• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 1993

Nowaday, there have a lot of changes in the demands of the aged persons. Their problems also came to the fore with diverse forms under the influences of industrialization, urbanization and nuclear family. To make the matter worse, the aged population is mounting rapidly. Also, such structure as nuclear family is widely disseminating uncomfortable to the aged. People is mainly being guided by self interest above everything else. Indeed, they had, all together, bad effects on our traditional value system regarding 'respect for the aged and devotion to patients'. It seems unfortunately obvious that the family responsibility is gradually weakening to support the old who is a dependent family. The result is that the aged must have suffered all sorts of hardships in lightenning psychological, physical and economical difficulties. First, to grasp the situations and conditions supporting for single aged persons from each view of psychological, emotional, family-relational, healthy, social and economical standpoints, and second, to analyze their own recognition levels thinking of their health conditions and the relationships between the supporting environments of old family dependants and their psychological healths and then finally, to propose suggestions being able to be helpful for living comfortably in an old age and thereby, building up good family relation. The statistical techniques used to analyze 115 respondents living in Puchun city are frequency, $x^2$ test, t-Jest, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficiency and Regression analysis (SPSS package), pertnent to prove the hypothesis suggested in this paper. Of course, it is needless to say that more data are needed on this point. However, several main research findings can be summarized as follows: First, the better single aged persons may be in the habit of eating a meal and the higher they may think of their physical health conditions and movement, the more they want to participate in economic activities to be free from economical dependence upon their children and to overcome lonliness. Second, single aged women appear to have had higher ability to take care their health for themself than single aged men do. It is why signle aged women do not, in general, have big problems to manage their health. But, as shown in this paper, single aged person"s were more liable to the diseases of the aged and, thereby, requiring special medical treatment badly to be healthy. Third. single aged persons revealed potential desires to free themself from socio economic dependence upon their children even in simple labor Job which can draw a monthly salary of about W200, 000. Fourth, they are generally satisfied with their children's filial piety toward them. Nonethless, most of them appear to be reluctantly dependent upon their children and live lonly lives very much. Fifth, they seem to have some hesitation in expressing their candid opinions as that then are some others along with family environmental factors for psychological and emotiona stability. Accordingly, it is safe to conclude by saying that much attention should' be paid no only to socio-economic supports and better medical services for the aged but also to political supports of the society and towards their children for the aged's emotiona support, for improving the quality of their lives in old age and promoting efficiency in suporting for old family dependants.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.36-50
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate quantity food production practices in foodservices by analysing the menus of April, 1996, The questionnaire was developed and responded to by 96 dietitians in Sangju, Munkyung, Gumee, Kimchun, and Andong during November, 1996. The survey was performed by simple random samplings. The results were as follosw; 1. Hospitals and industry served food for thirty days and schools for twenty days. Kimchi was a select-menu for hospitals and one side dish for industry and schools. The type of menu was a single use menu which consisted of cooked rice, soups and three side dishes. 2. The most frequently used ingredients were green onions, rice, carrots, onions, Korean radish roots, pork, eggs, glutinous rice, and milk. Kimchis were served most frequently in all food services and cooked rices and soups were next. 3. The age of most of the respondents was 26 to 30.54.2% of subjects were juniou college graduates and 77.1% were single. Fifty seven point three percent of the dietitians lived with family relatives, or friends. 87.5% of the dietitians had been working for 1 to 5 years. 4. Most foodservices were self-operated. The number of meals served was determined by meal coupon counting in hospitals(37.5%), meal board counting in industry(29.2%), and attendance card counting in schools(41.1%) The cost of sales per meal was approximately 2,450 won in hospitals and was approximately 1,100 won in industry and schools. The average number of days per menucycle was 7.4 in hospitals. 10.3 in industry and 25.5 in schools. Hospitals, industry, and schools held about 118, 265 and 263 recipes respectively. The average number of dietitians was 2.6 in hospitals and 1.0 in industry and schools. Except for the number of recipes, the general practices of foodservices were significantly different(P<0.05). 5. In the general quantity food production, food and seasonings measuring was hardly done. the percentage of foodservices using chemical seasonings was higher in hospitals and industry than in schools. the most important concern was taste, Registered cooks were employed in 75% of schools but only 50.0% in hospitals and 20.8% in industry. Most of the dietitians respinded that their cooks skill was not bad. The education of unregistered cooks was performen once or two times a month in hospitals and industry, and in schools performed everyday. The problem when educating cooks was the lack of cooking skill of the dietitians in schools, and the lack of time in hospitals, and the negative attitude toward education in industry. The method for improving cooking in all foodservices was OJT, or the extension of education facilities and the development and dissemination of standard recipes. The frequency of throwing away leftovers was higher in hospitals. But in industry, the frequency of saving leftovers was higher. 6. Though all foodservices have standard recipes, the number that used them was low, Another problem is that standard recipes resulted in leftovers. The inconveniences of using standard recipes were the difficulty of applying standard recipes to various numbers of customers the complication of use, or facility insufficiency.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to suggest how the first birthday rite, a practice in Korean culture, has changed over the time. A survey of 250 mothers was undertaken from October 11th to November 6th, 2012. The research questions asked in this study are as follows. What general and expert views are held about the first birthday rite? What type of awareness and knowledge do mothers have about the first birthday rite? Is there any correlation between mothers' awareness and knowledge about first birthday rite? What is the importance of the components of the baby's first birthday rite and the importance of choosing first birthday rite goods? The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Frequency, F-test, correlation were also employed. The results of this study are as follows: The first birthday rite shows a clear link to socializing. It is a family event, but is also seen as an opportunity to enhance relationships with relatives, colleagues, and friends. A banquet hall is chosen as preferred first birthday rite location, and participants are served a meal and receive gifts. The banquet information on first birthday rites was initially collected from the internet, blog cafes, and an experienced. However, it has become gradually more common to hire a consultant to organize the first birthday rite. Awareness of the first birthday rite is high, but knowledge is relatively low. In addition, there is a positive relationship between awareness and knowledge about the first birthday rite. When mothers are preparing for their baby's first birthday, they consider food for the guests' banquet, space and time. Finally, individual positive relationships were found between choosing first birthday rite goods and employee services, contract pricing for goods, and food for guests.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.336-347
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate eating-out behavior patterns of youths, especially junior high and senior high school students. 1600 questionnaire surveys were distributed and 1487 were used for analysis. In order to consider regional differences as well as overall characteristics of youths' eating-out behaviors, the subjects were evenly sampled from north Seoul, south Seoul, big cities, middle/small cities and small towns. As for the frequency of eating-out, 62.7% of respondents answered once to twice per week. For the can of more than 5 times of eating-out per week, the respondents from south Seoul showed the highest frequency. For the case of no eating-out, the highest frequency was shown from the small towns. As for the most frequently visited place for eating-out, 33.6% of respondents answered Korean style restaurants, and 17.6% Boon-sik(Sanck-bar). Regarding the preference of Korean style restaurants, the highest rate was shown from the residents of big cities. For the question of when they eat out, 89.6% answered dinner and 6.3% lunch. For the question about reason of choosing particular restaurants, 61.5% of respondents referred to tastes and 16.6% price. For the question of the most important reason of eating out, 52.6% point out 'meal solution' and 25.6% 'for meeting.' As for the people accompanied when eating out, 67.2% of the respondents answered family. For the cost of eating out per person, 45.7% of the respondents spent 2000-4000 won for lunch; 31.1% spent 5000-10,000 won for dinner; 33.7% of the respondents spent more than 20,000 won for the special events. Regarding the regional differences of eating-out cost, respondents from south Seoul tended to spend the biggest amount of money for lunch, dinner and special day.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.51-74
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• 1991

It has been many changes in traditional Korean food habits according to the improvement of household income levels and the rise of standard of living. Therefore, the pattern of consumption in animal origin processed/convenient foods would have changed. This research aims to find the tendency of consumption in some animal origin processed/convenient foods compared with typical Korean traditional foods according to household income levels. Therefore, this survey was made on 698 children from 10 elementary schools located in Seoul. They were divided into 6 groups according to their household income levels. The data were analysed using Chi-square test and F-test in SPSS package program. From this research, the following results were obtained: 1. Their average monthly household income levels were between 500, 000~1, 500, 000 won(64.2%) and their family were of mostly 4~5 members. There were no significant differences in children's physical status among various income groups. As the household. income level increases, the food expenditure per month increases and Engel's coefficient decreases. 2. The animal origin processed/convenient foods that have no significant differences are ham, sausage, milk, yogurt, canned fish, and fish meal. The high-income groups preferred bacon, cheese, pork cutlet, and fried chicken, compared to those of low-income groups. The low-income groups preferred crab-flavored meal, compared to those of high-income groups. 3. In some Korean traditional foods, there were significant differences according to income levels. Those were Bulgogi, baked fish, fried meat, cooked fish and meat with soy-bean sauce. Fried fish and anchovy have no significant differences in food intake frequency according to household income levels. Chicken and egg saute are liked by children in every income groups. 4. Between the animal origin processed/convenient foods and the typical Korean nonprocessed traditional foods, children preferred the former regardless of income levels. In conclusion, animal origin processed/convenient food consumption patterns were not affected by household income levels.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating habits. nutritional knowledge and the active use of information from the eating habits chapter of the textbook by middle school students of Korea and Japan. 9th grade students of 7 middle schools residing in Gyeongju and Hukuoka. Japan (592 Korean students. 546 Japanese students) participated in this study. Research data were collected by means of questionnaires and analyzed by such means as frequency, percentage. means. standard deviation. $\chi$$^2$-test, t-test, F-test and Pearson's correlation analysis employing SPSS Program. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. In terms of the physical features of middle school students, the height of Korean students tend to be taller than Japanese students. The weight of Korean students are on the average heavier than Japanese students. Research also proves that Japanese families have more family members. Korea has more full time housewives as well. Regarding their health. Korea has more people who consider themselves healthy than Japan does. 2. More students in Japan tend to eat breakfast and dinner everyday compared with Korea. Students eat snacks at night more in Korea than Japan. The average meal takes less than 20 minutes in Korea. It takes less than 30 minutes in Japan. Dinner is considered to be most important meal by the students of Korea and Japan. Meat. noodles. bread and cake are highly enjoyed by the students of both nations. 3. There was a little difference between Korean and Japanese students. concerning the necessity of nutrition education because they both study home economics. 4. The use of information from the textbook shows. most students eat green vegetable almost everyday but Korean students tested as eating more. Japanese students more often say they drink more than a cup of milk everyday The Japanese students have higher rates of using information from the textbooks. drink milk everyday. eat bean paste soup. eat a lot of meat and fish. 5. It turns out that students who have more nutritional knowledge have a low late of eating convenience food and student who utilize the chapter in the textbook in everyday life have low rates of eating convenience food.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.1244-1255
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• 2011

본 연구는 서울지역 인문계와 실업계 고등학교에 재학 중인 남녀 548명을 대상으로 아침식사, 단독식사 및 가족식사에 대한 실태와 영양지식을 비교 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사대상자의 어머니 교육정도는 대부분 고졸과 대졸이었고(p<0.001), 실업계 학생이 인문계 학생보다 어머니의 직장이 있는 경우가 많았다(p<0.01). 가족형태는 부모님과 형제와 함께 살고 있는 학생이 인문계 75.4%, 실업계 73.9%로 조사되었다. 아침식사 횟수의 조사에서 아침식사를 '거의 매일 먹는다'로 응답한 경우 인문계 67.6%, 실업계 45.3%, '먹지 않음'으로 응답한 경우는 인문계 7.0%, 실업계 15.6%로 나타났고(p<0.001), 인문계 학생이 실업계 학생보다 아침식사의 횟수가 많음을 알 수 있었다. 단독식사를 하는 이유로 '내가 바빠서'라고 응답한 경우가 44.0%로 가장 많았고(p<0.001), 단독식사의 주식의 형태로 '밥과 반찬'으로 식사한다는 조사가 53.1%로 나타났다(p<0.05). 단독식사할 때 식사시간의 규칙성에서 '불규칙하다'는 응답(34.9%)에서 실업계 학생이 인문계 학생보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 식사속도는 대체로 빠른 편이었고, 단독식사 할 때 좋지 않은 식습관 중에 가장 문제가 되는 것으로 '불규칙한 식사시간', '편식' 및 '인스턴트식품 섭취'의 순으로 조사되었다(p<0.01). 가족식사의 인식 조사에서 '함께 사는 가족이 모두 모여 식사하는 것이 가족식사'라고 생각한다는 응답(70.6%)이 가장 많았고(p<0.05), 가족식사의 유무는 인문계 학생이 실업계 학생보다 11.8% 더 많이 가족식사를 갖고 있다고 생각하였다(p<0.01). 가족식사의 횟수를 '일주일에 1~2회 한다'는 응답이 173명(31.6%), 가족식사의 좋은 점으로 '가족 분위기가 좋아질 수 있다'는 응답(35.4%)이 가장 많았다(p<0.05). 가족식사를 하는 날로 '주말 또는 공휴일'이 50% 이상으로 우리나라 고등학생들은 평일에는 학교와 학원수업으로 바빠서 상대적으로 온 가족이 시간적 여유가 있는 주말 또는 공휴일에 가족과 함께 식사를 하게 되는 경우가 많음을 보여주었다. 가족식사의 태도, 환경 및 참여도에 대한 동의 정도를 측정한 결과, 가족식사의 태도의 평가에서는 대체적으로 실업계에 비해 인문계가 모두 동의하는 정도가 높게 나타났으며, 가족식사 횟수에 따른 가족식사의 태도, 환경 및 참여도에 대한 동의 정도를 측정한 결과, 가족식사의 태도에 대한 동의 정도는 모든 평가에서 가족식사의 횟수가 많은 집단에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 영양지식에 대해 분석한 결과, 열량에 대한 항목에서 가장 높은 점수를 보인 항목은 '체중을 줄이기 위해서는 식사 조절보다 운동이 효과적이다'(인문계 0.65, 실업계 0.61)이었고, 영양소에 관련하여 가장 높은 점수를 보인 항목은 '다양한 영양소를 가진 식사가 좋은 식사이다'(인문계 0.85, 실업계 0.80)이었다. 영양소의 급원식품 및 기타 항목에서 '등푸른 생선은 고도의 불포화지방산이 풍부한 좋은 지방공급원이다'의 항목에서 가장 낮은 점수를 보였다(인문계 0.51, 실업계 0.47). 영양지식 점수 '상', '중' 및 '하'에 따른 가족식사의 태도, 환경 및 참여도에 대한 동의 정도는 영양지식 점수 '상'인 집단에서 가족식사의 동의 정도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과에서 대부분의 청소년들은 아침식사를 하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 인문계 학생이 실업계 학생보다 아침식사의 횟수가 많음을 알 수 있었다. 인문계 학생들은 학습 및 학원시간 등으로 본인 바쁜 이유로, 실업계 학생들은 불규칙한 생활습관에 따른 식사시간의 불규칙으로 인해서 단독식사를 하고 있었다. 단독식사 시 좋지 않은 식습관으로 인문계 학생들은 방과 후 자율학습 및 학원수강 등으로 집 밖에서 식사를 많이 하게 되므로 패스트푸드나 인스턴트식품을 자주 먹는다는 것으로 조사되었다. 그리고 인문계 학생들이 실업계 학생들보다 가족식사에 대한 동의 정도가 높게 나타났으며, 대부분 가족식사의 횟수가 많은 집단과 영양지식 점수가 '상'인 집단에서 가족식사에 대한 동의 정도는 높았다. 따라서 인문계와 실업계 청소년들 모두에게 매일 반복되는 식사의 중요성과 온 가족이 모여서 하는 가족식사가 개별적으로 하는 단독식사보다 식사환경에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 것을 인식시킬 필요가 있으며 지속적인 영양교육을 통해 식생활 개선 노력이 요구된다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.545-555
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• 2004

Purpose: the purposes of this study were: to contribute to maintaining and promoting health for female college students by identifying their body weight control behaviors and the Affecting factors; and, to serve as a basis for the development of weight control programs to orient their weight management to a desirable direction specifically for those who have low or normal body weight but still practice body weight control in a way that is neither useful nor desirable. Method: The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC 10.0 statistical program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Stepwise multiple regression. Result: The main predictive factors affecting body weight control was 'between - meal snack', 'family support', 'satisfaction with their diet', 'possession of secret method for weight loss', 'body image', 'satisfaction with university life', and 'interest in weight control'. Conclusion: It may be necessary to develope educational programs on weight control for female collegians in consideration of affecting body weight control behavior.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2011

Purpose: To investigate the frequency of breakfast skipping and affecting factors in children in poverty. Methods: The subjects were 644 children who were receiving the services of community child center or delivery meal-box. They were asked about their socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviors and breakfast-skipping status in the survey. Results: Breakfast-skippers were 17.4% of the subjects. The count of negative health behaviors in breakfast skippers was higher than that in eaters, and the behaviors of exercise, screen time, alcohol experience, and smoking experience were worse in skippers than in eaters. The odds ratio of breakfast skipping was higher in female children (OR=2.53, p<.001), those with single father (OR=3.76, p<.001) or single mother (OR=1.83 p=.030), those with alcohol experience (OR=1.82, p=.022) and smoking experience (OR=2.80, p=.003), and under-weight ones (OR=2.54, p=.048). Conclusion: Breakfast skipping is associated with gender, family structure, alcohol experience, smoking experience and BMI. Children in poverty need comprehensive health promotion programs including interventions for breakfast skipping and health behaviors.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.172-185
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the information concerning dietary patterns and analysis of the various factors that influence obesity. The subjects of this study were 1,020 middle and high school students in Seoul. Subjects were classified into under weight, normal weight and over weight group by body mass index. We investigated eating habits, life habits, food behavior and food consumption. Data were collected by questionnair and analysed with the SAS program. The results of this study way are summarized and concluded as fellows; In the case of dietary pattern, over weight group showed significantly higher in skipping a meal than the other group. Also over weight group tend to eat fast. There were significant differences of food intake frequency score by body mass index. From the results of factor analysis of variable related to obesity, 4 factors were generated and the factors were named 'Food behavior related to obesity', 'Snack consumption pattern', 'Life habit', 'Family environment related to food habit'. These factors were associated with obesity. To maintain nutritional balance and health, we should implement to ensure good dietary patterns.