• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

This purpose of study is the effects of parents' family-of-origin experience on their parenting behaviors of 260 parents with child(ren) aged between 3-7. The results were as follows: First, father's with higher monthly average income showed more frequent responsive parenting behaviors. Mothers with different age, income, employment status, employment of their mother in the family of origin, and current family types showed different levels of limit-setting, intimacy, and responsivenss in their parenting. Second, both parents' experiences from their family of orgin were correlated their parenting behaviors. Third, regression analysis revealed that mothers were found to give their children more reasonable guidance if they experienced more independence from their parents and more acceptance from their mothers, if they raise more than two kids, and if their family of origin was an extended type. Fathers who perceived higher family of health, more acceptance by their mothers showed more limit setting parenting behavior.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.2
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• pp.19-34
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analysis level on family caregiver's burden for the elderly with chronic disease in a rural area and to choose priority care group, thereby facilitating the development of interventions to reduce the caregiver's burden. For this purpose, data were collected by questionaire from June 10 to October 8, 1994. The instruments for data collection were Caregiver Burden Inventory by Novak(1989) and Zarit et al(1982), severity of dementia by Hughes Scales(1982), ADL by Lawton(1971), patients' family caregiving activity by pre-survey and reference review(Lee, 1993 ; Jang, 1990 ; Yoo, 1982). The subjects were 213 family caregiver of elderly with chronic disease in a rural area. The data was analysed by the use of t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression. The results were as follows ; 1. Total burden was evaluated below average, the mean of family burden was 46.98. By the diagnostic classification, Hypertension was 27.37, DM 32.46, CVA 62.96, Dementia 61.24. 2. Significant variables which were correlated to the family caregiver's burden were the patient's disease diagnosis (F=33.82, p<0.001), severity of dementia(F=30.52, p<0.001), the status of disease management(F=11.53, p<0.001), ADL(F=10.54, p<0.001), PADL(F=7.50, p<0.001), income(F=7.17, p<0.001), caregiver's health status(F=24.53, p<0.001), a view of patient's prognosis (F=22.17, p<0.001), relationship with the patient(F=33.82, p<0.001), the number of hours per day spent on caregiving(F=77.52, p<0.001), level of intimacy of caregiver and patients(F=8.75, p<0.001), level of helping(F=4.90, p<0.01), the frequency of caregiving activity(F=3.80, p<0.01), the number of admission(F=5.54, p<0.01), the length of caregiving(F=4.43, p<0.01), other chronic patient in family(t=2.81, p<0.01), caregiver's job(F=3.11, p<0.01), the duration of illness(F=2.98, p<0.05), caregiver's religion(F=2.93, p<0.05), medical security(F=3.89, p<0.05), caregiving's helper(t=2.42, p<0.05). 3. PADL was the most important predictor to family caregiver burden(R2=0.6611). In addition to this, IADL, caregiver's health status, the length of caregiving. level of intimacy of caregiver and patients, patient's age, the patient's disease diagnosis and patient's job accounted for 76% of family caregiver burden. 4. The criteria of priority care group were as follows ; the mean of family caregiver burden was above 58, above of moderate ADL, the number of hours per day spent on caregiving above of 8 hours, above of moderate dementia. By the diagnostic classification, number of priority care group, Hypertension was 4 (8.0%), DM 4(8.0%), CVA 34(64.1%), Dementia 45(75.0%).

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.6 s.78
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• pp.167-178
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate various assects of late parenthood among Korean parents, including motivation, emotional response, advantages and disadvantages of late parenthood, intimacy, and effects on child. Subjects were IS mothers who gave birth after 35 years old for both mother and father. The study was conducted by means of a questionnaire and an in-depth interview. The most significant reason for late parenthood was found to be a son preference. brothers of the only could expressed very special emotional responses toward the child, compared to those who gave a birth to the second or the third child after 35. Respondents identified advantages and disadvantages of late parenthood in terms of child rare attitudes, maturity, financial conditions, and physical strength. However, most of the respondents would not recommend late parenthood to others. Directions for future research were given in terms of subjects of study, such as parents from rural area, working class, and wide range of ages.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.201-214
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the social-psycholigcal marital conflict contents and marital conflict degree and find out how socio-demographic variables had an effect on marital conflict. For these pourposes 265 couples in the early marriage stage in seoul were randomly selected. The data were analysed through statistical methods such as frequency percentile paired t-test F-test Scheffe-test factor analysis. The major finding of this study were as follows: First the main social-psychological marital conflict contents was the attitude or habit of life communication sexual life personality and intimacy. Second the degree of marital conflict was relatively low. Taking a look at each conflict fact wives was higher than husbands in the degree of the conflict in intimacy factor. Third among socio-demographic variables level of family income wife's education and marriage style had influences on the the marital conflict degree.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.57-63
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• 2016

The purpose of the study is to investigate the preference by emoticon types according to the gender of sender, emotion types of message and intimacy with the recipient. Results show that women mostly prefer to use dynamic and imaged emoticon than men. However, the preference of using text messages increases when both men and women express uncomfortable emotion. Especially, when users send family messages, they tend to prefer for text message. And when users send close friends messages, the preference for dynamic and imaged emoticon is high. When users send distant friends messages, the similar tendency is shown regardless of emotion. These results can provide the information to use emoticon in the filed of education and take advantage in digital education and mobile education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.297-306
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship between social support and morale in the elderly. Method: A structured questionnaire was carried out from April, 2003 to June, 2003 on 203 elderly. The data was analyzed with a SPSS program for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression was done Result: The level of social support was moderate, and family support was the highest score. In types of support, appraisal support was the highest score. The level of morale was slightly lower than moderate, and the score of social support showed significantly positive correlation with morale. In general characteristics, several variables were significantly related to social support and morale. The most powerful predictor of morale was material support by family and the variance was 19.6%. A combination of material support by family, emotional support by relatives, level of satisfaction with pocket money, perceived health, level of intimacy with one's children, and material support by friends account for 43.3% of the variance in morale of the elderly. Conclusion: To increase the morale of the elderly, it is necessary to consolidate material support by family and relatives.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-109
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• 2015

This study explores interpretations of grandmothers' experiences rearing their grandchildren. For this study, 13 participants provided in-depth interview data, which was analyzed according to Spradely's ethnographic method. Based on the pattern of interpretations, nine concepts were classified into three categories: (i) repentance (compulsive decisions, passivity of the childrearing activity, non-compensation); (ii) sorrow (restrictions on everyday life, renunciation of occupational careers, worsened health); and (iii) satisfaction (decreased isolation in old age, proof of existence for their children, intimacy development with their grandchild). The results of this study show that grandmothers have a higher appreciation for the benefits of relational compensation than for personal cost. Some practical implications are suggested to improve family welfare.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.189-203
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to examine the social support network of married middle-aged women and its effects on the life satisfaction. The data were obtained through 395 middle-aged women living in Kwangju and Chonnam. The major findings were as follows. 1. Married middle-aged women mostly received companionable support and they were intimate with friends and family members of orientation obviously. 2. The life satisfaction of married middle-aged women was significantly influenced by emotional support from wife's family members of orientation, contact frequency with husband's family members of orientation, emotional support from their friends and intimacy with wife's family members of orientation.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.111-126
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety in mediating the influence of family of origin characteristics on subsequent relationship processes. Using Bowenian theory as a foundation, this study examined the causal relationships among gender, religion, family of origin-fusion, intimacy, intimidation, personal-trait-anxiety, couple open communication and relationship satisfaction. Results of the path analysis indicated that: (a) gender, religion, family of origin-fusion, and family of origin-intimidation were directly related to personal-trait-anxiety, (b) personal-trait-anxiety was directly related to couple open communication and not related to relationship satisfaction, (c) couple open communication was directly related to relationship satisfaction, and (d) family of origin factors were not directly related to couple open communication and relationship satisfaction; rather, as it was expected, indirect associations, through the mediation of anxiety, were found. The results generally support Bowen's intergenerational process theory, which asserts that anxiety is the mediator of the process. Limitations of the current study and suggestions for further research were discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.15-28
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop a family functioning scale that is suitable for Korean families. The data for this study were obtained from a survey on a sample of 350 mothers of school-age children, who were living in Seoul, Kyunggi-do, and other cities of Korea. The major findings ate as follows; 1) Through the item discrimination test, 63 of the 77 items were found to be significant, thus deemed acceptable. The level of discrimination indices of the 63 items ranged from .38 to .84. 2) A factor analysis was conducted on the 63 items. Six different factors (Emotional Support, Family Intimacy, Respect for Autonomy, Communication, Family Rules, Time Spent Together) emerged for 37 items. The six factors accounted for 56.51% of total variance. 3) A multiple regression analysis was conducted to reduce the number of items, and the final 36 items were selected for the Family Functioning Scale. 4) The reliability measured by the internal consistency of the 36 items was high (Cronbach's a =.93). 5) The Family Functioning Scale was found to have a significant correlation with FACESIII(r=.80) as well as with FAD(r=.78).