• 한국진공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.576-581
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• 2008

각종 전자 방출원 및 디스플레이 응용분야에서 우수한 가능성을 보이고 있는 이중벽 탄소나노튜브를 Tetra Hydro Furan(THF) 열분해 방법으로 대량합성 하였다. 본 연구에서는 Fe-Mo 금속이 MgO 담지체에 담지된 촉매에 THF 를 공급하여 이중벽 탄소나노튜브를 합성하였다. 이 합성된 이중벽 탄소나노튜브는 비정질 탄소파티클이 없는 고순도로 합성되었으며, 탄소나노튜브 다발의 직경은 12 - 20 nm 로 균일하게 분포하였고, 성장 길이는 수십 마이크로미터 였다. TEM 분석 결과 이중벽 탄소나노튜브 5 - 10 가닥이 뭉쳐있는 다발 형태로 존재하였고, 합성된 이중벽 탄소나노튜브의 Raman spectrum 분석 결과 내부 직경이 0.9 - 1.5 nm, 외부 직경이 1.6 - 2.2 nm 의 직경 분포를 갖는 이중벽 구조의 탄소나노튜브가 합성되었음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 THF 가 이중벽 탄소나노튜브를 합성하는데 적합한 탄소공급원임을 제시한다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2018

Photocatalytic oxidation in the presence of Fe-doped, Zn-doped or Fe-Zn co-doped $TiO_2$ was used to effectively decompose humic acids (HAs) in water. The highest HAs removal efficiency (65.7%) was achieved in the presence of $500^{\circ}C$ calcined 0.0010% Fe-Zn co-doped $TiO_2$ with the Fe:Zn ratio of 3:2. The initial solution pH value, inorganic cations and anions also affected the catalyst photocatalytic ability. The HAs removal for the initial pH of 2 was the highest, and for the pH of 6 was the lowest. The photocatalytic oxidation of HAs was enhanced with the increase of the $Ca^{2+}$ or $Mg^{2+}$ concentration, and reduced when concentrations of some anions increased. The inhibition order of the anions on $TiO_2$ photocatalytic activities was $CO{_3}^{2-}$ > $HCO_3{^-}$ > $Cl^-$, but a slightly promotion was achieved when $SO{_4}^{2-}$ was added. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal was used to evaluate the actual HAs mineralization degree caused by the $500^{\circ}C$ calcined 0.0010% Fe-Zn (3:2) co-doped $TiO_2$. For tap water added with HAs, the $UV_{254}$ and TOC removal rates were 57.2% and 49.9%, respectively. The $UV_{254}$ removal efficiency was higher than that of TOC because of the generation of intermediates that could significantly reduce the $UV_{254}$, but not the TOC.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.II
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• pp.1443-1446
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• 2005

We have synthesized thin multi-walled carbon nanotubes (t-MWCNTs) using a catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method with FeMoMgO catalyst. The number of tube walls were 2 ${\sim}$ 6 with the corresponding diameters of 3 ${\sim}$ 6 nm. We obtained high production yield of over 3000 wt% compared to the weight of the supplied catalyst. These t-MWCNTs revealed the intermediate structural characteristics between single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs). We have also characterized the field emission properties such as turn-on field and emission current, and current degradation from these t-MWCNTs together with SWCNTs and MWCNTs.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.206-210
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• 2007

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) are largely synthesized on Fe catalysts by catalytic chemical vapor deposition. The various shapes and compositions of these nanostructure CNTs were obtained by controlled parameters such as the reaction temperature, gas-mixing ratio. The influence of these parameters is investigated, together with observations of the produced materials after the purification processes. A diameter of CNTs, range from 2 to 10 nm, closely correlated with the size of the catalyst particle found attached to the tube end. The yield of CNTs was estimated to be 88.5 % and the purities of CNTs thus obtained were more than 80 %. The experimental results were documented with field emission scanning electron microscopy and raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, both before and after the purification.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2012

Attempts to dope carbon nanotube (CNT) with impurities in order to control the electronic properties of the CNT is a natural course of action. Boron is known to improve both the structural and electronic properties. In this report, we study the field emission properties of Boron-doped double-walled CNT (DWCNT). Boron-doped DWCNT films were fabricated by catalytic decomposition of tetrahydrofuran and triisopropyl borate over a Fe-Mo/MgO catalyst at $900^{\circ}C$. We measured the field emission current by varying the doping amount of Boron from 0.8 to 1.8 wt%. As the amount of doped boron in the DWCNT increases, the turn-on-field of the DWCNT decreases drastically from 6 V/${\mu}m$ to 2 V/${\mu}m$. The current density of undoped CNT is 0.6 mA/$cm^2$ at 9 V, but a doped-DWCNT sample with 1.8 wt% achieved the same current density only at only 3.8 V. This shows that boron doped DWCNTs are potentially useful in low voltage operative field emitting device such as large area flat panel displays.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.381-381
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• 2011

The influence of the water vapor on the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was investigated. SWCNTs were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of acetylene over Fe-Mo/MgO catalyst with injection of water vapor. The morphologies and structures of the water-assisted SWCNTs were investigated according to the growth conditions such as water vapor concentrations, flow rate of the gas, furnace temperature, and growth time. Water-assisted SWCNTs exhibited large bundle morphological features with well-alignment of each CNT, while SWCNTs synthesized in the absence of water vapor showed entangled CNT with the random orientation. We also found that the diameter of the SWCNT bundle could be controlled by the growth condition. In our optimal growth condition, the product yield and the purity were 300 wt. % and 75%, which were 7.5 and 2.5 times higher than those of SWCNTs synthesized without water vapor, respectively. More detail discussion will be offered at the poster presentation.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.146.2-146.2
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• 2010

PEMFC를 구성하는 여러 부품 중 핵심부품은 MEA(Membrane Electrode Assembly)으로서 실제 연료전지 반응이 일어나며 연료전지의 성능을 결정하는 부품이다. 그러나 PEMFC의 특성 상 촉매로 귀금속인 Pt가 사용됨에 따라 경제성이 확보된 MEA의 성능을 얻기 위해선 현재 Pt 담지량을 0.3mg/$cm^2$ 이하로 크게 감소시키면서 Pt촉매의 고분산화와 미반응 사이트의 감소가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Pt 촉매의 미반응 사이트를 줄이고자 전기영동법에 의해 카본전극(carbon black + GDL) 상에 Pt 나노입자를 직접 석출시켜 Pt/C 촉매 전극을 제조 하였다. 본 실험에서는 가장 좋은 Pt 나노입자의 석출거동을 나타낸 30mA/$cm^2$, pH 2, duty cycle 25% 조건을 기준으로 하여 electro-deposition time을 통한 석출량 제어와 carbon paper의 wet proofing 정도에 따른 Pt의 석출거동을 조사하였으며, 종래의 방법으로 제조한 Pt/C 촉매전극의 전기화학적 특성과 비교 분석하였다. 전기영동 석출법에 사용된 Pt나노입자는 $H_2PtCl_6{\cdot}6H_2O$로부터 화학적 환원법으로 합성한 2~3nm 입경을 갖는 Pt콜로이드를 사용하였으며, magnetic stirring과 항온 ($20^{\circ}C$)을 유지하여 실험하였다. 전기영동 석출량 제어는 electro-deposition time을 5~25분까지 5분 간격으로 나누어 실험하였고 카본전극을 구성하는 carbon paper의 wet proofing 정도가 Pt 나노입자 석출거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 20, 40, 60%의 서로 다른 wet proofing 값을 갖는 carbon paper를 사용하여 Pt/C 촉매 전극을 제조하였다. 전기영동법으로 석출된 카본블랙 전극 상 Pt나노입자의 분산도와 담지량는 각각 FE-SEM과 TGA 장비를 사용하여 측정하였고, 제조된 Pt/C 촉매 전극의 전기화학적 촉매 특성은 cyclic voltammetry(CV)법으로 측정하였다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2010

High-quality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized by catalytic decomposition of $C_2H_2$ using Fe-Mo/MgO catalyst at $800^{\circ}C$. The as-synthesized SWCNTs typically occurred in the form of a bundle with a diameter of 10~20 nm together with amorphous carbon and catalytic impurities, which were removed by a two-step purification process consisting of oxidation and an acid treatment. The oxidation step, using an $O_2$-Ar mixture at $380^{\circ}C$ for 5 hr in a vertical-type furnace and a $HNO_3$ treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for one hour, was utilized to remove the amorphous carbon particles. Subsequently, metallic catalysts were removed in HCl at room temperature for 5 hr under magnetic stirring. The SWCNT suspension was prepared by dispersing the purified SWCNTs in an aqueous sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution with horn-type sonication. This was then air-sprayed on glass to fabricate CNT field emitters. The samples had a turn-on field value of 4 V/${\mu}m$ and a current density of 0.67 mA/$cm^2$ at 9 V/${\mu}m$. Increasing the HCl treatment time improved the field emission properties.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2005

대부분의 석조문화재는 외부 환경에 노출되어 있어 외관이 크게 변형되어졌고, 특히 최근의 산업화와 환경오염물질의 영향으로 풍화가 가속화되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 석조문화재의 풍화에 미치는 환경영향을 알아보기 위해 산성용액과 염분용액에 신선한 화강암을 침수한 후 물리 화학적 특성을 조사하였고, 석조문화재 보존 방법의 일환으로 화강암에 $TiO_2$ 광촉매를 코팅한 후 코팅이 화강암의 풍화에 미치는 영향도 조사하였다. 산성용액과 염분용액에 신선한 화강암을 침수시켰을 때 8가지 광물성분(Si, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Al)의 용출량은 반응초기에 급격히 증가하였고 암석 표면의 구성광물들은 대부분 신선한 화강암(fresh granite)보다 낮은 농도값을 나타내어 산성용액이나 염분용액에 의한 풍화의 영향 정도를 확인할 수 있었다. 실험 전 후의 화강암의 물리적 특성 분석 결과, 강제 풍화시킨 시료의 밀도는 평균 $2.55-2.56\;g/cm^3$으로 신선한 화강암(평균밀도는 $2.60\;g/cm^3$)에 비해 약간 낮은 값을 보였고 압축강도는 신선한 화강암에 배해 아주 낮았지만 포아송비는 상대적으로 약간 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 강제풍화시킨 석재의 흡수율은 $0.481{\sim}0.836%$로서 신선한 화강암에 비해 1.2-2.1배 정도 높게 나타났다. $TiO_2$ 광촉매를 화강암에 코팅한 후 산성용액과 염분용액에 의한 강제풍화시 광물성분의 용출율과 함수율 등이 많이 저감되어 석조문화재의 풍화속도를 완화시키는 것으로 나타나 석조문화재의 표면에 $TiO_2$ 코팅 처리를 하면 석조문화재의 풍화를 예방하는 효과가 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2011

Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) with high purity were produced by the catalytic decomposition of tetrahydrofuran (THF) using a Fe-Mo/MgO catalyst at $800^{\circ}C$. The as-synthesized DWCNTs typically have catalytic impurities and amorphous carbon, which were removed by a two-step purification process consisting of acid treatment and oxidation. In the acid treatment, metallic catalysts were removed in HCl at room temperature for 5 hr with magnetic stirring. Subsequently, the oxidation, using air at $380^{\circ}C$ for 5 hr in the a vertical-type furnace, was used to remove the amorphous carbon particles. The DWCNT suspension was prepared by dispersing the purified DWCNTs in the aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate solution with horn-type sonication. This was then air-sprayed on ITO glass to fabricate DWCNT field emitters. The field emission properties of DWCNT films related to transmittance were studied. This study provides the possibility of the application of large-area transparent CNT field emission cathodes.