• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.1056-1069
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• 2015

Osmotic pressure is a critical factor for erythritol production with osmophilic yeast. Protein expression patterns of an erythritol-producing yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, were analyzed to identify differentially-expressed proteins in response to osmotic pressure. In order to analyze intracellular protein levels quantitatively, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed to separate and visualize the differential expression of the intracellular proteins extracted from Y. lipolytica cultured under low (3.17 osmol/kg) and high (4.21 osmol/kg) osmotic pressures. Proteomic analyses allowed identification of 54 differentially-expressed proteins among the proteins distributed in the range of pI 3-10 and 14.4-97.4 kDa molecular mass between the osmotic stress conditions. Remarkably, the main proteins were involved in the pathway of energy, metabolism, cell rescue, and stress response. The expression of such enzymes related to protein and nucleotide biosynthesis was inhibited drastically, reflecting the growth arrest of Y. lipolytica under hyperosmotic stress. The improvement of erythritol production under high osmotic stress was due to the significant induction of a range of crucial enzymes related to polyols biosynthesis, such as transketolase and triosephosphate isomerase, and the osmotic stress responsive proteins like pyridoxine-4-dehydrogenase and the AKRs family. The polyols biosynthesis was really related to an osmotic response and a protection mechanism against hyperosmotic stress in Y. lipolytica. Additionally, the high osmotic stress could also induce other cell stress responses as with heat shock and oxidation stress responses, and these responsive proteins, such as the HSPs family, catalase T, and superoxide dismutase, also had drastically increased expression levels under hyperosmotic pressure.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2008

We obtain an improvement of strong laws of large numbers for independent fuzzy random variables.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2013

The modular multilevel cascade converter (MMCC) is a new family of multilevel power converters with modular realization and a cascaded pattern for submodules. The MMCC family can be classified by basic configurations and submodule types. One member of this family, the Hexverter, is configured as Double-Delta Full-Bridge (DDFB). It is a novel multilevel AC/AC converter with direct power conversion and comparatively fewer required components. It is appropriate for connecting two three-phase systems with different frequencies and driving an AC motor directly from a utility grid. This paper presents the dq model of a Hexverter with both of its AC systems by state-space representation, which then simplifies the continuous time-varying model into a periodic discrete time-invariant one. Then a generalized multivariable optimal control strategy for regulating the Hexverter's independent currents is developed. The resulting control structure can be adapted to other MMCCs and is flexible enough to include other control criterion while guaranteeing the original controller performance. The modeling method and control design are verified by simulation results.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.101-126
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• 2010

This Qualitative case study focused on the National Pilot Project to make family-friendly communities. We examined the basic model of the family-friendly community proposed by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family. One of the three local communities selected as family friendly models was chosen for observation and in-depth interview for its residents. The official performance report shows this project's process, results and future tasks. From the in-depth interview data, we defined the project's characteristics as the government and private sectors collaboration, model transformation from the original family friendly model to the production model, and we found some conflicts among residents upon financial issues and business items. The most important task is the vitalization of the community corporate body to realize this project's performance through these three years. And this study implicates to elaborate the rural family-friendly community model focused on income creating community redesign, different from the urban model focused on caring.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2005

By a cDNA array representing 2308 signal transduction related genes, we studied the expression profiles of HeLa cells stably transfected by Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 4B (HCV-NS4B). The alterations of the expression of four genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR; and the aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1 (AKR1C1) enzyme activity was detected in HCV-NS4B transiently transfected HeLa cells and Huh-7, a human hepatoma cell line. Of the 2,308 genes we examined, 34 were up-regulated and 56 were down-regulated. These 90 genes involved oncogenes, tumor suppressors, cell receptors, complements, adhesions, transcription and translation, cytoskeletion and cellular stress. The expression profiling suggested that multiple regulatory pathways were affected by HCV-NS4B directly or indirectly. And since these genes are related to carcinogenesis, host defense system and cell homeostatic mechanism, we can conclude that HCV-NS4B could play some important roles in the pathogenesis mechanism of HCV.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제67권
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• pp.117-156
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• 2021

본 연구는 가정사역 교육 프로그램에 참여한 부부의 학습참여동기에 대해 공동체 의식과 부부 친밀감이 미치는 상호작용 효과의 검증을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 교회 및 단체에서 진행하고 있는 가정사역 프로그램에 참여한 경험이 있는 부부를 연구대상으로 자료를 수집해 남성 302명, 여성 305명으로 총 607명을 대상으로 자료를 수집했다. 측정도구로는 학습참여동기의 하위요인으로 계속동기, 내적동기, 외적동기로 구성되었고, 공동체의식의 하위요인은 구성원의식, 상호영향의식, 욕구의 통합과 충족 그리고 정서적 연대로 구성되었다. 마지막으로 부부 친밀감의 하위요인은 인지영역, 성적영역, 정서적영역으로 구성했다. 학습참여동기에 대해 공동체 의식과 부부 친밀감이 미치는 상호작용 효과를 검증하기 위해서 먼저 측정된 변수들의 경향성을 파악하기 위해 기술통계 분석을 수행했고, 두 번째, 학습참여동기에 대해 공동체의식과 부부 친밀감의 하위요인들의 영향을 검증하기 위해 다중회기분석(단계적선택)을 수행했다. 마지막으로 학습참여동기에 대해 공동체 의식과 부부 친밀감이 미치는 상호작용 효과를 검증하기 위해서 위계적 회귀분석을 수행했다. 연구결과 첫째, 학습참여동기에 대한 공동체 의식과 부부 친밀감의 다중회기 분석 결과 계속동기에는 정서영역, 내적동기에는 구성원 의식, 외적동기에는 상호영향의식이 높은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학습참여동기에 대한 공동체의식과 부부 친밀감의 상호작용 효과 분석을 위한 위계적 회기 분석을 수행한 결과 계속동기와 외적동기에 대해 공동체의식과 부부 친밀감이 상호작용 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었으나 내적동기에 대해서는 효과성이 검증되지 않았다. 본 연구는 가정사역의 학습참여동기에 대한 기초연구로서 평생학습 시대 속의 기독교 가정사역 프로그램 개발이 귀하게 활용될 수 있기를 소망한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to introduce the concept of social capital to the studies of human ecology in Korea. Social capital theory provides a framework for analyzing well being of families because the concept of social capital can be understood as an important family resource, including social networks, social supports, and family structure. The utilization of the social capital theory, considering both positive and negative effects on equality, in the studies of human ecology is expected to contribute to the social understanding of the characteristics of households as a system that are related with environments, and provide a basic theoretical framework for discussing family structure, human capital development, poverty, and healthy families.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1551-1558
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• 2014

The esterase gene Est8 from the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus sp. K91 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The monomeric enzyme exhibited a theoretical molecular mass of 24.5 kDa and an optimal activity around $50^{\circ}C$ at pH 9.0. A model of Est8 was constructed using a hypothetical YxiM precursor structure (2O14_A) from Bacillus subtilis as template. The structure showed an ${\alpha}/{\beta}$-hydrolase fold and indicated the presence of a typical catalytic triad consisting of Ser-11, Asp-182, and His-185, which were investigated by site-directed replacements coupled with kinetic characterization. Asp-182 and His-185 residues were more critical than the Ser-11 residue in the catalytic activity of Est8. A comparison of the amino acid sequence showed that Est8 could be grouped into the GDSL family and further classified as an SGNH hydrolase. Est8 is a new member of the SGNH hydrolase subfamily and may employ a different catalytic mechanism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to localize QTL affecting meat quality in a pig family of three generations. All animals were genotyped for twenty-four microsatellites on SSC3 (Sus scrofa chromosome 3), SSC4 and SSC7. One hundred and forty $F_2$ offsprings were scored for eleven meat quality traits. Least square regression interval mapping revealed quantitative trait loci (QTL) effect for meat pH (m. Semipinalis Capitis, SC) on SSC4 and SSC7; for moisture (m. Longissimus Dorsi, LD) on SSC3. Furthermore, there was suggestive evidence for a QTL on SSC4 affecting intramuscular fat (IMF) content that nearly approached the chromosomewise (p=0.05) significance threshold.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.919-933
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• 2021

We hypothesized that the unsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid (POA) could promote the expression of adipogenic/lipogenic genes in bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells (BSCs). The BSCs were cultured in a growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. When the cells reached 80%-90% confluence, we used the differentiation medium with 5% horse serum for differentiation for 96 h. The differentiation medium contained 50 µM, 100 µM and 200 µM POA. Control BSC were cultured only in differentiation media. Compared with the control BSC, the POA BSC significantly up-regulated the expression of paired box 3 (Pax3) and paired box 7 (Pax7) and down-regulated myogenin gene expression (p < 0.01), which indicates a depression in muscle fiber development. However, all POA treatments up-regulated the expression of the adipocyte transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta (C/EBP α and C/EBP β), and other genes (p < 0.01) and increased the expression of PAT-family proteins and the concentration of adiponectin in the media. These results indicate that POA can convert part of BSCs into adipocytes.