• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Vaccinium angustifolium, commonly known as the lowbush blueberry, is a rich source of flavonoids, with which various human physiological activities have been associated. The present study focuses on the investigation of the effect of the methanolic extract of V. angustifolium root extract (VAE) on high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI$) ${\alpha}$ chain antibody (CRA-1)-induced allergic reaction in human basophilic KU812F cells. The total phenolic content of VAE was found to be $170{\pm}1.9mg$ gallic acid equivalents/g. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the cell surface expression of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner upon culture with VAE. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the mRNA level of the $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$ chain was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner as a result of VAE treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein expression of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 were concentration-dependently inhibited by VAE. We determined that VAE inhibited anti-CRA-1-induced histamine release, in addition to the elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([$Ca^{2+}$]i), in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that VAE may exert an anti-allergic effect via the inhibition of calcium influx and histamine release, which occurs as a result of the down-regulation of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression through inhibition of ERK 1/2 activation.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.331-347
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• 1997

In order to investigate the effects of YOOKMIJIHWANGTANG, GAMIJIHWANGTANG and PALMIJIHWANGTANG on the various immune responses, the chemotactic, adherent, nitric oxide release ability of macrophages were studied in vivo and in vitro. The results obtained were follows : 1. The total number of peritoneal exudate cells from mice injected with three drugs were 2~3 times more than those from the PBS. 2. The administration of three drugs enhanced significantly the Fc receptor mediated activity(phagocytosis, rosette formation activity). 3. The administration of three drugs enhanced significantly the chemotactic activity of peritoneal macrophages. 4. The administration of three drugs enhanced significantly the adherent activity of macrophages and neutrophils. 5. The administration of GAMIJIHWANGTANG and PALMIJIHWANGTANG enhanced significantly the chemotatic activity of macrophages (p<0.01). And also the administration of YOOKMIJIHWANGTANG enhanced significantly the chemotatic activity of macrophages(p<0.05). 6. The administration of GAMIJIHWANGTANG and enhanced significantly the chemotatic activity of neutrophils(p<0.01). And also the administration of YOOKMIJIHWANGTANG and PALMIJIHWANGTANG enhanced significantly the chemotatic activity of neutrophils(p<0.05). From above findings, it is suggested that YOOKMIJDTWANGTANG, GAMIJIHWANGTANG and PALMIJIHWANGTANG seems to produce the increase of immune response such as the Fc receptor activity, chemotactic activity, adherent activity, nitrate release of macrophages. From the above results, the GAMIJIHWANGTANG among three drugs may be the most useful drug having immunostimulating effects.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.118-127
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• 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on skin damage recovery and inflammation relief in atopic dermatitis-induced mice through Endocannabinoid system (ECS) control. Methods 6-week-old Balb/C mice were divided into control group (Ctrl), atopic dermatitis induced group (ADE), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) administered group after atopic dermatitis induced (PEAT), and Scutellaria baicalensis extract administered group after atopic dermatitis induced (SBT). Seven animals were assigned for each group. After drug administration for 3 weeks after inducing atopic dermatitis, Claudin and 8-OHdG were observed to confirm the recovery of the skin damage in each group. To confirm ECS regulation, CB1, CB2, and GPR55 were observed. To confirm the anti-inflammatory effect, Fc ε receptor, and MMP-9 was observed. Results Claudin positive reaction was significantly increased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. 8-OHdG positive reaction was significantly decreased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. CB1, CB2, and GPR55 positive responses were significantly increased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. Fc ε receptor and MMP-9 positivity were significantly decreased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. Conclusion It was confirmed that the Scutellaria baicalensis extract can reduce the inflammation of atopic dermatitis by restoring the structural damage of the skin lipid barrier through ECS activity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 1992

Dogs were divided into 3 groups of two each; Bacillie Calmette-Guerin(BCG) pretreatment, M bovis only treatment and uninfected control group. BCG were vaccinated intradermally with 0.2ml before 3weeks of M bovis intraperitoneal infection. Infection at necropsy 4months later was readily in the both treated dogs. Histopathologically, the BCG pretreated dogs produce the moderate accumulation of macrophages and focal granuloma formation in the lung, whereas the M bovis only treared dogs produce the accumulation of predominantly macrophages, occasionaly polymorphonuclear cells and the more larger granuloma Bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) was obtained and total and differential cell counts were examined. Total number of BAL cells harvested from uninfected dogs is lower compared with those of the both treated groups. The total cell number of M bovis only treated dogs were singificantly higher 1.8 times than that of the BCG pretreated dogs. The Fe receptor activity and the growth of organism in alveolar macrophages obtained from BCG pretreated dogs were compared with that in macrophages from M bovis only treated dogs. BCG vaccination resulted in substantial macrophage activation, measured as increased Fc receptor mediated phagocytosis and rosette formation, as wells as the inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria multiplication. However, actibated macrophages taken from BCG pretreated dogs are incapable of killing the M bovis. Thus, these results suggest that BCG pretrearment in the dog may produce a protective effect against tuberculosis because active alveolar macrophages have acquired antituberculous immunity, although few mycobacteria within the lung remain in a metabolically active state.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2006

Objective : After ischemic stroke, partial recovery of function frequently occurs and may depend on the plasticity of axonal connections. Here, we examine whether blockade of the Nogo/NogoReceptor[NgR] pathway might enhance axonal sprouting and thereby recovery after focal brain infarction. Methods : Adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing $250{\sim}350g$ were used. Left middle cerebral artery occlusion[MCAO] was induced with a intraluminal filament. An osmotic mini pump [Alzet 2ML4, Alza Scientific Products, Palo Alto, CA] for the infusion of NgR-Ecto[310]-Fc to block Nogo/NgR pathway was implanted 1 week after cerebral ischemia. Prior to induction of ischemia, all animals received training in the staircase and rotarod test. Two weeks after biotin dextran amine injection, animals were perfused transcardially with PBS, followed by 4% paraformadehyde/PBS solution. Brain and cervical spinal cord were dissected. Eight coronal sections spaced at 1mm intervals throughout the forebrain of each animal with cresyl violet acetate for determination of infarction size. Images of each section were digitized and the infarct area per section was measured with image analysis software. Results : Histological examination at 11 weeks post-MCAO demonstrates reproducible stroke lesions and no significant difference in the size of the stroke between the NgR[310]Ecto-Fc protein treated group and the control group. Behavioral recovery is significantly better and more rapid in the NgR-Ecto[310]-Fe treated group. Blockade of NgR enhances axonal sprouting from the uninjured cerebral cortex and improves the return of motor task performance. Conclusion : Pharmacological interruption of NgR allows a greater degree of axonal plasticity in response this is associated with improved functional recovery of complicated motor tasks.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2022

Objective The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of Sabaek-san extract on skin damage recovery and inflammation relief in atopic dermatitis-induced mice through Endocannabinoid system (ECS) control. Methods In this study, we used 6-week-old NC/Nga mice were divided into 4 group: control group (Ctrl), lipid barrier elimination group (LBEG), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) treated group after lipid barrier elimination (PEAG), and Sabaek-san extract treatment group after lipid barrier elimination (SBSG). Each group was assigned 10 animals. After drug administration of three weeks duration following lipid barrier elimination, cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1, CB2, CD (Cluster of Differentiation) 68, phosphorylated inhibitor kappa B (p-IκB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Fc ε receptor, substance P and serotonin were observed to confirm the regulation of the ECS, macrophage activity and mast cell activity. Results We found that 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OXdG) positive reaction was significantly lower in the SBST group than in LBET and PEAT groups. Both CB1 and CB2 showed higher positive reactions in the SBST group than in the LBET and PEAT. CD68, p-IκB, iNOS, Fc ε receptor, Substance P and serotonin showed lower positive reaction in the SBST compared to the LBET and PEAT. Conclusion It was confirmed that the Sabaek-san extract can reduce the inflammation of atopic dermatitis by restoring the structural damage of the skin lipid barrier through ECS activity.

• Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Ecklonia cava (EC-EtoAc) on the immunoglobulin E (IgE)/bovine serum albumin (BSA)-mediated activation of bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs). We revealed that the $62.5{\mu}g/ml$ of EC-fractions ($EC-CHCl_3$, EC-Hexane and EC-EtoAc) inhibited IgE/BSA-activated ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release from BMCMCs without cytotoxicity. Especially, EC-EtoAc showed the higher ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release than the others. Also, EC-EtoAc reduced the expression levels of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and a chemokine, thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), compared to the only IgE/BSA-treated BMCMCs. Furthermore, EC-EtoAc significantly prevented the binding of IgE to Fc epsilon receptor $(Fc{\varepsilon}R)I$ and reduced the $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression on the sensitized BMCMCs. Taken together, these results suggest that E. cava may be the natural agent with beneficial potentials for the treatment of type I allergic diseases induced by mast cell activation.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2017

Background: There are a million ragpickers in India who gather and trade recyclable municipal solid wastes materials for a living. The objective of this study was to examine whether their occupation adversely affects their immunity. Methods: Seventy-four women ragpickers (median age, 30 years) and 65 age-matched control housemaids were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to measure leukocyte subsets, and leukocyte expressions of $Fc{\gamma}$ receptor I (CD64), $Fc{\gamma}RIII$ (CD16), complement receptor 1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18), and CD14. Serum total immunoglobulin-E was estimated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared with the controls, ragpickers had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher levels of CD8-T-cytotoxic, CD16+CD56+natural killer, and CD4+CD45RO+memory T-cells, but depleted levels of CD19+B-cells. The percentage of CD4+T-helper-cells was lower than the control group (p < 0.0001), but their absolute number was relatively unchanged (p = 0.42) due to 11% higher lymphocyte counts in ragpickers. In ragpickers, the percentages of CD14+CD16+intermediate and CD14dim CD16+nonclassical monocyte subsets were elevated with a decline in CD14+CD16-classical monocytes. The expressions of CD64, CD16, CD35, and CD11b/CD18 on both monocytes and neutrophils, and CD14 on monocytes were significantly higher in ragpickers. In addition, ragpickers had 2.7-times more serum immunoglobulin-E than the controls (p < 0.0001). After controlling potential confounders, the profession of ragpicking was positively associated with the changes. Conclusion: Ragpicking is associated with alterations in both innate (neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cell numbers and expression of complement and $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors) and adaptive immunity (numbers of circulating B cells, helper, cytotoxic, and memory T cells).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 2007

The melanocortin-4 receptor(MC4R) is virtually expressed in all brain regions and plays an important role in energy homeostasis in mammals. MC4R has been intensively studied as a trait gene controlling economically important traits, such as growth and feed conversion, etc. Six hundreds and sixty Duroc pigs were genotyped for the MC4R locus and analyzed their relationships with breeding values for average daily gain(ADG), backfat thickness(BF), days to 90kg(D90) and feed conversion(FC). The estimated genotype frequencies for the all Duroc pigs were: 30.8%, 45.2%, 24.1% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, respectively. The mutant A allele was significantly associated with ADG, D90 and BF whereas no significant relationship was found with FC. The change of gene frequencies by generation was shown in both selected and culled groups. These results indicate that the MC4R polymorphism could be integrated in the present selection program to realize a marker-assisted selection for the growth traits of the Duroc population.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.80-80
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• 1997

The object of this study was to develop a gene therapy strategy for ovarian cancer. We have previously shown that AV with a L-plastin (LP) promoter infects breast and ovarian cancer cells and expressed ${\beta}$-galactosidase cDNA in preference to normal fibroblast cells and hematopoietic cells. We now report on the cytotoxicity of Ad.LP.CD, an AV carrying a CD cDNA which converts the pro-drug, 5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC) into the toxic drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Infection of Ad.LP.CD into either 293 cells or ovarian cancer cells generated the functional CD as measured by HPLC analysis. Using a ratio of AV to OVCAR3 cell of 100 and a 5-FC concentration of 100 ${\mu}$M, we achieve an over 95 % of cell growth inhibition. We are using flow cytometry analysis for ${\beta}$ -galactosidase and ovarian cancer associated folate receptor to screen primary ascites samples for infectivity after infection with an adenoviral vector, i.e., Ad.LP.LacZ. This vector system may be of value in the treatment of microscopic disease of ovarian cancer in the peritoneal cavity.