• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.714-723
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• 2007

Especially, the teenage period, an important lifetime to develop both physically and mentally, needs to be helpful to promote the growth of the body and to keep a well-balanced mind through a balanced and nourishing diet. It is well known that the western style fast food is the most liked meal by teenagers. Wrong recognition about fast food and its frequent intake by adolescents can lead to unbalanced diet and food behaviors which may also connect with a poor impact on their personalities as well as their physical health. In this study, therefore, relationships between fast food intake frequency and food behavior, sociability, and personality, such as anger expression, were surveyed from 1,295 adolescents (666 in Seoul, 316 in Changwon, and 313 in rural communities), and then analyzed using SPSS program. The results are shown as follows. The fast food preference score and the fast food intake frequency score showed no differences between male students (22.9/30, 14.4/30 respectively) and female students (23.0/30, 14.0/30 respectively). But, the fast food preference score correlated positively with the intake frequency score (r=0.304) significantly (p<0.001). The more frequently eating of fast food group showed significantly lower scores (r=-0.233, p<0.001) in food behaviors. The frequency of fast food intake had no relationships with sociability, but it had a significantly effect on anger expression (r=0.213, p<0.001) and control (r=-0.l47, p<0.001). From these results, we could see the necessity of various nutrition education programs to build proper eating-out habits and also more studies are needed to find the relationships between fast food intake and growth and personality.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.829-839
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of the fast food and beverage intake on sociality and anger expression of adolescents. Questionnaires were distributed to the adolescents of 599 middle and high school students in Busan. According to the results, the preference-intake frequency analysis (PEA) on fast food grid, high preference and high intake frequency were 'dukbokki', 'chicken' and 'mandu' and low preference and high intake frequency were 'ramyon', 'gimbab. PEA on beverage grid, high preference and high intake frequency were 'milk-dairy product', 'fruit juice', 'isotonic beverage' and low preference and high intake frequency were 'carbonate drink'. The intake frequency of 'pizza', 'sandwich', 'udong', and 'dukbokki' had a positive relationship with sociality. 'Hamburger', 'chicken', 'french fry', 'gimbab', 'mandu', and 'ramyon' showed a positive relationship with anger-out. The intake frequency of 'carbonated drink' had a negative relationship with anger-control, but 'green tea' showed a positive relation with it. 'Carbonate drink', 'isotonic beverage', 'coffee', and 'milkshake' had a negative relationship with anger-out. The explanation power ($R^2$) of intake of fast food and beverage on sociality was $0.019{\sim}0.038$, and 'carbonated drink' and 'coffee' had a negative influence on sociality. The explanation power ($R^2$) of intake of fast food and beverage on anger expression was $0.011{\sim}0.041$, and 'carbonated drink' had a negative influence on angercontrol. 'Hamburger', 'carbonated drink', and 'coffee' showed a positive influence on anger-out. From these results, it was necessary to develop the practical eating-out habits program on proper fast food and beverage choice for adolescents.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2019

본 연구는 다양한 연령층으로 확대되고 있는 패스트푸드의 섭취실태 등을 분석하여, 소비자들이 균형되고 올바른 식생활을 실천할 수 있는 영양프로그램 개발 및 교육을 위한 자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 패스트푸드 섭취빈도는 20대와 30대에서 높았으며, 연령에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 패스트푸드를 선택할 때 정보를 얻는 곳은 20대는 주로 친구와 인터넷이었으며, 30대 이상은 대중매체를 주로 이용하였다. 패스트푸드 섭취로 인한 가장 큰 식생활의 변화는 자극적인 음식을 좋아하게 되었고 외식의 빈도가 증가하였다. 패스트푸드를 젊은층은 맛이 있어서 선택하였으며, 중장년층은 시간의 영향을 받지 않아서 선택하였다. 패스트푸드를 섭취하였을 때 염려되는 것으로 30대는 주로 체중의 증가와 50대 이상은 건강에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 패스트푸드에서 개선되기를 바라는 것은 영양, 위생, 가격으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 패스트푸드 섭취빈도, 선택 및 만족도 등이 연령에 따라 유의적으로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 전 연령층을 대상으로 하는 패스트푸드 섭취와 관련된 연구가 활성화되어 균형된 식생활을 실천할 수 있는 영양프로그램 개발 및 교육을 위한 기초자료의 확보가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.662-674
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns of fast food intake in residential areas and its relation to eating habits among 551 6th grade students (286 male students and 265 female students) from elementary schools located in Gangnam-gu, Dongjak-gu and Seongbuk-gu, Seoul. The results of this study were as follows. 1) There were significant differences in the preference for fast food among districts (p<0.05) and children from Seongbuk-gu showed a greater preference for fast food than those from Gangnam-gu and Dongjak-gu. In terms of preferences for particular types of fast food, children from Seongbuk-gu liked hamburgers more than those from Gangnam-gu and Dongjak-gu so that there were significant differences among districts (p<0.05). With regards to the frequency of intake of the various types of fast food, there were differences in hamburger, pizza and chicken among three districts (p<0.05) and children from Seongbuk-gu ate fast food 1 to significant 2 times more often than those from Gangnam-gu and Dongjak-gu. 2) There were significant differences in the regularity of mealtimes between districts (p<0.05), with children from Seongbuk-gu showing more irregularity in their mealtimes than those from Gangnam-gu and Dongjak-gu. There were significant differences in the frequency of snack intake (p<0.05), and children from Seongbuk-gu tended to take a snack 1 to 2 times more often than those from Gangnam-gu and Dongjak-gu. 3) In the frequency of fast food intake in accordance with obesity, there were significant differences between the obesity index (p<0.05). In particular, children who were underweight had a tendency to eat more fast food. There were significant differences between the frequency of fast food intake depending on children's pocket money (p<0.05), and children who took fast food more than twice a week tended to have more pocket money. According to these results, we report there are partly different trends in the consumption of fast food and food habits among the districts in Seoul. Therefore we suggest that different interventions be implemented within the different districts to reduce reliance on fast food restaurants and to address the perceptions of healthy eating as well as time and convenience barriers.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2009

본 연구는 강원도 원주 지역에 소재한 3개 중학교에 재학하는 1, 2학년 454명을 대상으로 패스트푸드 섭취 빈도에 따른 패스트푸드의 이용 태도, 패스트푸드에 대한 인식, 식습관, 건강관련 사항 등을 파악하기 위해 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 대상자 중 패스트푸드 자주 섭취군(주 1회 이상)은 29.5%, 보통 섭취군(한 달에 2~3회 정도)은 50.7%, 비섭취군(한달에 1회 이하)은 19.8%로 분류되었다. 패스트푸드를 먹는 목적으로 '간식용'의 비율은 자주 섭취군과 보통섭취군이 비섭취근에 비해 유의하게 높았고, 패스트푸드에 관한 개선점으로 세 군 모두 저렴한 가격과 덜 기름진 음식을 희망하였다. 패스트푸드에 대한 인식에서 자주 섭취군, 보통 섭취군은 비섭취군에 비해 패스트푸드가 배고픔 해소에 도움을 준다고 인식하였으며, 패스트푸드의 섭취 빈도가 많을수록 패스트푸드를 쉽게 사 먹을 수 있고, 메뉴가 다양해 질리지 않는 것으로 인식하였다. 또한 패스트푸드 비섭취군은 자주 섭취군, 보통 섭취군에 비해 식사량이 적당하고, 여러 가지 다양한 식품을 섭취하고 있었으며, 밥, 채소류, 과일류, 단백질, 우유 및 유제품, 해조류의 섭취가 더 많았다. 건강이상 증상 조사에서 자주 섭취군과 보통 섭취군은 비섭취군에 비해 졸음이 오고, 손발이 차고, 피부가 거칠은 증상을 더 자주 느꼈다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2016

간편성과 저렴한 가격, 대중매체를 통한 광고의 영향으로 청소년 소비층이 증가하지만, 한편 정크 푸드(junk food)'라는 오명을 지니는 패스트푸드에 대하여 대전에 거주하는 고등학생을 대상으로 섭취 실태를 조사하였다. 섭취빈도 조사 결과 프라이드치킨은 33회/년, 햄버거 29회/년, 피자 17회/년 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 햄버거, 피자, 프라이드치킨의 섭취빈도는 BMI 비만도별, 아침과 저녁 식사빈도별, 패스트푸드를 처음 먹었던 시기별 차이가 없었으며, 용돈의 경우 피자와 프라이드치킨은 용돈액수가 많은 사람이 섭취빈도가 높았다. 패스트푸드의 섭취자제 점수는 저체중 또는 비만 학생이 정상 체중의 학생보다 높았으며, 기대체격별 패스트푸드 섭취자제 점수는 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 비만도, 식사 빈도, 패스트푸드의 처음 섭취 시기는 패스트푸드 섭취빈도와 관련이 없었던 반면, 용돈액수는 많을수록 패스트푸드의 섭취빈도가 높았던 것으로 나타나 용돈액수를 줄이는 것이 패스트푸드의 섭취빈도를 낮추는 효과적인 수단으로 확인되었다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2004

This study was designed to examine fast food consumption, nutritional knowledge, food behavior and dietary intake of university students and to investigate if there were differences in these variables by fast food consumption. The questionnaire was administered to university students in Daejeon. Data(n=269) was analyzed using $x^2$-test and analysis of variance. Subjects were mostly female(62%) and freshmen or sophomores(86%). Based on the frequency of fast food consumption, subjects were categorized into non-users(27.9%), users(<2 times/week, 42%) and frequent users($\geq$2 times/week, 30.1%). Those who used fast foods(n=194) consumed the foods 7.5 times per month, on the average. Subjects scored 15.6 out of 20 on a nutritional knowledge scale, showing the moderate level of knowledge. When examined by fast food use, the nutritional knowledge score was 15.5 for non-users, 16.1 for users, and 15.0 for frequent-users(p<0.05). Only two items, regarding 'fat type(animal, plant) and health' and 'importance of having breakfast', were significantly different by fast food consumption, with user group and non-users scoring higher than frequent-users(p<0.05). Food behaviors, measured by 20 items, were not desirable, with mean scores of 51.5(possible score: 20-100). Subjects showed problems in eating meals regularly, eating a variety of foods, eating breakfast, and consumption of some food groups(vegetables, fruits, and proteins). Fast food non-users showed more desirable food behaviors than users or frequent-users, such as having processed foods (p<0.001) and eating-out less frequently(p<0.01). Dietary intake data showed that some nutrient intakes, including energy, calcium, iron, zinc and folic acid were less than 75% of the RDA. Index of nutritional quality(INQ) was adequate except for calcium and zinc. Compared to non-users or user group, frequent-users of fast foods consumed higher amounts of lipids(p<0.05), and had lower INQ for calcium(p<0.01). This study described the status of fast food consumption, nutritional knowledge, food behavior of university students, and provided some baseline data for planning nutrition education for university students.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-60
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• 1991

This survey was carried out to Investigate the effects of dietary attitude on the nutrition knowledge, food habits, the daily average nutrient Intakes and the intake of Instant food, convenience food & fast food between college women and their mothers. Questionnaires were completed by 214 college nutrition majors and also by their mothers numbering at 173. College women's mothers showed a better average in meal time regularities per week than that of. college women. Also it is the fact that the college women had a higher frequency rate of instant food and fast food than their mothers. In the case of both college women and mothers if they eat at regular meal times they had a higher score in food habits. But the daily average nutrient intakes was not significant because of the fact that the meal time regularity and nutrient intakes 414 not concise. The higher frequency of instant food intake had a lower score in food habits and nutrition knowledge. The higher frequency of fast food Intake had a higher food habits score but it also had a lower score in nutrition knowledge. As in the intake of instant food and convenience food the college women had a higher Intake frequency. In the dietary pattern the college women they liked to eat (lour foods. But their mothers liked to eat Korean foods. The selective motive and the degree of satisfaction of food service industry product was for convenience and time saving. The food service industry products were found to be unsatisfactory in nutrition and sanitation. Therefore we must be more aware of preventing the disappearance of Korean traditional foods. For the continuing development of our dietary culture we need to have the food service industry to develop more suitable diet for Korean.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2014

The aim of this investigation was to assess the relationship between food habits and nutrient intake in college female students. Nutrient intakes of 149 female subjects aged 19.3 y were determined by using 24-hr recall. The questionnaire included general characteristics and food habits (frequency of breakfast and fast food intake). Body composition was determined by bioim- pedance analysis. Nutrient analysis was performed with Can pro software. Statistics were generated using SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Mean intake of energy, fiber, calcium, potassium. vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin C by the subjects ware below KDRIs. The nutrients for which the largest proportion of subjects showed inadequate intakes (less than the RI or AI) were potassium, calcium, vitamin C and fiber. Subjects that consumed fast food ${\leq}6$ times showed significantly lower intakes of calcium, potassium, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$ and vitamin C. Subjects who skipped breakfast more frequently showed significantly lower intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin C than subjects who ate breakfast more frequently. This is strong evidence that higher intakes of nutrients such as potassium, fiber, and calcium are associated with increased frequency of eating breakfast or decreased frequency of eating fast food. Low calcium, fiber, and potassium intakes may thus lead to chronic diseases. Nutrition education can be an important facilitator for improving nutrient intakes.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.685-694
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• 1998

This cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the changes of plasma cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk factors in Korea. Overnight fasting plasma levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose were analyzed. Blood pressure and anthropometric data were also measured. Health practice factors such as smoking status, alcohol consumption and frequency fo exercise were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. Questions regarding dietary habits and food preferences were also asked. Seventy eight percent of the subjects had more than one CVD risk factor. Plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and fasting blood glucose were significantly increased according to the subjects body mass index$(kg/m^2$, BMI), whereas HDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol and blood pressure showed no significant differences with BMI. Current smokers had significantly high plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. Alcohol consumption significantly increased plasma total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar, but regular exercise had no effects on the plasma CVD risk factors. Overeating and frequency of fast food consumption were positively correlated with the CVD risk score, whereas intake of grains, meats and vegetables were negatively correlated with that score. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of specific dietary factors on plasma lipid levels. For plasma total cholesterol level, the frequency of fast food intake explained 8% of the variance, followed by habitual overeating, frequency of grain intake and high cholesterol food intake(Model $R^2$=22.4%). For plasma triacylglycerol level, preference of oily foods accounted for 7.5% of the variance, followed by eating breakfast, preference of fruit and frequency of grain intake(Model $R^2$=22.0%). The findings suggest that intervention programs to reduce the risk of CVD should focus on health practice through reducing BMI, smoking cessation and moderate or no alcohol drinking. Moreover, desirable dietary habits such as eating breakfast, not overeating and reduced intake of fast food may improve CVD risk.