• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.899-905
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• 2003

자발성 고혈압 흰쥐(SHR)에서 찐콩과 청국장 분말이 혈압 및 지질대사에 미치는 효과를 조사하여 가열처리 및 발효과정을 거친 콩제품의 항동맥경화 효과를 평가하고자 하였다. 식 이의 단백질 급원으로써 카제인, 찐콩 분말, 그리고 청국장분말을 단백질 함량으로 각각 18% 되게 첨가한 semi-pu-rified diet를 SHR(n=10, 숫컷)에 6주간 공급한 후 혈압, 혈장과 간의 지질농도, 간의 HMG-CoA reductase 활성 및 분변의 담즙산 배설능을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 카제인 대조군에 비교하여 찐콩과 청국장 섭취군의 체중증가량은 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 식이효율은 오히려 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 찐콩 및 청국장의 장기간 섭취는 자발성 SHR의 가령에 따른 혈압상승을 효과적으로 억제하였으며(p<0.05) 청국장은 찐콩보다 우수한 혈압 강하효과를 보였다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량은 실험군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 중성지방의 농도는 대조군에 비해 찐콩 섭취군에서 다소 낮았으며 청국장 섭취군에서 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). LDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 대조군에 비해 찐콩 및 청국장 섭취군에서 유의적으로 낮았으며 항동맥경화인자로 알려진 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 따라서 동맥경화 지수는 대조군에 비해 찐콩과 청국장군에서 유의적으로 낮았으며, 청국장군에서 가장 낮은 동맥경화지수를 보였다(p<0.05). 간의 총지질과 중성지방 함량은 대조군에 비해 찐콩 및 청국장 섭취군에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타나(p<0.0.5) 혈장에서의 결과와 일치하였다. 간의 HMG-CoA reductase 활성은 찐콩과 청국장군에서 유의적으로 낮았다 (p<0.05). 분변 중 총지질량은 세 군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며 콜레스테롤 배설량은 찐콩군에서 가장 높았으며, 분변으로의 담즙산 배설능은 청국장군에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과는 단백질 급원으로 카제인을 대체한 찐콩과 청국장의 섭취는 동맥경화 위험인자인 혈압과 고지혈증을 개선함으로써 순환기계질환을 예방하는데 도움을 줄 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.679-682
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• 1997

A uniform group of 12 upgraded growing goats aged between 6.0 and 7.5 months were used in this study. They were divided into three groups of $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$. Four animals were randomly allocated to each group. They were infected orally with three levels (0 larva, 5,000 larvae and 10,000 larvae) of infective Haemonchus contortus larvae. Before infection, all animals were housed in individual pens with concrete floors. They were provided with a uniform management. Total red blood cells (RBC) and total white blood cells (WBC) were measured by hemacytometric method. Results showed significant interaction effect of H. contortus infection and duration of infection on red blood cell counts. The RBC counts of animals in treatment groups 2 and 3 showed significantly lower values over the control group from the second fortnight to the end of the study. The overall mean RBC values of groups 1, 2 and 3 were 11.73, 9.70 and $9.12million/mm^3$ blood, respectively. H. contortus infection did not significantly influence the total leukocyte counts. Worm infection and duration of infection interaction was also absent on WBC counts. However, the time or duration of infection significantly influenced the WBC counts. Fecal egg counts showed patent infections in the infected animals which also indicated by postmortem worm counts.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.90-99
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• 1994

This study was carried out to examine how dietary protein and calcium levels in rats fed fat-enriched diet affect the total lipid and cholesterol contents of blood and tissues. Male Sprauge-Dawley rats weighing approximately 200g were fed six purified diets which contained 18%(w/w) beef tallow, 1% (w/w) cholesterol, two source of protein, casein or isolated soy protein (ISP) and three levels of dietary calcium, 0.1%, 0.4% and 1.0%, first, for four weeks, and second, for eight weeks. The contents of the total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver, heart and feces were determined. After four weeks feeding serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in rats fed 1.0% (w/w) level calcium, regardless of dietrary protein sources. After eight weeks, these concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed soy protein than in casein-fed rats. As dietary calcium level increased serum and tissue lipid and cholesterol contents were decreased and fecal lipid excretion increased. It is concluded that hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic effects of soy protein and calcium were partly due to decrease in lipid absorption.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.503-512
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• 2006

본 시험은 육성돈 사료내 생균제 (Lactobacillus brevis, 3.4×108 CFU/g)의 첨가, 급여가 생산성, 건물과 질소 소화율, 혈구수 및 분 내 악취 발생 물질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 개시시 체중 24.60±1.28kg의 3원교잡종 [(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] 육성돈 96두를 공시하여 42일간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 옥수수－대두박 위주의 사료내 생균제를 첨가하지 않은 CON (basal diet), 생균제를 0.2% 첨가한 LB1 과 생균제를 0.4% 첨가한 LB2의 3개 처리구로 하여 처리당 8반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 전체 시험기간동안의 일당증체량, 일당사료섭취량 및 사료효율에서 있어서는 처리구간 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다(P<0.05). 질소 소화율에서 LB1 과 LB2 처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(linear effect, P<0.05). 그러나 건물 소화율에 있어서는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 혈액내 WBC, RBC 및 lymphocyte 함량에 있어서는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 분내 암모니아태 질소 및 황화수소의 함량은 LB2 처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 감소하였다(linear effect, P<0.05). 분내 acetic acid 와 propionic acid 함량에서는 BMS2 처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 감소하였다(linear effect, P<0.05), butyric acid 에서는 각 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 결론적으로, 육성돈 사료내 0.4%의 Lactobacillus brevis (3.4×108 CFU/g) 첨가는 질소 소화율 향상 및 분내 악취 발생 물질 함량을 감소 시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2020

본 연구는 생균제의 첨가가 이유자돈의 사양성적, 영양소 소화율, 혈액성상, 분 내 유해가스 및 분 중 미생물에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 실험을 위해 총 234두의 이유자돈(Landrace×Yorkshire× Duroc, 6.14±0.78kg)을 공시하였으며, 개시체중에 기반하여 3처리 6반복, 반복당 13두를 완전임의 배치하였다. 실험은 Phase I(0~14일), PhaseII(15~28일) 총 4주간 조사하였다. 실험 처리구는 T1(basal diet), T2(basal diet+0.13% complex probiotics) 및 T3(basal diet+0.25% complex probiotics)로 구성되었으며, 복합생균제는 Bacillus subtilis 1.0×10⁶ CFU/g, Enterococcus faecium 1.0×10⁶ CFU/g, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.0×10⁶ CFU/g, Bacillus licheniformis 3.0×10⁸ CFU/g 및 Bacillus polyfermenticus 3.0×10⁸ CFU/g를 함유하였다. 사양성적은 PhaseII에서 T3 첨가구에서 일당증체량 및 일일사료섭취량이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 전기간에서는 PhaseII와 동일한 결과가 나타났다. 영양소 소화율은 PhaseI에서 단백질 소화율이 T3 첨가구에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), PhaseII에서 건물 소화율 및 에너지 소화율이 T3 첨가구에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈액성상에서는 PhaseI과 PhaseII에서 모든 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 분내 유해가스에서는 PhaseII에서 NH₃가 T3 첨가구에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 분 중 미생물에서는 PhaseI과 PhaseII에서 Clostridium spp.이 T3 첨가구에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 이유자돈 사료 내 복합생균제 첨가는 사양성적, 영양소 소화율, 혈액성상, 분 내 유해가스 및 분 중 미생물을 개선할 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.485-498
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• 2008

본 연구는 희토의 첨가가 비육돈의 생산성, 면역관련 혈액학적 지표, 육질특성 및 분내 유해가스발생 함량에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보기 위하여 시험을 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종 비육돈 64두를 공시하였으며, 시험 개시시 체중이 65.42±1.16kg 이었고, 10주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 1)Antibiotic free diet (NC), 2)NC diet+6 weeks 44ppm of tylosin/4 weeks 22ppm of tylosin(PC) 3)NC diet+100ppm of RE(RE1) 및 4)NC diet+200ppm of RE (RE2)로 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 4반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 사양시험 기간 동안 일당증체량, 일당사료섭취량 및 사료효율은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 건물 및 질소 소화율은 RE2처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05). 에너지소화율은 RE2처리구가 NC 및 RE1처리구와 비교하여 높은 소화율을 나타내었다(P<0.05). WBC 수준은 6주에서 RE1처리구가 NC 및 RE2처리구와 비교하여 높은 함량을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 배최장근의 명도를 나타내는 L*값은 희토를 첨가한 RE1 및 RE2처리구가 NC처리구와 비교하여 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05), a* 값은 PC처리구가 RE1처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 근내지방 내 지방산 조성에 있어서 total MUFA는 RE2처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 높은 함량을 나타내었으며(P<0.05), total UFA는 RE2처리구가 PC처리구와 비교하여 높았다(P<0.05). 등지방 내 지방산 조성에 있어서 Total SFA는 PC처리구가 희토를 첨가한 RE1 및 RE2처리구와 비교하여 높은 함량은 나타내었다(P<0.05). Total UFA/SFA는 희토를 첨가한 RE1 및 RE2처리구가 PC처리구와 비교하여 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 분내 유해가스 물질의 발생 함량에 있어서 암모니아(NH3)는 희토를 첨가한 RE1 및 RE2 처리구가 NC 및 PC처리구와 비교하여 낮은 함량을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 결론적으로, 본 시험의 결과 비육돈에 희토의 첨가는 영양소 소화율, 육질특성, 지방산조성 및 분내 유해가스 함량에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.958-970
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary calcium level on cadmium and lead toxicity in rats. Fifty-four male rats of Sprague-Dawely strain weighing 152$\pm$12g were blocked into 9 groups according to body weight, and were raised for 30 days. Nine experimental diets different with cadmium(0%, 0.04%), lead (0%, 0.071%) and calcijm(0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) levels were prepared. The results are summarized as follow. Weight gain, F.E.R.(food efficiency ratio), and weights of liver, kidney and femur were lower in cadmium exposed groups than those of heavy metal free groups. Weight gain F.E.R. and ash weight of lead groups were lower than those of heavy metal free groups. But, these were increased with increasing dietary calcium level. Cadmium and lead concentrations in blood, liver, kidney and femur were lower in rats fed 1.5% calcium than 0.5% calcium diet. Fecal cadmium and lead excretions were remarkably increased in 1.5% calcium groups, and cadmium and lead retention rates were decreased in 1.5% calcium groups. Metallothionein concentrations in liver, kidney and small intestine were higher in rats exposed to cadmium and lead. Calcium content in blood, femur and daily urinary and fecal calcium excretion were decreased by cadmium and lead additions, and increased in 1.5% calcium groups. Creatinine clearance were decreased with cadmium administratino and calcium addition. In conclusion, weight gain and organ weights were decreased with cadmium or lead administration. But, cadmium administration was more toxic than lead adminstration. Cadmium or lead toxicity was alleviated by increasing dietary calcium level. Especially, lead toxicity was alleviated in proportion to dietary calcium level.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.300-306
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• 1990

Colorectal cancer is second only to lung cancer as a cause of death due to cancer in the united States. Studies have shown that fecal occult blood(FOB) tests are effective in detecting colorectal cancer in its early stages. To motivate worksite FOB testing, a randomized controlled trial was conducted. Employees 40 years or older from three federal agencies in Washington State were randomized to a control group(n＝139) which received a letter stating the availability of the FOB test at the worksite clinic or to an intervention group(n＝139) which received the letter about facts on colorectal cancer and a Colorectal Cancer Risk Appraisal. The Colorectal Cancer Risk Appraisal included a feedback on an individual's risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to his / her peers in terms of ‘normal’, ‘moderate’, or ‘high’ risk status. After 3 months, a follow-up questionnaire was sent to all participants to measure the effectiveness of the intervention. In the analysis of the three major outcomes, two possible confounding factors(dietary fat and family history of colorectal cancer) were controlled by logistic regression. Based on a review of the worksite clinic records, the Intervention group had 4.3% higher compliance rate with the FOB test during the follow-up period compared to the control group(p＝.10). The largest effect of the intervention was on the employees' intention to get a FOB test within the next year(62.6% in the intervention group vs. 36.2% in the control group, OR＝3.18, p＜.001). In the final Multivariate logistic model, the employees who were more likely to intend to get a FOB test within the next year were in the intervention group ; were at ‘moderate’ or ‘high’ risk of colorectal cancer ; knew more about the availability of the FOB test at the worksite clinic ; and had a FOB test during the last three years.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.881-886
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to Investigate the effects of green tea catechin on changes of mineral contents in chronic cadmium-poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10g were randomly assigned one of normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. Cadmium groups were classified to catechin free diet(Cd-0C group), 0.25% catechin diet(Cd-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(Cd-0.5C group) according to the levels of catechin supplement. Animals were raised for 20 weeks. Cadmium was supplied in drinking water which contained 50ppm Cd$^{2+}$. Effects of catechin were analyzed on changes of mineral contents in chronic cadmium poisoned rats by determining the calcium accumulation in bones, blood, urine and faces and phosphorus In blood and urine. Cd-poisoning inducted the decrease of red blood cell(RBC), white blood cell(WBC), contents of blood hemoglobin and hematocrit, but the levels of those indices were increased by catechin supplementation. The contents of tibia and femur in Cd-0C group was significantly lower than in normal group, but those of catechin supplemetation group was similar to normal group. The calcium contents of urine and faces were higher in Cd-poisoned groups than in normal group, but they was lowered by catechin supplementation. The phosphorus contents of blood and urine in Cd-0C group was significantly lower than in normal group, but that of catechin supplementation group was similar to normal group. Catechin supplementation improved the calcium metabolism in chronic cadmium poisoned rats by increasing the contents of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in blood and femur and by lowering the urinary and fecal calcium.m.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1600-1607
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• 2014

A total of 120 finishing pigs ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of $49.72{\pm}1.72kg$ were used in 12-wk trial to evaluate the effects of protected organic acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal micro flora, meat quality and fecal gas emission. Pigs were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (10 replication pens with 4 pigs per pen) in a randomly complete block design based on their initial BW. Each dietary treatment consisted of: Control (CON/basal diet), OA1 (basal diet+0.1% organic acids) and OA2 (basal diet+0.2% organic acids). Dietary treatment with protected organic acid blends linearly improved (p<0.001) average daily gain during 0 to 6 week, 6 to 12 week as well as overall with the increase in their inclusion level in the diet. The dry matter, N, and energy digestibility was higher (linear effect, p<0.001) with the increase in the dose of protected organic acid blends during 12 week. During week 6, a decrease (linear effect, p = 0.01) in fecal ammonia contents was observed with the increase in the level of protected organic acid blends on d 3 and d 5 of fermentation. Moreover, acetic acid emission decreased linearly (p = 0.02) on d7 of fermentation with the increase in the level of protected organic acid blends. During 12 weeks, linear decrease (p<0.001) in fecal ammonia on d 3 and d 5 and acetic acid content on d 5 of fermentation was observed with the increase in the level of protected organic acid blends. Supplementation of protected organic acid blends linearly increased the longissimus muscle area with the increasing concentration of organic acids. Moreover, color of meat increased (linear effect, quadratic effect, p<0.001, p<0.002 respectively) and firmness of meat showed quadratic effect (p = 0.003) with the inclusion of increasing level of protected organic acid in the diet. During the 6 week, increment in the level of protected organic acid blends decreased (linear effect, p = 0.01) Escherichia coli (E. coli) counts and increased (linear effect, p = 0.004) Lactobacillus counts. During 12-wk of experimental trial, feces from pigs fed diet supplemented with organic acid blends showed linear reduction (p<0.001) of E. coli counts and the tendency of linear increase (p = 0.06) in Lactobacillus count with the increase in the level of organic acid blends. In conclusion, 0.2% protected organic acids blends positively affected growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal gas emission and meat quality in finishing pigs without any adverse effects on blood parameters.