• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.551-579
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• 2012

This case study aims to explore how RDA PLA model affects the agri-SMEs' empowerment. As an agri-business management renovation program from main workshop it was conducted on March to December 2011 with agri-SMEs and extension officials nationwide by RDA. Especially, as a packaged action learning process in the model used participatory action research. This study collected data with participants observation, interviews, situational analysis and systematic review of discourse in qualitative method. For the validity and identifying empirical results, this study used statistic analysis as a mixed method. Further including various pedagogic methods and business coaching skills, this model was conducted from workshop in RDA, in turn, on-farm business coaching as follow-up, CoPs' activities, and local ATCs extension services by each actors. The dynamic process and effects of each process led some change for farmers' innovative knowledge, skills, attitude, practice and aspiration on their farm business. RDA PLA model development based on the previous practices and research, which provided a configurated picture in the holistic action learning process. In statistic research, this study focused on 279 farmers as respondents who had participated in the program. It shows that their income and benefits increased from their renovative practices on farm business. Following the sampling group, it was surveyed by four indicators - products, customer, quality and cost. The level of contribution of education on economic impact 15% is quoted from previous paper. Even in some limitations of public sector, RDA PLA model actively suggests the paradigm shift of agricultural HRD and development of alternative extension-service system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1499-1512
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• 2014

The purposes of this study are to assess pig farmers' preference for highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) vaccine, and estimate the cost and benefit of PRRS vaccination in Vietnam. This study employed an integrated epidemiological and economic analysis which combined susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model, choice experiment (CE) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) together. The result of SIR model showed the basic reproduction number ($R_0$) of PRRS transmission in this study is 1.3, consequently, the optimal vaccination percentage is 26%. The results of CE in this study indicate that Vietnam pig farmers are showing a high preference for the PRRS vaccine. However, their mean willingness to pay is lower than the potential cost of PRRS vaccine. It can be considered to be one of the reasons that the PRRS vaccination ratio is still low in Vietnam. The results of CBA specified from the whole society's point of view (Social perspective), the benefits of PRRS vaccination are 2.3 to 4.5 times larger than the costs. To support policy making for increasing the PRRS vaccination proportion, this study indicates two ways to increase the vaccination proportion: i) decrease vaccine price by providing a subsidy, ii) provide compensation of culling only for PRRS vaccinated pigs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2018

The aim of our study was to provide a basic data for the development of a small greenhouse model suitable for urban farmers. The study analyzed installation inclination, positive and negative reasons for installation, location of installation, preferred crops in small greenhouses, plans for use of products, and expected effects by using small greenhouse. Positive opinion on small greenhouse installation was 80.4% of the survey respondents. The most positive reason for the installation of small greenhouses was fresh and safe food supply, and the negative reason was maintenance difficulties. The results obtained in our survey indicated that small greenhouses were more likely to be installed near the house, and urban farmers tended to grow organic leafy vegetables in soil. The expected benefits of small greenhouse operation were largely divided into 'benefit for the improvement of the quality of life' and 'benefit for economic profits', and expectation for the improvement of the quality of life was higher than economic benefit. As a result of the Likert 5-point scale analysis, 'benefit for the improvement of the quality of life' by using a small greenhouse was graded as high as 4.17~4.60. On the other hand, the 'benefit to economic profits' was rated as low as 3.51~4.14.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.587-602
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• 2011

Improved efficiency in the use of natural resources, pragmatic production systems and environmental sustainability, justified by the need for improved land use systems and increased productivity, are discussed in the context of Asian integrated systems, diversification, and issues of sustainability. The importance of these are reflected by serious inadequate animal protein production throughout Asia, where available supplies cannot match current and projected human requirements up to 2050. Among the ruminant production systems, integrated tree crops-ruminant production systems are grossly underestimated and merit emphasis and expansion. As an example, integrated oil palm- based system is an important pathway for integration with ruminants (buffaloes, cattle, goats and sheep), and provides the entry point for development. The importance and benefits of integrated systems are discussed, involving animals with annual and perennial tree crops, integration with aquaculture, the significance of crop-animal interactions, stratification of the systems, production options, improved use of forages and legumes, potential for enhanced productivity, implications for improved livelihoods of the rural poor and the stability of farm households. The advances in research and development in South East Asia highlight demonstrable increased productivity from animals and meat offtakes, value addition to the oil palm crop, sustainable development, and distinct economic impacts. The results from 12 out of a total of 24 case studies concerning oil palm over the past three decades showed increased yield of 0.49-3.52 mt of fresh fruit bunches (FFB)/ha/yr; increased income by about 30%; savings in weeding costs by 47- 60% equivalent to 21-62 RM/ha/yr; and an internal rate of return of 19% based on actual field data. The results provide important socio-economic benefits for resource-poor small farmers. Potential increased offtakes and additional income exist with the integration of goats. Additionally, the potential for carbon sequestration with tree crops is an advantage. The reasons for low adoption of the syatems are poor awareness of the potential of integrated systems, resistance by the crop- oriented plantation sector, and inadequate technology application. Promoting wider expansion and adoption of the systems in the future is linked directly with coherent policy, institutional commitment, increased investments, private sector involvement, and a stimulus package of incentives.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1017-1035
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• 2018

The European Union (EU) is the world's third largest producer of beef. This contributes to the economy, rural development, social life, culture and gastronomy of Europe. The diversity of breeds, animal types (cows, bulls, steers, heifers) and farming systems (intensive, extensive on permanent or temporary pastures, mixed, breeders, feeders, etc) is a strength, and a weakness as the industry is often fragmented and poorly connected. There are also societal concerns regarding animal welfare and environmental issues, despite some positive environmental impacts of farming systems. The EU is amongst the most efficient for beef production as demonstrated by a relative low production of greenhouse gases. Due to regional differences in terms of climate, pasture availability, livestock practices and farms characteristics, productivity and incomes of beef producers vary widely across regions, being among the lowest of the agricultural systems. The beef industry is facing unprecedented challenges related to animal welfare, environmental impact, origin, authenticity, nutritional benefits and eating quality of beef. These may affect the whole industry, especially its farmers. It is therefore essential to bring the beef industry together to spread best practice and better exploit research to maintain and develop an economically viable and sustainable beef industry. Meeting consumers' expectations may be achieved by a better prediction of beef palatability using a modelling approach, such as in Australia. There is a need for accurate information and dissemination on the benefits and issues of beef for human health and for environmental impact. A better objective description of goods and services derived from livestock farming is also required. Putting into practice "agroecology" and organic farming principles are other potential avenues for the future. Different future scenarios can be written depending on the major driving forces, notably meat consumption, climate change, environmental policies and future organization of the supply chain.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

The main purpose of this study is to get insight into the essential cognitive basis of local food purchase behavior based on Ajzen's (1991) theory of planned behavior. By asking open-ended questions using an online survey, participants' (n=163) salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs in regard to local food purchase were assessed and analyzed. The most salient advantage was supporting local economy, followed by freshness, knowledge of where the food came from and how it was handled, environmental benefits, and health benefits. Assessing to consumers' normative beliefs found that local businesses, local farmers, family, local people, and friends were the most frequently mentioned individuals or groups who would approve consumers' local food purchasing. In contrast, the most salient barrier was inconvenient store location and time, followed by higher prices, limited availability and variety, and limited knowledge about where to buy local food.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.39-52
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• 2023

There is a clear need to enhance the attractiveness of rural areas by leveraging their core assets to respond to emerging mega-trends. This paper analyzes the progress of the direct payment program that has been implemented to preserve agricultural landscapes in rural areas, using spatial information data. The study identified the planting characteristics of landscape crops, spatial utilization characteristics of the system, and utilization characteristics of the system by the beneficiaries. According to the analysis, the spatial utilization characteristics of the system could be classified into eight types: tourism resources and nearby agricultural areas, designation across the entire rural area, agricultural areas around villages, large-scale agricultural areas, small-scale agricultural areas, scattered and dispersed areas, independent parcels of land, and ranches. Based on the characteristics and limitations of the landscape preservation direct payment system, this study provides directions for future rural specialized zones. The landscape preservation direct payment system focuses on income support for farmers and providing agricultural benefits in terms of public interest. Meanwhile, the landscape agricultural zone serves as a rural specialized zone, highlighting the need to explore the direction of integrated rural landscape management. It is important for farmers, as the key stakeholders, to preserve the agricultural landscape in rural areas. Forming community-level cooperatives and engaging in relevant activities are crucial for achieving this goal. In order to actively preserve the agricultural landscape, it is necessary to consider the resumption of financial support for village landscape preservation activities, along with the designation of landscape agricultural zones. There is a need to conduct a specific review and explore measures to accommodate the designated landscape complexes at the local government level. The higher the ratio of designated landscape complexes, the more agricultural landscape management based on public value has been carried out. The designation of such landscape complexes can be seen as a demand for voluntary utilization of agricultural landscapes in the region. Moreover, as the ratio of designated landscape complexes increases, it becomes evident that farmers at the village level actively participate in agricultural landscape preservation and contribute to providing public value or utilize it as a tourism resource. This highlights the need for managing agricultural landscapes at the village level within the appropriate context.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.523-537
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• 2007

This study aimed to explore residents' perceptions towards Kangwon Land Casino. An on-site survey was conducted for residents in the casino communities using self-administered questionnaires. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 191 residents in the study area. A factor-clustering method identified four distinct segments: positive perceived impact residents (52.8%), negative perceived impact residents (11.3%), unconcerned residents (28.9%), and selectively perceived impact residents (6.9%). Results showed that women and younger residents are more likely to perceive positive impact with casino development. Men, middle-aged residents and farmers are more likely to perceive negative impact with casino development. White-collar business-class residents are more likely to perceive the impact selectively with casino development. We suggest that the stakeholders including public bodies on casino industry development boards share with local residents information on the economic benefits and other topics related to the casino business.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.295-308
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• 2016

The purposes of this research are to not only investigate the time-based and regional characteristics in process of development of rural tourism in China, but also explain the significances of rural tourism in China by economic-political significance and social-cultural significance. The characteristics and significances investigated throughout this research are as follows. First, the development of rural tourism in China can be divided by three stages: the first stage(1980-1990), the second stage(1990-2000), the third stage (2000 -). Second, the rural tourism in China has been mainly developed around the metropolitan city such as Beijing, Chengdu. But, they showed different characteristics in process of development of rural tourism. Third, rural tourism in China has been used in solving san-nong(三農) problems which are the most urgent issues in contemporary China and reducing the gaps of living standard between urban and rural area. Forth, rural tourism in China has contributed in satisfying the needs of travel and leisure caused by the improvement of living standard of people due to China's rapid economic growth. Last, it is suggested in this research that the legal and institutional systems be prepared to guarantee the benefits of farmers.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.672-679
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• 2014

We studied an activation plan for utilizing eco-friendly agricultural products from agricultural producers' perspective through delphi techniques. Certification types of eco-friendly agricultural products held by producers were low-pesticide 26.1%, no-pesticide 39.1% and organic 52.2%. The major problems in handling the eco-friendly agricultural products were as follows: 'consumer distrust', 'lack of reliable and continuous shipping quantity' and 'lack of storage facilities, such as cold storage'. The major benefits of direct transactions between producers of eco-friendly agricultural products and processed food manufacturers including HMR processing companies were 'obtaining fresh food ingredients for processing' and 'confidence-building and income stabilization'. Regarding requirements for cooperation of eco-friendly agricultural producers and processed food manufacturers including HMR processing companies, the most common answers was 'multi-year contract based on trust'. When asked about governmental support for efficient cooperation between eco-friendly agricultural producers and processed food manufacturers including HMR processing companies, the most common answer was 'supporting plan for small producers' and 'arrangement for appropriate potential consumers'.