• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 1989

Natural killer (NK) cells are a heteroguneous subpopulation of lymphocytes that spontaneously exhibit cytotoxic activity against various virus-Infected and neoplastic target cells without prior exposure to a specific antigen. It was thought that NK calls play an important role in immunosurvrillanre against viral agents and tumors, and in prevention of metastasis. Recently, several reports have indicated evidence that ginseng extracts show a significant stimulatory effect on the humoral and cellular immune responses. This evidence gives support to the suggestion that the anticarcinogenic effect of ginseng may be due to the effect of ginseng on the immunological system. Treatment with total, diol, and triol saponin resulted in an increase in NK cytotoxic activity, but no enhancement of the lytic activity due to the natural killer cytotoxic factor (NKCF). Therefore, these results suggest that the augmentation of NK activity by ginseng saponin fractions may not be due to the activation of NKCF lytic activity.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.83-99
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze correlation effect size between Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) and factors affecting BPN. Methods: This research was reviewed and synthesized systematically by meta-analyse. Fifty-eight published studies between 2008 and 2016 were sampled and the effect sizes were acquired. Results: The major findings were as follows. In general, medium correlation effect sizes were found. Competency among sub-factors of BPN showed highest effects. Parental factor was more related to BPN than school and individual factors. Parenting behavior and family psychological backgrounds were the most crucial factors in the parental factors. School adjustment was the most critical factor in the school factors. In school grade, the elementary school was more related to BPN than junior high school and high school. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest a number of components for parent-education programs, and information for future research.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.477-483
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• 2003

An independent kinematic hardening material model in which the reverse yielding point is defined by the Bauschinger effect factor (BEF) , has been defined for stainless steel SUS 304. The material model and the BEF are obtained experimentally and represented mathematically as continuous functions of effective plastic strain. The material model has been incorporated in a non-linear stress analysis for the prediction of reverse yielding in thick-walled cylinders during the autofrettage process of these vessels. Residual stress distributions of the independent kinematic hardening material model at the onset of reverse yielding are compared with residual stresses of an isotropic hardening model showing the significant effect of the BEF on reverse yielding predictions. Critical pressures of direct and reverse yielding are obtained for the most commonly used cylinders and a range of permissible internal pressures for an efficient autofrettaged process is recommended.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2003

We have investigated the biological effects of recombinant IL-1$\beta$ (rIL-1$\beta$) on the expression of antiviral genes such as Myxovirus-3 (MX-3) and Interferon regulating factor-1 (IRF-1), which are related to type I interferon. When ten micrograms of rIL-1$\beta$ were treated, we observed the stimulatory effect on the expression of these antiviral genes. Interestingly, at the early stage of stimulation, these genes were down-regulated and then up-regulated by the results obtained that the expressions of these genes were decreased at day 1 post-injection and gradually increased at day 3 post-injection. Thus, the stimulatory effect of rIL-1$\beta$ on the expression of MX-3 and IRF-3 gene might be an indirect stimulatory effect because significant up-regulation was delayed until day 3 post-injection.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.281-294
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• 2016

The increased awareness of electromagnetic wave hazards has prompted studies on electromagnetic shielding using conductive materials in the construction industry. Previous studies have explored the effects of the types of conductive materials and their mix proportions on the electromagnetic shielding performance; however, there has been insufficient research on the effect of the geometry of the conductive materials on the electromagnetic shielding performance. Therefore, in this study, the dependence of the electromagnetic shielding performance on the cross-sectional geometry, diameter and length of fibers was investigated. The results showed that the electromagnetic shielding performance improved when the fiber length increased or the diameter decreased, but the effect of the cross-sectional geometry of the fibers was smaller than the effect of the fiber spacing factor.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2008

Objectives: This research was investigated to find out the effect of the anticoagulant Perillae folium extract. Methods: To examine an active effect of anticoagulation in Perillae folium extract, the study measured Prothrombin time(PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) of human plasma in vitro and measured bleeding time and arterio-venous shunt model in rats in vivo. Results: Bleeding time of Perillae folium extract in vivo had a significant increase 1.6 times and thrombus weight of Perillae folium extract had a significant reduction of thrombus weight as 68%. Perillae folium extract had an effect of anticoagulation by operating on extrinsic pathway factor II, V, VII, X and intrinsic pathway factor VIII, IX, X, VI, VII in the coagulation system. Conclusions: Considering the above mentioned results, it is judged that a Perillae folium extract has a control effect of thrombus creation.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.617-624
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• 1999

The spiral type thin-film inductor performed in high frequency at 2-5[MHz] range is analyzed by 2-dimensional Finite Element Method(2D FEM). The features of micro thin-film inductor have complicated electromagnetic phenomenon such as skin effect, proximity effect and magnetic saturation. To develope miniatured magnetic device considering these features, it is important to predict the property of the thin film inductor according to design parameter. In this paper, we present the 2D FEM analysis for the spiral type thin film inductor. The characteristics of inductor from point of view of inductance, resistance and quality factor are studied according to design parameter and various pattern construction.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2012

3% 이하의 저염 농도에서 맛, 향미 및 저장성을 높이기 위하여 갓과 고추를 첨가한 야콘 피클의 저장 중 품질특성을 이요인 분산분석을 이용하여 품질 특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 당도, 총산도 및 염도는 갓과 고추 첨가에 따라 시료간에 유의적인 차이가 있었고, 저장기간에 따라서도 시료간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 갓과 고추 첨가와 저장기간에 따른 상호작용 효과도 나타났으며, 저장기간이 길어질수록 모든 시료에서 당도, 총산도 및 염도는 증가하였다. 색도에서 L값은 갓과 고추 첨가에 따른 시료간에 차이는 없었으나, 저장기간에 따라서는 유의적인 차이가 있었다. a값과 b값은 갓과 고추 첨가에 따른 시료간 차이와 저장 기간에 따른 차이에서 모두 유의적으로 나타났으며, L, a 및 b값 모두 갓과 고추 첨가와 저장기간에 따른 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. 저장기간 동안 야콘 피클의 절단력은 갓과 고추 첨가와 저장기간에 따른 시료간에 차이가 없어 연부현상은 나타나지 않은 것으로 보여진다. 관능검사에서 색, 맛과 전체적인 선호도는 갓과 고추 첨가와 저장기간에 따라서 각각 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 향미는 저장기간에 따른 차이만 나타났고, 질감은 갓과 고추 첨가와 저장기간에 따라서도 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 저염 야콘 피클은 저장 30일과 40일에 전체적인 선호도가 높았고, 갓과 고추를 첨가한 야콘 피클은 다른 시료보다 선호도가 높았다. 부재료 첨가 유무와 저장기간에 따른 상호작용 효과는 전체적인 선호도에서만 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.389-400
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• 2009

In this research, we measured the number of lanes, distance, disposition of apartment that are affecting the road traffic noise to evaluate the current condition of G city's road traffic noise. We decide on a basis regarding an apartment price formation factor, and the apartment current price and the results that compared. To have a point scale, we set the maximum road traffic noise at a 8 lane road for 5 points, give 4 points for a 6 lane road, which has a $2.1{\sim}2.5\;dB(A)$ difference compared to a 8 lane road, give 3 points for a 4 lane road, which has a $5.2{\sim}5.5\;dB(A)$ difference compared to a 8 lane road, and set 2 points for a 2 lane road and lower. If we set the standard floor plan as horizontal and a living room facing the roadside, the horizontal and living room facing the opposite side of the road is 1 point because it differs by 14.1 dB(A), and the vertical is 3 points since the difference is 5.3 dB(A). If we make grades by the distance, making standard the fifth floor with little soundproof effect from apartment to road, we observe a measurement below 2.9 dB(A) at a distance of less than 10 m and 5 dB(A), decreased at a distance of 20 m. Therefore, 4 points were given for less than 10m, 3 points for $10{\sim}20\;m$, 2 points for more than 20 m as we can apply the effect of a decay distance of line sound source and the decrease in noise effects of more than 6 dB(A), 1 point for more than 40m, and 0 points for more that 80 m since it is negligible. 28 apartments got 0 points because there is no effect of road traffic noise from other apartments, and 50 apartments where only the road at one side effect them got $5{\sim}10$ points. 4 apartments (17-2, 6-3, 10-4, 3-3) received over 20 points. 15 cases showed a difference between developer price and resale price, and 11 cases (73%) among them showed the same trend (price increases with a low road traffic noise restriction factor point) with the point of road traffic noise restriction factor. 4 cases demonstrated the opposite trend, showing price increases with a high restriction factor point. Among the 4 cases, case numbers 2,6 and 9 appear to be more affected by the location factor (business district) than the road traffic noise restriction factor, and case number 1 appears to be affected by the building factor (openness and direction).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.429-447
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• 1996

Transforming growth factor $-{\beta}$ is one of the polypeptide growth factors that mediate the activity of mesenchymal cells and regulate wound healing process via cell proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix formation. The purposes of this study is to evaluate the effects of transforming growth factor $-{\beta}$ on the protein synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts. The cells which were prepared were primary cultured gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells from humans, and the fourth or sixth subpassage were used in the experiments. Cells were seeded and at a confluent state, 0, 0.5, I, 2.5, 5, 10 ng/ml $TGF-{\beta}$ and $2{\mu]Ci/ml\;[^3H]$ proline were added to the cells and cultured for 24 hours. Then, 1 and 5 ng/ml concentrations were selected and added to confluent cells and cultured for 24 and 48 hours. They were labeled with $2{\mu}Ci/ml\;[^3H]$ proline for 24 hours and a collagen assay was done by the Peterkofsky and Diegelman method. The results were presented as the mean disintegration per minute (dpm) per well and S.D. of four determinations, The results were as follows. : The total protein, collagen and noncollagenous protein synthesis in periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts were increased dose- dependently by transforming growth factor-p to 2.5-5 ng/ml concentration and decreased at 10 ng/ml concentration. The percent of collagen was slightly changed according to the concentration of transforming growth factor-po The effect of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ was not specific for collagen synthesis since it increased the total, noncollagenous and collagenous protein, simultaneously. In the comparison of protein synthetic activity between the human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts, the human gingival fibroblasts had higher activities than the human periodontal ligament cells at all times and concentrations of $TGF-{\beta}$. In the comparison of protein synthetic activity between the 24 hour effect and the 48 hour effect of $TGF-{\beta}$, the 48 hour cultured cells' synthetic activity decreased more than the 24 hour cultured cells at human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts. In conclusion, $TGF-{\beta}$ has important roles in the stimulation of protein synthesis in human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts. Thus, it may be useful for clinical application in periodontal regenerative procedures.