigned into two groups, the Acupuncture group(N=20) and Control group(N=20). Changes in their Hamilton Depression rating Scale indices, were statistically compared before and after treatment in order to investigate the effectiveness of treatment. Results : 70% Home Caregivers were female and 30% were male, half of the Home Caregivers was patient's spouse or partner and employee. After 6 weeks, Acupuncture group seems to show reduction in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. On the other hand after 8 weeks Control group do not show reduction in the Hamilton Depression rating Scale. Conclusions : The results suggest that acupuncture treatment may provide short-term relief of depressive symptoms in Home Caregivers for Cancer patients. Findings from this non-randomized trial should be interpreted with caution.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to describe 1) the prevalence of caregiving among adult men and women in Korea and 2) the characteristics of caregiving context. The main results were as follows: 1) About 1 in 6 adults reported that they provided care for the relatives and friends during the previous year. 2) The proportion of male to female caregivers was similar, indicating a higher prevalence of male involvement than previous studies indicated. Yet, the relationships to care recipients and types of care were found to be different by gender of caregiver 3) Adult caregivers are most likely to provide care for the elderly, but continue to provide care for younger persons as well. 4) A nontrivial proportion of the respondents reported providing care for more than one person, suggesting the need to pay special attention to these multiple caregivers.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to examine the factors affecting bodily pain in women in their middle to older age who are caregivers of stroke patients. Methods: This study selected 75 stroke inpatients and 75 female caregivers in their middle to older age from five hospitals in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. Measurements included general characteristics, cognitive function, upper limb function, and activities of daily living of stroke patients, and general characteristics and bodily pain for the caregivers. We used stepwise multiple regression analysis to determine the factors affecting the bodily pain and Pearson's correlation analysis to confirm the correlation. Results: The factors affecting bodily pain in women in their middle to older age caregivers were the activities of daily living(${\beta}=-.489$, p<.001) and caregiver duration(${\beta}=-.309$, p=.003)($R^2=.276$). Correlation analysis showed that the activities of daily living, upper limb function, and cognitive function of stroke patients were significantly correlated (r=.434~.751, p<.001). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the functional level of stroke patients being cared for and the caregiver duration are important variables for reducing bodily pain in women in their middle to older age.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Purposes: Family living with dementia patients have the burden for caring and suffer from health problems. Therefore, proper supports for their health disorders are required. The purpose of this study with regard to this is to subdivide unmet healthcare needs of family living with dementia patients into affordability, accommodation, and accessibility and figure out the relevant factors. Methodology: The 2017 Community Health Survey was used, and 2,331 families living with dementia patients was included. To figure out the factors with regard to the types of unmet healthcare needs, multinominal logistic regression analysis was conducted. Findings: According to the analysis result, sex, age, monthly household income, economic activity, self-rated health, self-rated stress and perception of depressive symptoms turned out to be the factors related to unmet healthcare needs. Regarding affordability, unmet healthcare needs were low when the object was female, over 65, highly educated, and monthly household income were high. On the other hand, unmet healthcare needs was high when self-rated health was bad, self-rated stress was high, and had depression. With regard to accommodation, unmet healthcare needs were low when the object was over 65. Unmet healthcare needs were high when the object was female, economically active and had depression, and self-rated health was high. Regarding accessibility, unmet healthcare needs were low when the object was high school graduate, but it was high when self-rated health was bad. Practical Implication: This study confirmed that the family with dementia patients had a high proportion of unmet healthcare needs due to affordability and accommodation. The existing main discussion was that the experience of unmet healthcare needs normally occurred due to economic reasons, but a consideration on various cases and factors is required to ultimately achieve the policy goal to reduce the unmet healthcare needs of the family living with dementia.