• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2016

Vitamin D plays a vital role in maintaining blood concentrations of Ca and P. In lipid metabolism, vitamin D is also known to negatively affect the development of adipocytes, but it has received little attention with regard to improve marbling score in beef cattle via restricting its supply. Recently, the method of feeding fat soluble vitamins(including vitamin D)-deficient diets in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) has been spread by feed companies and TMR plants. But proper guidelines in feeding vitamin D-deficient diets should be provided, otherwise it can adversely affect the health of cattle. To maximize marbling score, a controlled level of vitamin D in blood needs to be maintained and the proper period for feeding vitamin D-deficient diets should be provided. This review was conducted to highlight the regulatory effects of vitamins D on adipocyte differentiation, and provide information on improving beef quality grades in relation to feeding vitamin D-deficient diets in beef cattle.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.1258-1264
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 조리방법(굽기와 삶기)에 따른 닭의 부위별(가슴살, 날개살, 넓적다리살, 아랫다리살) 지방 및 지방산 조성, 비타민 A와 E의 함량 변화를 조사하였다. 조리 후 가열감량은 19.09~41.17%의 범위를 보였으며, 넓적다리살을 제외한 모든 부위에서 굽기가 삶기보다 높은 가열감량을 나타내었다. 지방 함량은 삶은 가슴살을 제외한 모든 가열처리 시료에서 증가하였으며, 지방산 함량은 조리 후 유의적으로 증가하거나 감소하는 것을 확인하였다(P<0.05). 포화지방산과 불포화지방산의 함량은 구운 날개살에서 가장 높았으며, 포화지방산에 대한 불포화지방산의 비(UFA/SFA)는 삶은 넓적다리살에서 가장 높았다. 트랜스지방산은 삶은 날개살이 가장 높았으나(137.67 mg/100 g) 구운 날개살의 함량과 유의적인 차이가 없었으며(P>0.05), 가슴살에서는 검출되지 않았다. 비타민 A 함량은 계육의 모든 부위에서 가열조리에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 비타민 E 함량은 부위에 따라 증감의 차이를 보였다. 즉 날개살은 조리 후 감소하였으나 넓적다리살과 아랫다리살은 유의적으로 증가한 것이 확인되었다(P<0.05). 이러한 결과는 계육의 지방 및 지방산과 비타민의 적절한 섭취를 위한 조리방법의 선택에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in eight different forms, which are $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$, and $\delta$ tocopherol, and $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$, and $\delta$ tocotrienol. Tocopherols and tocotrienols are important antioxidant in foods, feeds and their raw materials, where they scavenge lipid radicals. Each form has its own biological activity, the measure of potency or functional use in the body. Antioxidants such as vitamin E act to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism. Free radicals can cause cell dam-age that may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer, The content of tocopherols and tocotrienols vary depending on the environmental condition such as growing regions, temperature, crops and varieties. This report deals with chemical and physical properties and extends to their nutritional and health effect on the tocopherols and tocotrienols in cereal grains.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 1995년도 춘계심포지움 및 학술발표논문 초록
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• pp.21-21
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• 1995

Absorption of fat-soluble vi tamin, retinol occurs mainly in the proximal part of small intestine. But its intestinal transport mechanism isn't yet clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate on the mechanism of absorption of retinol by determining a concentration-dependent kinetic of retinol absorption in rats. The study was carried out by applying in vivo technique in which vitamin solution was infused to intestinal lumen and at the same time thoracic duct and choledochus duct were canulated to collect samples. The investigations showed that retinol is absorbed in the small intestine by a saturable, carrier-mediated transport system, i.e. wi thout signi ficant differences between the proximal and distal halves of the small intestine. The transport of retinol taken up by the enterocytes occured via different mechanisms: while the main vitamin A transport via the thoracic duct was saturated by limiting transport factors such as retinol-CRBP-II-complex formation and retinol esterification with increasing substrate concentrations, the transport of retinol metabolite product via the portal vein was proportional to the substrate concentration.ration.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.1082-1089
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• 2009

Vitamin D is an important fat-soluble vitamin that functions as a prohormone and affects bone mineralization and calcium homeostasis. Vitamin D deficiency causesboth musculoskeletal manifestations, including rickets, and extra-musculoskeletal symptoms. Because vitamin D is naturally present in only some foods, intake of daily foods cannot meet the dietary reference intake for vitamin D. Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D in humans therefore, the lack of sunlight can easily cause vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents. Vitamin D deficiency can be diagnosed on the basis ofits typical clinical manifestation, laboratory tests, and radiologic findings. Detection of vitamin D deficiency in children or adolescents necessitates the simultaneous administration of vitamin D and calcium supplements. To prevent vitamin D deficiency, 200 IU of daily vitamin D intake is recommended in infants, and 400 IU of daily vitamin D intake is recommended in Korean children and adolescents.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2015

Vitamin D contents in agricultural products and foods were quantified by high performance liquid chromomatography (HPLC) with a UV/Vis detector, using external standard methods. The results were confirmed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). After homogenization, samples were hydrolyzed by direct alkali saponification. Thereafter, fat-soluble components were extracted with n-hexane containing 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Vitamin D contents in cereals were found to be in the range of $1.882{\sim}4.856{\mu}g/100g$. Juda's ear and oak mushroom contained high amounts of vitamin D, at 363.85 and $199.42{\mu}g/100g$ of edible portion, respectively.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Bioavailability enhancement by solubilization of lipophilic drugs in nano-emulsion has been reported and it may be useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. This study was performed to compare in vivo bioavailability of nano-emulsion formulation with that of the general product as control. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics assessment of Vitamin A, D and E complex of nanoemulsion formulation (LaVita), in comparison to the general product, was performed in the male rat plasma by a single oral dose at 20 mL/kg body weight (n=3/group). For nano-emulsion formulation (LaVita), $C_{max}$ of vitamin A and E in plasma were much higher and the area under the curve (AUC) of vitamin A, D and E were 14-63% higher, and the half-life of vitamin E was 2-fold longer than the general product. According to statistical analysis, each $C_{max}$ of vitamin A, D & E was significantly higher (p<0.01, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) than that of general product. Half-life of vitamin A was significantly higher (p<0.01) and AUC of vitamin A and D were also significantly higher than the general product. CONCLUSION(s): Considering significant increment of $C_{max}$ and AUC, LaVita made of nano-emulsion could be more effective the absorption rate and extent for bioavailability of vitamin A, D & E than those of general product.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2017

Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble secosteroid responsible for enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium, iron, and other materials. Vitamin D3 deficiency, therefore, can cause health problems such as metabolic diseases, and bone disorder. Female sex hormones including estrogen and progesterone are biosynthesized mainly in the granulosa cells of ovary. In this study, we isolated granulosa cells from porcine ovary and cultured for the experiments. In order to examine the effect of vitamin D3 on the ovarian granulosa cells, the mRNA and protein levels of genes were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot assay. The production of estrogen from the granulosa cells was also measured by the ELISA assay. Genes associated with follicle growth were not significantly altered by vitamin D3. However, it increases expression of genes involved in the estrogen-biosynthesis. Further, estrogen concentrations in porcine granulosa cell-cultured media increased in response to vitamin D3. These results showed that vitamin D3 is a powerful regulator of sex steroid hormone production in porcine granulosa cells, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may result in inappropriate sexual development of industrial animals and eventually economic loss.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to measure fat-soluble vitamins and minerals in breast milk of Korean lactating mothers who exclusively breastfed their babies. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Breast milk samples were collected from 334 mothers. Concentrations of retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet spectrometry while concentrations of minerals were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol contents of breast milk were $39.58{\pm}19.64{\mu}g/dL$ and $0.23{\pm}0.13mg/dL$, respectively. Average sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in breast milk were $11.11{\pm}5.16$, $38.56{\pm}9.01$, $27.87{\pm}6.10$, $13.56{\pm}3.30$, and $3.05{\pm}0.65mg/dL$, respectively. Contents of trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper, and manganese were $40.26{\pm}46.21$, $98.40{\pm}62.47$, $24.09{\pm}9.03$, and $0.90{\pm}1.63{\mu}g/dL$, respectively. Fat-soluble vitamin concentration was positively correlated with total fat in milk samples, but no significant differences were observed in levels of retinol, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, or minerals based on whether or not lactating women were taking dietary supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Micronutrient contents of breast milk samples from Korean lactating women were comparable to those of other nations. Retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol levels were correlated and also with total fat in breast milk.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2002

This study compared the effect of Korean vegetarian and omnivorous diets on plasma carnitine concentrations and urinary carnitine excretion. Twenty lactoovovegetarian and twenty omnivorous female college students consented to participate in this study. Daily nutritional intake and plasma and urinary nonesterified carnitine (NEC), acid-soluble acylcarnitine (ASAC), acid-insoluble acylcarnitine (AIAC), and total carnitine (TCNE) were determined. Daily protein, fat, retinol, vitamin B$_2$and vitamin B$\_$12/ intakes were significantly lower for vegetarians, however, fiber, carbohydrate, $\beta$-carotene, folic acid and vitamin C consumptions were much higher for vegetarians than omnivores. There were no differences in plasma NEC, ASAC, AIAC and TCNE concentrations between the two groups. Urinary carnitine excretion was lower in vegetarians, but only the differences in ASAC and TCNE excretions were statistically significant. These results suggest that the lower excretion of ASAC in vegetarians may be a reflection of their lipid metabolic state and that Korean vegetarian diets may accommodate lower carnitine intakes through efficient urinary conservation of carnitine.