• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2008

김치의 맛을 증진시키기 위하여 젓갈 대신에 된장을 첨가하여 김치의 품질 특성을 개선하고자 하였다. 김치 제조원료에 된장을 첨가하여 김치를 제조한 후 28일간 $10^{\circ}C$에서 숙성시키면서 김치의 이화학적, 미생물학적 변화 그리고 기호성을 검사하였다. 된장 첨가량의 증가에 따른 pH 변화는 전 발효 기간 동안 된장 첨가구는 대조구에 비해 다소 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 산도의 변화는 발효 초기 유사하였으며, 발효가 진행될수록 대조구에 비해 된장 첨가 김치의 산도의 변화가 완만한 증가 현상을 나타내 pH 변화와 유사하였다. 유산균수와 총균수는 대조구, 첨가구 모두 대조구에 비해 성장이 억제되었다. 색도는 대조구에 비해 된장 첨가구 모두 백색두 적색도, 황색도가 감소하였다. 관능적 특성은 대조구에 비해 된장 5% 첨가 김치가 맛은 물론, 풍미, 색상, 종합적 기호도가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 된장을 첨가 김치 제조가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2007

Background: Intersectoral and multidisciplinary collaboration is becoming more prominent in all facets of government, health, social services, and scientific endeavors. An interplay of a multitude of driving forces moves multiple disciplines forward to achieve quality outcomes in health and social sciences services and research. Aim: This paper aims at discussing the prospects for future multidisciplinary collaboration. If inter organizational integration and multidisciplinary collaboration are the ways of the future in academia and the scientific world, it then becomes crucial to examine what lies ahead for the nursing profession, Discussion: This paper argues that in order for multidisciplinary endeavors to succeed, the leaders in multidisciplinary teams shoulder the largest share of the responsibilities involved. In developing a lasting team constituting professionals from different disciplines, the leader needs to include the right individuals in the team, identify a common goal, build trusting relationships through open communication and interprofessional education, and empower members through creating room for autonomy and at the same time allowing space for personal development. The leader will need to utilize information technologies to manage communication issues in a large multi-site multidisciplinary project. Lastly, he or she must be able to demonstrate team productivity through process and outcome evaluation. It needs to be emphasized that it falls to each individual nurse to speak up and act upon what nursing believes and represents in our quest for success in multidisciplinary endeavors. Conclusion: The significance of the role of the leader is paramount for a team to succeed. Yet there is no prospect if only a handful of exceptional nurse leaders are moving ahead in multidisciplinary endeavors. Without the actualization of professional roles by each individual nurse, the profession will have no prospect in collaborations across disciplines.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2003

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is traditionally used as appetite enhancer, improver of the digestive system, antithusive, anti-cold, antipyretic, analgesic, and antiinflammation. In vitro evaluation using human lymphocyte cultures showed almost similar indication with those in in vivo mouse study, NK cell lysing activity was improved significantly. Proliferation activity of B and T cells, and CD3$^{＋}$ and CD3$^{＋}$CD4$^{＋}$T cell subset were better observed using oleoresin or gingerol and shogaol fractions. Although there were higher activities in gingerol, the improvement was almost equal to that by oleoresin. Shogaol did not show better improvement except at higher concentration. It could be concluded that treatment with single bioactive compound, such as gingerol, did not show significant effects compared to oleoresin, the crude extract. In human study, involving healthy male adult, the improvement of NK cell lysing activity was again demonstrated and even more apparent. The mechanism involved in the protection seemed to be through the antioxidant activity of gingerol. However, other mechanism underlying the improvement of NK cell lysing activity must be involved since this improvement seemed to be specifically toward NK cell activity. Since NK cells ave specific for the elimination of virus-infected cell and mutated cells, this positive effect on the immune system are very interesting. This work has also scientifically proved that the traditional beliefs that ginger had preventive effects on common cold appeared to be reasonable.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2016

Traditional acceptance sampling plans have focused on the proportion of nonconforming items as an attribute criterion for quality. In today's modern quality management under high quality production environments, the reduction of the deviation from a target value in a quality characteristic has become the most important purpose. In consequence, various inspection plans for the purpose of reducing the deviation from the target value in the quality characteristic have been investigated. In this case, a concept of the quality loss evaluated by the deviation from the target value has been accepted as the variable evaluation criterion of quality. Further, some quality measures based on the quality loss have been devised; e.g. the process loss and the process capability index. Then, as one of inspection plans based on the quality loss, the rigorous design procedure for the variable sampling plan having desired operating characteristics (VS-OC plan) indexed by the quality loss has been proposed by Yen and Chang in 2009. By the way, since the estimator of the quality loss obeys the non-central chi-square distribution, the rigorous design procedure for the VS-OC plan indexed by the quality loss is complicated. In particular, the rigorous design procedure for the VS-OC plan requires a large number of the repetitive and complicated numerical calculation about the non-central chi-square distribution. On the other hand, an approximate design procedure for the VS-OC plan has been proposed before the proposal of the above rigorous design procedure. The approximate design procedure for the VS-OC plan has been constructed by combining Patnaik approximation relating the non-central chi-square distribution to the central chi-square distribution and Wilson-Hilferty approximation relating the central chi-square distribution to the standard normal distribution. Then, the approximate design procedure has been devised as a convenient procedure without complicated and repetitive numerical calculations. In this study, through some comparisons between the rigorous and approximate design procedures, the applicability of the approximate design procedure has been confirmed.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2013

Considering the wind power system and the rotor blades which are composed of much technology, the wind power blade would be the most dangerous part because it revolves at high speed and weighs about dozens of tons, if the accident happens. Therefore, the light weight composite materials have been replacing as substitutional materials. The object of this study is to examine the delamination and damage for CFRP/GFRP hybrid composite that is used for strength improvement of a wind power blade. The influence of the initial crack length and fiber orientation for the interlaminar delamination was exposed for the blade safety. Plain woven CFRP instead of GFRP was inserted into the layer of the box spar for improving the strength and blade life. DCB(Double Cantilever Beam) specimen was used for evaluating fracture toughness and damage evaluation of interlaminar delamination. The material used in the experiment is a commercial material known as CF 3327 EPC in plain woven carbon prepreg(Hankuk Carbon Co.) and UD glass fiber prepreg(Hyundai Fiber Co.). From the results, crack growth rate is not so different according to the variation of the initial crack length. Mode I interlamainar fracture toughness of fiber direction $0^{\circ}$ is higher than that of $45^{\circ}$. Interlaminar fracture has an effect on fiber direction and K decreased with lower value according to increasing initial crack length. Also energy release rate fracture toughness was evaluated because CFRP/GFRP hybrid composite with a different thickness is under the mixed mode loading condition. The interlaminar fracture was almost governed by mode I fracture even though the mixed mode.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2014

On-site sanitation systems are typically installed to treat grey and toilet wastewaters in areas without sewer and centralized treatment systems. It is well known that, due to inappropriate design and operation, treatment performance of these systems in developing countries is not satisfactory in the removal of pathogens and organic matters. This research aimed to investigate the hydraulic conditions occurring in some on-site sanitation systems and the effects of hydraulic retention times (HRTs) on the system performance. The experiments were conducted with a laboratory-scale septic tank (40L in size) and an actual septic tank (600L in size), to test the hydraulic conditions by using tracer study with HRTs varying at 12, 24 and 48 hr. The experimental results showed the dispersion numbers to be in the range of 0.017-0.320 and the short-circuit ratios in the range of 0.014-0.031, indicating the reactors having a high level of sort-circuiting and approaching complete-mix conditions. The removal efficiency of $BOD_5$ was found to be 67% and the $k_{30}$ values for $BOD_5$ was $2.04day^{-1}$. A modified complete-mix model based on the relationship between $BOD_5$ removal efficiencies and HRTs was developed and validated with actual-scale septic tank data having a correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of 0.90. Therefore, to better protect our environment and minimizing health risks, new generation toilets should be developed that could minimize short-circuiting and improving treatment performance.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2004년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.537-540
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• 2004

정보통신기술의 발달로 웹을 기반으로 한 학습시스템의 개발 및 학습활동이 활발해 지고 있다. 웹을 이용한 학습시스템을 살펴보면 학습자 중심의 수준별 학습을 위한 교수-학습 자료가 체계적으로 되어 있지 않고, 학습자와 교사와의 상호 작용성이 미비하다. 문제해결학습에서 학습평가에 대한 결과만을 보여주고, 오답에 대한 피드백 제공 및 심화학습의 연계성이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고교 전자계산일반 교과목에 대한 가상학습을 대상으로 분석하여 학습자 중심의 수준별 학습에 교수-학습 자료를 보완하고, 학습자와 교사와의 상호작용성을 보완하였으며, 학습평가에서 오답정보를 피드백 해석 심화학습과 연계하여 학습자의 이해를 돕고 학습의 효과를 극대화 할 수 있도록 ASP를 이용하여 WBI를 설계 및 구현하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2005

타이어 마모는 자동차 드라이버들의 주요 관심 사항 중의 하나일 뿐만 아니라 타이어의 수명과 밀접하게 관련되어 있다. 자동차 타이어의 사용 조건들은 여러 가지 요인들이 함께 작용하기 때문에 타이어 마모에 대해 명확하게 규명하는 것은 쉽지 않다. 따라서, 타이어 마모를 평가하기 위해서는 실제 사용 조건에서의 마모 평가가 필요하다. 타이어의 수명과 밀접한 관련이 있는 마모를 평가하기 위하여 정해진 가혹한 주행 조건을 갖는 dedicated test를 통하여 마모 성능 시험을 실시하였다. 타이어 마모에 영향을 미치는 많은 인자들을 단순화시키기 위하여 정해진 운전자의 가혹도로 시험함으로써 운전자의 운전 습관에 따른 영향을 최소화하였다. 마모와 관련이 있는 노선 가혹도의 영향을 확인하기 위하여 노선 별로 횡가속도를 측정하여 얻어진 driving severity number(DSN)을 이용하여 DSN에 따른 타이어의 마모율과 마모 양상에 대해 비교해 보았다. 이러한 dedicated treadwear test 결과를 제공함으로써 타이어 마모 성능을 만족시키기 위한 설계에 유용한 자료를 제공할 수 있다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2002

직접생균수측정법(direct viable count; DVC)과 평판법(p1ate count; PC)을 이용하여 시판되고 있는 먹는샘물, 약수, 도시 인근 지역과 축산농가 밀집지역의 음용 지하수로부터 채수된 시료에 대하여 정략적 평가를 실시하였다. DVC법에 의한 생균수는 전균수(total direct count: TDC)의 약 30~80%, 평판법에 의한 생균수는 DVC의 약1~30%로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 지하수내에 배양 불가능한(viable but non-culturable: VBNC)세균이 높은 비율로 존재함이라고 판단된다. 한편, 통상농도의 영양배지(nutrient broth; NB)와 이를 $10^-2 -2/배로 희석한 영양배지(diluted nutrient broth; DNB)및 R2A배지를 이용하여 계수한 결과, 통상농도의 NB배지에 비해 저영양배지인 DNB와 R2A에서 2~50배 이상 높은 계수치를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 지하수와 같이 빈영양한 환경 내에는 통상농도의 NB배지에서는 중식이 현저히 저해되고 저영양배지에서 중식 가능한 저영양세균이 다수 분포해 있음이라 판단되었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.745-750
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• 2008

Anti-inflammatory potential of the enzymatic extract prepared by Kojizyme (ECK), a component of brown seaweeds Ecklonia cava (Alariaceae, Phaeophyta) in vivo was investigated. For the application of mouse ear edema model, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) was used, a topical inducer of a long-lasting inflammatory response. Our results demonstrated that ECK inhibited ear edema when topically applied to mouse ear skin. In histological evaluation, the inhibition activity of ECK on TPA-induced inflammation is similar to that of dexamethasone, although less strong. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of IL-$1{\beta}$, IFN-$\gamma$, TNF-$\alpha$, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and the immunoreactivity to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX2 expressed mainly in inflammatory cells were down-regulated by ECK. These results indicate that ECK has anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of Th1 cytokines and 2 inducers of inflammation in TPA-induced ear skin edema.