• 제목/요약/키워드: Family G11

검색결과 176건 처리시간 0.024초

Non-specific Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by Dietary Heat-inactivated Potential Probiotics

  • Choi, Sang-Hoon;Yoon, Taek-Joon
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.67-74
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    • 2008
  • Background: The effects of the dietary administration of two heat-inactivated whole bacteria from the Vibrionaceae family, singly or combined, on innate immune response of the rainbow trout were studied. The two bacteria (Pdp11 and 51M6), which were obtained from the skin of rainbow trout, showed in vitro characteristics that suggested they could be considered as potential fish probiotics. Methods: The fish were fed four different diets: control (non-supplemented), or diets supplemented with heat-inactivated bacteria at $10^8$ cfu/g Pdp11, $10^8$ cfu/g 51M6 or with $0.5{\times}10^8$ cfu/g Pdp11 plus $0.5{\times}10^8$ cfu/g 51M6 for 4 weeks. Six fish were sampled at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4, and then the main humoral (natural haemolytic complement activity and serum peroxidase content) and cellular innate immune responses (leucocyte peroxidase content, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and cytotoxicity) were evaluated. Results: The serum peroxidase content and the natural haemolytic complement activity increased with time, reaching the highest values in the third and fourth weeks of feeding, respectively. The phagocytic ability of specimens fed the mixture of the two inactivated bacteria was significantly higher than in the controls after 2 and 3 weeks of treatment. The same activity increased significantly in rainbow trout fed the Pdp11 diet for 2 weeks or the 51M6 diet for 3 weeks. Respiratory burst activity was unaffected by all the experimental diets at all times assayed. Cytotoxic activity had significantly increased after 3 weeks in fish fed the 51M6 diet. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the usefulness of incorporating inactivated probiotic bacteria into fish diets.

SOME RESULTS ON STARLIKE TREES AND SUNLIKE GRAPHS

  • Mirko, Lepovic
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제11권1_2호
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    • pp.109-123
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    • 2003
  • A tree is called starlike if it has exactly one vertex of degree greate. than two. In [4] it was proved that two starlike trees G and H are cospectral if and only if they are isomorphic. We prove here that there exist no two non-isomorphic Laplacian cospectral starlike trees. Further, let G be a simple graph of order n with vertex set V(G) : {1,2, …, n} and let H = {$H_1$, $H_2$, …, $H_{n}$} be a family of rooted graphs. According to [2], the rooted product G(H) is the graph obtained by identifying the root of $H_{i}$ with the i-th vertex of G. In particular, if H is the family of the paths $P_k_1,P_k_2,...P_k_2$ with the rooted vertices of degree one, in this paper the corresponding graph G(H) is called the sunlike graph and is denoted by G($k_1,k_2,...k_n$). For any $(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)\;\in\;{I_*}^n$, where $I_{*}$ = : {0,1}, let G$(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)$ be the subgraph of G which is obtained by deleting the vertices $i_1,i_2,...i_j\;\in\;V(G)\;(O\leq j\leq n)$, provided that $x_i_1=x_i_2=...=x_i_j=o.\;Let \;G[x_1,x_2,...x_n]$ be characteristic polynomial of G$(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)$, understanding that G[0,0,...,0] $\equiv$1. We prove that $G[k_1,k_2,...,k_n]-\sum_{x\in In}[{\prod_{\imath=1}}^n\;P_k_i+x_i-2(\lambda)](-1)...G[x_1,x_2,...,X_n]$ where x=($x_1,x_2,...,x_n$);G[$k_1,k_2,...,k_n$] and $P_n(\lambda)$ denote the characteristic polynomial of G($k_1,k_2,...,k_n$) and $P_n$, respectively. Besides, if G is a graph with $\lambda_1(G)\;\geq1$ we show that $\lambda_1(G)\;\leq\;\lambda_1(G(k_1,k_2,...,k_n))<\lambda_1(G)_{\lambda_1}^{-1}(G}$ for all positive integers $k_1,k_2,...,k_n$, where $\lambda_1$ denotes the largest eigenvalue.

Reliability analysis of a complex system, attended by two repairmen with vacation under marked process with the application of copula

  • Tiwari, N.;Singh, S.B.;Ram, M.
    • International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.107-122
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    • 2010
  • This paper deals with the reliability analysis of a complex system, which consists of two subsystems A and B connected in series. Subsystem A has only one unit and B has two units $B_1$ and $B_2$. Marked process has been applied to model the complex system. Present reliability model incorporated two repairmen: supervisor and novice to repair the failed units. Supervisor is always there and the novice remains in vacation and is called for repair as per demand. The repair rates for supervisor and novice follow general and exponential distributions respectively and the failure time for both the subsystems follows exponential distribution. The model is analyzed under "Head of line repair discipline". By employing supplementary variable technique, Laplace transformation and Gumbel-Hougaard family of copula various transition state probabilities, reliability, availability and cost analysis have been obtained along with the steady state behaviour of the system. At the end some special cases of the system have been taken.

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A Korean Family with Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein Deficiency

  • Youn, Seo-Young;Shin, Ik-Soon;Hong, Yong-Hee;Lee, Dong-Hwan
    • Journal of Genetic Medicine
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.38-41
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    • 2012
  • A 32-year-old female patient and her sister show high levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in regular health checkups, since female patient was 11 years old. The patient's serum total cholesterol was 285 mg/dL and HDL cholesterol was 113 mg/dL. Her sister's total cholesterol was 240 mg/dL and the HDL cholesterol measured to be 90 mg/dL. Lipoprotein pattern and cholesteryl ester transfer activity gene analysis were examined in these patients. We found c.1321+1G>A (IVS14+1G/A) hetero mutation in cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) genes. Generally, CETP mediates transfer and exchange of triglycerides and cholesteryl ester between plasma lipoproteins. Also we investigated a key role of HDL-CE and Apo A-1 metabolism. Patients with low levels of CETP have increased serum HDL levels. We hereby report two Korean cases of CETP deficiency in a family. Brief literature review ensues with the cases.

세포주기조절에 관한 최근 연구 (Significance of Cell Cycle and Checkpoint Cnotrol)

  • 최영현;최혜정
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.362-370
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    • 2001
  • Regulation of cell proliferation is a complex process involving the regulated expression and /or modification of discrete gene products. which control transition between different stages of the cycle. The purpose of this short review is to provide an overview of somatic cell cycle events and their controls. Cycline have appeared as major positive regulators in this network, because their association to the cyclin-dependent kinases(Cdks) allows the subsequent activation on the Cdk/cyclin complexes and their catalatic activity. In mammalian cells, early to mid G1 progression and late G1 progression leading to S phase entry are directed by D-type cyclins-Cdk4, 6 and cyclin E-Cdk 2 both of which can phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein (pRB). pRB is a transcriptional repressor which, in its unphosphorylated state, binds to members of the E2F transcription factor family and blocks E2F-dependent transcription of genes controlling the G1 to S phase transition an subsequent DNA synthesis. Cyclin A is produced in late G1 and expressed during S and G2 phae, and expression of B-type cyclins is typically maximal during the G2 to M phase transition and it controls the passage through M phase. They primarily associate with the activate Cdk2, and Cdc2, respectively. On the other hand, the Cdk inhibitors negatively control the activity of C아/cyclin complex by coordinating internal and/or external signals and impending proliferation at several key checkpoints. These current and further findings will provide novel approaches to understanding and treating major diseases.

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A NONCOMMUTATIVE BUT INTERNAL MULTIPLICATION ON THE BANACH ALGEBRA $A_t$

  • Ryu, Kun-Sik;Skoug, David
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.11-17
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    • 1989
  • In [1], Johnson and Lapidus introduced a family { $A_{t}$ :t>0} of Banach algebras of functionals on Wiener space and showed that for every F in $A_{t}$ , the analytic operator-valued function space integral $K_{\lambda}$$^{t}$ (F) exists for all nonzero complex numbers .lambda. with nonnegative real part. In [2,3] Johnson and Lapidus introduced a noncommtative multiplication having the property that if F.mem. $A_{t}$ $_{1}$ and G.mem. $A_{t}$ $_{2}$ then $F^{*}$G.mem. A$t_{1}$+$_{t}$ $_{2}$ and (Fig.) Note that for F, G in $A_{t}$ , $F^{*}$G is not in $A_{t}$ but rather is in $A_{2t}$ and so the multiplication * is not internal to the Banach algebra $A_{t}$ . In this paper we introduce an internal noncommutative multiplication on $A_{t}$ having the property that for F, G in $A_{t}$ , F G is in $A_{t}$ and (Fig.) for all nonzero .lambda. with nonnegative real part. Thus is an auxiliary binary operator on $A_{t}$ .TEX> .

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복령피 추출물의 멜라닌 생성 저해 효과 (The Inhibitory Effects of Poria cocos Bark Extract on Melanogenesis)

  • 이응지;배성윤;손락호;이용화
    • 대한화장품학회지
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.243-250
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    • 2009
  • 천연 미백 소재 개발을 위하여 복령피 추출물과 복령피 추출물에서 분리한 활성 물질의 멜라닌 생성에 연관된 생리 활성을 분석하였다. 복령피 추출물은 $100{\mu}g$/mL 이하에서 세포 독성이 없는 것으로 확인 되었으며 free radical 소거능(DPPH)과 superoxide radicals 소거능 결과는 각각 $IC_{50}=19.4{\pm}2.21{\mu}g$/mL, $IC_{50}=103{\pm}3.33{\mu}g$/mL을 나타내었다. $50{\mu}g$/mL 농도에서 B16 melanoma 세포 내 tyrosinase의 활성을 34 % 저해 하였으며, 세포 내 멜라닌 생합성 저해 효과는 $50{\mu}g$/mL 농도의 복령피 추출물을 72 h 동안 처리한 세포에서 51 % 억제율을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 복령피 추출물의 활성 물질을 분리하여 $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, Mass analysis 등의 기기 분석을 실시한 결과 triterpene류의 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid로 동정되었고 $100{\mu}g$/mL 이하에서 세포 독성이 없는 것으로 확인 되었다. 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid의 free radical 소거능과 superoxide radicals 소거능 결과는 각각 $IC_{50}=4.3{\pm}0.15{\mu}g$/mL, $IC_{50}=54{\pm}1.67{\mu}g$/mL을 나타내었다. $10{\mu}g$/mL 농도에서 세포내 tyrosinase의 활성을 43 % 저해 하였으며, 멜라닌 저해 효과를 확인한 결과 $IC_{50}=3.6{\mu}g$/mL으로 나타났다. Western blot을 이용하여 tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2 단백질의 발현 감소를 확인하였다. 복령피 추출물과 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid는 우수한 미백 효능을 갖는 화장품 소재로의 개발 가능성이 클 것으로 기대된다.

모바일 미디어 기술과 주거형태에 따른 노인 자살생각 완화 연구 (Investigation on the Mitigation of Suicidal Thoughts in the Elderly Depending on Mobile Media Technology and Living Arrangement)

  • 범철호;존 존슨;최철환
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제20권11호
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    • pp.534-545
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    • 2020
  • 초고령화 사회에서 증가한 독거노인의 인구는 많은 문제들을 야기하고 있다. 홀로 살아가고 있는 노인들은 상실감과 자살 생각이 높아질 수 있음에 따라 본 연구는 주거형태와 스마트폰이 이들의 상실감과 자살 생각에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 2G폰을 사용하는 노인들은 스마트폰을 사용하는 이들보다 낮은 사회적 역할과 관계를 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 가족 구성원 또는 배우자와 함께 살고 있는 노인들은 독거노인들보다 낮은 자살 생각을 하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그렇지만 사회적 역할과 관계의 상실감은 거주 형태보다 스마트폰의 사용 실태 여부에 더 유의한 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 게다가, 스마트폰을 사용하는 노인들은 사회적 역할과 관계에 대해 낮은 수준의 상실감을 보여주고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 노인들 사이에서 신체적 건강, 사회적 역할, 관계의 상실감은 자살 생각을 높이는 주요한 요인으로 밝혀졌다는 점에서 놀랍게도 경제적 능력만이 자살 생각의 지표가 아니었음을 확인하였다.

장애아동부모의 사회적지지, 가족건강성 및 우울의 구조모형 (Development of Prediction Model for Depression among Parents with Disabled Children: Based on the Mediation Effect of Social Supports and Family Resilience)

  • 금혜숙;신영희;김혜영
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.171-178
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구 목적은 장애아동부모의 사회적지지, 가족건강성 및 우울을 설명하고 예측하는 구조모형을 구축하는데 있다. 연구대상자는 2014년 8월부터 9월까지 D시에 소재한 재활병원 3곳에서 외래재활치료를 받고 있는 141명의 장애아동부모를 대상으로 하였다. 연구도구는 QRS, CES-D, MSPSS, 한국형 가족건강성 척도(KFSS-II)를 사용하였다. 그 결과, 장애아동부모들의 우울정도는 20.18/60점이며, 성별, 나이, 월수입에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 사회적 지지와 가족건강성의 문항평균은 각각 3.11/5점과 3.32/5점이었다. 가족건강성은 월수입에 따라 차이가 있었다. 장애아동부모의 우울은 사회적지지, 가족건강성과는 음의 상관관계가 있었고, 사회적지지와 가족건강성은 양의 상관관계가 있었으며, 사회적지지와 가족건강성은 우울을 설명하고, 예측하는데 있어 중요한 요인임을 확인하였다. 즉 장애아동부모의 우울을 예방하기 위한 간호전략으로서 가족건강성과 사회적지지를 향상시키는 프로그램 개발이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

CONVERGENCE THEOREMS OF IMPLICIT ITERATION PROCESS WITH ERRORS FOR ASYMPTOTICALLY NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN THE INTERMEDIATE SENSE IN BANACH SPACES

  • Saluja, G.S.
    • East Asian mathematical journal
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.63-71
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    • 2012
  • The aim of this article is to study an implicit iteration process with errors for a finite family of non-Lipschitzian asymptotically non expansive mappings in the intermediate sense in Banach spaces. Also we establish some strong convergence theorems and a weak convergence theorem for said scheme to converge to a common fixed point for non Lipschitzian asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in the intermediate sense. The results presented in this paper extend and improve the corresponding results of [1], [3]-[8], [10]-[11], [13]-[14], [16] and many others.