• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1577-1583
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• 2014

Encapsulation is a method used to protect material from certain undesirable environments, for controlled release at a more favorable time and place. Animal productivity would be enhanced if feed additives are delivered to be utilized at their site of action, bypassing the rumen where they are likely to be degraded by microbial action. A novel method of encapsulation with sesame gum was used to coat nitrate, a known enteric methane mitigating agent, and tested for the effect on methane reduction and other in vitro fermentation parameters using rumen fluid from cannulated Hanwoo steers. Orchard grass was used as basal diet for fermentation. The treatments were matrix (1.1 g sesame gum+0.4 g sesame oil cake) only, encapsulated nitrate (matrix+nitrate [21 mM]), free nitrate (21 mM), and a control that contained no additive. Analyses of fermentation parameters were done at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 h time periods. In comparison to control, both free and encapsulated nitrate produced significantly reduced (p<0.01) methane (76% less) and also the total volatile fatty acids were reduced. A significantly higher (p<0.01) concentration of ammonia nitrogen was obtained with the encapsulated nitrate treatment (44%) compared to the free form (28%) and matrix only (20%) (p = 0.014). This might suggest slow release of encapsulated nitrate so that it is fully reduced to ammonia. Thus, this pioneering study found a significant reduction in methane production following the use of sesame gum encapsulated nitrate that shows the potential of a controlled release system in enhancing sustainability of ruminant production while reducing/eliminating the risk of nitrite toxicity.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.818-827
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• 2016

This study hypothesized that dietary feed additive containing probiotics alter either immune-related serum substances or serum metabolites in Hanwoo heifers. A probiotic treatment was given at 0.5% top-dressing of concentrate diet for 6 months. The change of immunological indicators in the blood was analyzed under LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) challenge. One day before administration of LPS, all heifers were fitted with an indwelling jugular vein catheter for serial blood collections. Both a serum tube and an EDTA-coated tube were collected at 30-min intervals from - 2 to 8 hours relative to the LPS challenge at time 0 ($1{\mu}g/kg$ of BW). Serum was used for analyzing albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), phosphorus (IP), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Plasma was used for analyzing white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT) and inflammation-related factors (NE, LY, MO, EO, BA, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, MPV). There were significant differences in ALB, GLU, TG, IP, and NEFA concentration with the passage of hours post challenge (p < 0.05). The level of ALB, GLU, TG, and IP showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between treatments. However, none of the data showed interaction between time and treatments (p > 0.05). The level of WBC, EO, LY, and MO were reduced after LPS challenge (p > 0.05). In conclusion, LPS challenge after dietary supplementation of probiotics changed the levels of both serum metabolites and inflammation-related factors. The increase of GLU and TG indicated a probiotics-positive response under LPS challenge (p < 0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2001

In a balance experiment with rats either 0, 25 or 50% of the crude protein (CP) provided as casein in the control diet was replaced with cassava leaves (CL) (Manihot esculenta Crantz) or sweet potato vines (SPV) (Ipomoea balala). CL were either sun-dried or oven-dried at $60^{\circ}C$ or $105^{\circ}C$ or ensiled, while the SPY were either sun-dried or ensiled. The experiment included 3 blocks with 30 rats in each and six individuals per treatment group. Drying at $105^{\circ}C$ resulted in a reduction of the lysine (Lys) content, suggestive of the occurrence of Maillard reactions. Ensiling CL and SPV slightly decreased the CP. content as well as the sum of essential amino acids. The apparent fecal CP digestibility (dCP) and nitrogen retention were negatively affected by increasing the level of replacement (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). The impaired amino acid profile observed when drying CL at $105^{\circ}C$ was found to be related to a slight decrease in dCP (p<0.001) as well as N retention (p<0.005). The effects of sun-drying and oven-drying in reducing the HCN content in CL were more potent than when ensiling. By increasing the total dietary HCN supply serum thiocyanide level, as well as urinary thiocyanate and linamarin output, were increased, with a weak relationship between them. Sun-drying and ensiling with cane molasses as additive successfully preserved the nitrogenous constituents and could be a means of preserving fresh green feed under tropical conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 1999

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Kemzyme, phytase, yeast and a combination of Kemzyme, phytase and yeast (KPY) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient utilizability and the nutrients excretion in broiler chicks. Experimental diets based on corn-soybean meal were supplemented with 0.05% Kemzyme, 0.1% phytase, 0.1% yeast, 0.25% KPY (0.05% Kemzyme + 0.1% phytase + 0.1% yeast), respectively. Each treatment had six replicates of six male birds each. A total of 180 Arbor Ares broiler chicks were fed these diets for a period of six weeks. Numerically better body weight gain was found in chicks fed Kemzyme, phytase, yeast of KPY supplemented diet. Feed conversion rate was improved by the addition of KPY compared with control group (p < 0.05). Mortality was successfully reduced by supplementation of enzymes, yeast or a combination of enzymes and yeast. The excretions of N and P were considerably reduced by supplementation of dietary enzymes, yeast or combination of all three substances, especially for KPY fed group in starting period. The nutrient excretions in the finishing period were not significantly different. It appeared that the use of Kemzyme, phytase and yeast simultaneously had an additive effect on growth rate and nutrient excretion.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2015

새만금 갯벌로부터 xylan과 locust bean gum (LBG)을 분해하는 미생물을 분리하여 그 생화학적 특성과 16S rRNA 서열을 조사한 결과 Bacillus subtilis로 확인되었다. 분리균 YB-30은 konjac이나 LBG가 존재한 상태에서 배양할 경우 mannanase의 생산성이 급격하게 증가되며, 밀기울이 존재하에서는 xylanase의 생산성이 증가되였다. Konjac (3.5%)과 밀기울(1%)이 동시에 첨가된 배지에서 균의 성장이 정지기에 진입하였을 때 mannanase와 xylanase의 생산성이 최고 수준에 도달하였다. 배양상등액의 mannanase와 xylanase는 60℃와 pH 6.0, 55℃와 pH 5.5에서 각각 최대 활성을 보였다. 고온에서는 두 효소 모두 안정하지는 않았으며 xylanase가 mannanase보다 안정성이 낮았다. 밀기울은 쌀기울보다 많은 양의 arabinoxylan을 함유하고 있으므로 배양상등액으로 분해하였을 때 밀기울로부터 생성되는 환원당의 양이 더 많은 것으로 확인되었으며, 이로 보아 B. subtilis YB-30에 의해 생산되는 xylanase와 mannanase는 사료첨가용 효소로 활용 가능성이 높다고 여겨진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.993-1000
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE) as feed additive in broilers and laying hens. In broilers, 480 Arbor Acre male broilers were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replications per treatment and 20 chicks per pen. The experiment lasted 5 weeks and dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON, basal diet; ii) FRGE1, basal diet+1 g/kg fermented red ginseng extract; iii) FRGE2, basal diet+2 g/kg fermented red ginseng extract and iv) FRGE3 basal diet+4 g/kg fermented red ginseng extract. Throughout the experiment, no effects were observed (p>0.05) in performance in response to FRGE. At the end of the experiment, FRGE administration improved (p<0.05) the lymphocyte level compared with CON. The relative weight of bursa of fabricius and spleen were increased (p<0.05) by the inclusion of FRGE3. Besides, redness ($a^*$) value for the breast meat was higher (p<0.05) in FRGE1 and FRGE3 treatments than that in CON. In laying hens, 240 ISA brown layers at 35 weeks of age were used in this 8-week trial. Dietary treatments were the same as in the broilers trial with 10 replicates per treatment and 6 layers per replicate. During the entire experiment, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in performance or egg quality among all the treatments. However, the layers fed diets supplemented with FRGE had higher lymphocyte level (p<0.05) compared with those fed CON. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation with FRGE did not influence performance but improved the lymphocyte level in both broilers and laying hens.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.180-184
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• 2003

선별된 7종의 균주는 넓은 범위의 산과 담즙산에 대해 기존에 보고된 결과에 비하여 높은 내성을 나타냈고, 장내세균인 E. coli에 대해서도 우수한 항균력을 나타냈고, 항생제 tetracycline, nisin, kanamycin, ampicillin. streptomycin에 대해서도 높은 내성을 보였다. 또한 7종의 균주는 어느 정도의 산을 생성하고 있었고, 네 가지 효소 amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase에 대해서도 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 균주 특성실험 결과, 7종의 균주는 그람음성균으로 모두 구형, 비운동성이고 균체의 색은 노란색이거나 흰색을 띠고 있고, 다양한 유기물에 대하여 분해력을 지니고 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.878-888
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• 2018

In the current study, the probiotic potential of approximately 250 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from piglet fecal samples were investigated; among them Lactobacillus plantarum strain JDFM LP11, which possesses significant probiotic potential, with enhanced acid/bile tolerance, attachment to porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), and antimicrobial activity. The genetic characteristics of strain JDFM LP11 were explored by performing whole genome sequencing (WGS) using a PacBio system. The circular draft genome have a total length of 3,206,883 bp and a total of 3,021 coding sequences were identified. Phylogenetically, three genes, possibly related to survival and metabolic activity in the porcine host, were identified. These genes encode p60, lichenan permease IIC component, and protein TsgA, which are a putative endopeptidase, a component of the phosphotransferase system (PTS), and a major facilitator in the gut environment, respectively. Our findings suggest that understanding the functional and genetic characteristics of L. plantarum strain JDFM LP11, with its candidate genes for gut health, could provide new opportunities and insights into applications in the animal food and feed additive industries.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.200-205
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• 1998

본 연구는 도축 폐기물인 가축혈액의 이용을 위해 사료첨가제로서 혈분 성분이 함유된 유산균 probiotics의 생산을 목적으로 하여 수행되었다. 혈액으로부터 얻은 혈장을 질소원으로 이용한 BBPB 배지에, 시판 중인 미생물 사료첨가제로부터 분리된 probiotics용 Lactobacillus sp.를 배양하여 대조구인 MRS배지의 74%에 이르는 높은 생균수를 얻을 수 있었다. 얻어진 배양액의 동결 건조는 배양시간, 배양액의 pH보정, 배양액의 농축, 급속동결 등의 조건에 의해 균체의 생존율이 영향을 받았으며, 24시간 배양한 배양액을 pH 6.4로 보정한 뒤 10배로 농축하여 -5$0^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 동안 동결한 후 건조하는 조건으로 최적화되었다. BBPB 배지에 잔여하는 혈장 단백질 성분은 유산균의 동결건조 안정화 효과도 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났고 그 수준은 MRS와 유사하였다. 제제화를 위한 동결건조 안정제로는 Sucrose가 높은 효과를 나타내었고 10%첨가시 48.3%의 생존율로 $3.0{\times}^{10}$ CFU/g의 유산균 제제를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구에서의 동결건조조건을 이용하면 도축 폐혈액을 이용한 problotics의 산업적 생산이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2013

닭분변으로부터 면역활성능이 뛰어난 KU801 균주를 분리하고 16S rRNA 서열분석을 통해 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KU801로 동정하였다. B. amyloliquefaciens KU801의 영양세포와 아포세포는 인공위액 (pH 2.5, 1% pepsin)과 인공담즙 (0.3% oxgall)에 대한 저항성을 나타내었다. B. amyloliquefaciens KU801은 산화질소 (NO)의 생산을 감소시켰으나 인터루킨-$1{\alpha}$ (IL-$1{\alpha}$)의 생산은 증가시키는 것을 확인하였다. Commet assay를 통한 유전독성능에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, B. amyloliquefaciens KU801을 첨가하였을 때 DNA 손상을 처리 농도에 비례하여 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 이들 결과를 토대로, B. amyloliquefaciens KU801은 사료용 정장제로서의 이용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.