• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.475-491
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• 2022

Purpose - This study analyzed the correlation and effect of FTA environmental factors (company internal environmental factors, corporate external environmental factors) between FTA utilization and performance of Shandong companies in China. Design/methodology/approach - To test the hypothesis, SPSS 24.0 statistical packages were used based on the collected data. Findings - First, it was confirmed that internal environmental factors (international marketing orientation, corporate competitiveness, and corporate awareness of FTA) of companies had a positive(+) effect on FTA utilization. Second, The government's support for FTA utilization will have a significant positive (+) effect on companies' FTA utilization.Non-tariff barriers will have a negative (-) effect on companies' use of FTA. Third, A company's FTA utilization will have a significant positive effect on FTA performance. Research implications or Originality - If Shandong companies want to increase the utilization of FTAs, they should strengthen international marketing, such as collecting information on competitors and improving product quality and price competitiveness, and increase corporate competitiveness through active export activities to the global market.In order to increase the awareness of FTA among enterprises in Shandong Province, the government should strengthen the relevant education of enterprises about FTA.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.225-251
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• 2014

강원도 기업들을 대상으로 한 FTA 활용현황 및 이용 현황에 대한 설문조사에 따르면 전체 응답기업의 약 90% 이상이 중소기업인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중소기업이 상대적으로 많은 강원도의 수출입 기업들을 대상으로 FTA 인지도 및 FTA 활용도가 FTA 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 가설의 검증결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반적으로 기업의 특성은 FTA 활용도에 영향을 미치고 있으며, 강원도 수출기업의 경우 글로벌 지향성(수출비중)과 기업 경쟁력(연매출액)이 높은 기업일수록 FTA 활용도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, FTA 인지도가 높을수록 FTA 수출활용도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 수입기업은 HS 및 협정세율 인지도의 경우만 FTA 수입활용도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 기업의 FTA 활용도는 FTA 발효에 따른 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 FTA 원산지증명서 발급 등 FTA 활용이 수출자에게 보다는 FTA 상대국 수입자에게 원가절감 등 가시적인 영향(성과)로 작용하기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. FTA 활용이 강원도 수출기업에게 직접적인 성과로 나타나기 위해서는 향후 단계적 관세인하 품목들의 관세가 상당부분 철폐되고 안정적인 FTA 원산지관리 시스템이 전제되어야 할 것이다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.59-82
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• 2015

According to the survey on the state of practical usage and present situation of FTAs, conducted among trade companies operating in Shandong province in 2014, more than 90% of companies are believed to be small and medium sized enterprises. Therefore this study tries to test what impact the awareness and utilization of an FTA have on its outcome among trade companies operating in Shandong province as well as partner countries and other trade companies. The research results are as follows. First, we found a positive correlation between 1) a company's global orientation (as measured in export density as a percentage of profit) and 2) its competitiveness (as measured in annual sales), and a company's degree of utilization of FTA provisions. Second, One of the findings is that the more aware of the (exporting) HS code, conventional tariffs and the process of issuing C/O the companies from Shandong province are the more they actually use (utilize) an FTA inpractice. Another interesting finding is that the more aware of the (exporting) HS code and conventional tariffs the enterprises are the higher is their practical usage level of an FTA. Third, however, at the time of this study's completion, FTA utilization was not yet positively correlated with statistically significant performance results. Therefore, to increase the utilization and performance of FTA, the China government have to make a efficient business models for each industry and support the small and mid-size businesses including Shandong province's SMEs.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.978-987
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• 2015

This study investigates the awareness levels of Korean textile companies and develops appropriate response plans for the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement. The study also explores practical and realistic directions that the Korean textile industry must initiate. A qualitative study was conducted on 10 individuals for a more in-depth and demonstrative understanding that provide a better awareness on the responses of the textile industry towards the Korea-US FTA. The results of this study are as follows. First, the effect of the Korea-US FTA on the textile industry was insignificant. Second, industry members determined that fabric sectors and specialized fabrics (such as industrial materials and finished clothing products) could realize benefits through the Korea-US FTA. Third, industry members emphasize that the current focus is on FTAs by countries that have solidified their positions as manufacturing and sewing bases for the US and Europe (such as Southeast Asia) and not the Korea-US FTA. Based on results acquired through this study, the response measures to enter the U.S. market are as follows. First, the industry must develop high-performance and high value-adding direct export products suited to the needs of the US market in order to realize the benefits of the Korea-US FTA. Second, the industry and government must cooperate to actively host and participate in overseas trade shows that can actively open sales channels within the US. Third, the self-sustainability of textile companies must be cultivated through continuous and focused government training.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.588-595
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness levels of Korean textile companies and develop appropriate response plans for the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement. Through such, the study aims to explore practical and realistic directions that the Korean textile industry must take in the future. As for the research method, a survey on the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement was conducted to 50 Korean textile companies which mainly deal in textile exports. Results showed that Korean textile companies possess above average awareness for the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement and carry the perception that the FTA has thus far had a positive effect of market revitalization and contributions to sales. Nonetheless, perceptions on the needs for the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement and level of awareness were below average while government assistance seen to be unsatisfactory. Such results suggest that measures for successful access to the U.S. market require developing products customized for the U.S. market and creating new market opportunities by participating in U.S. exhibits and shows. In addition, textile companies must develop their abilities for self-sustainability through continuous FTA related programs provided by government in addition to investing efforts to understand global markets within companies through response measures on the FTA as a whole.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.367-387
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• 2013

본 연구는 FTA 확산시대에 한중FTA에 있어 문제가 될 수 있는 수출보험제도에 대해 양국 수출기업의 만족도를 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 통해 한국과 중국의 수출보험제도에 대한 특징을 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 양국 수출보험제도 이용자들의 만족도를 조사하였다. 수출신용보험제도에 대한 만족도를 살펴보았다. 신용에 대한 인식(3.53), 수출지역에 대한 인식(3.38), 위험관리방법에 대한 인식(3.29), 시장변화에 대한 인식(3.14), 보험사고에 대한 인식(3.24), 규제에 대한 인식(3.03)은 수출보험제도에 대해 긍 정적인 만족도를 보였으나, 제품불량에 대한 인식(2.97)은 비교적 만족하지 못하고 있었다. 한국과 중국의 수출제도의 차별성이 존재하기에 직접적 비교는 어렵다는 한계는 가지고 있으나, 본 연구를 통해 다양한 수출보험 상품의 필요성을 제시할 수 있으며, 한국과 중국의 수출기업들은 대체적으로 수출보험상품에 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.127-149
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• 2010

It is well known that FTA increases consumer welfare. However, it is difficult to analyze consumer welfare effects of FTA for item by item because of the difficulty in data collection. In this respect, this study aims at analyzing the types of increasing consumer welfares with item by item. According to the result of the study, there are five types of consumer welfare increased by FTA, and the items are like below: banana, kiwi, octopus, wine, and etc. However, it is hard for consumer to feel effects of FTA directly for several reasons. The problem of distribution structure of imported goods and, tariff reductions over long period are parts of the reasons to reduce the consumer wealfare effects. And the lack of consumer awareness about imported goods also reduces them. In order to promote FTA more efficiently, this study suggests that the government must improve the problems mentioned because consumer consent is essential element for further FTA promotion.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.509-535
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• 2010

This paper examines the Spaghetti bowl effect that different tariffs and rules of origin in multiple FTAs have resulted in increasing the significantly additional burden for business when it comes to apply for the use of FTA preference. The wide spread of FTAs in the several years, from 2003 to 2010, has been the most important trade policy development in economically important Korea. Korea presently has 5 FTAs in effect, and made 3 additional agreements which will be expected to take effect in next year. With the study result and expecting a growing number of FTAs in Korea in a next decade, the international trading firms will face rise of transaction costs for enterprises, particularly small- and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) to cope with multiple tariffs and rule of origins in FTAs. To help mitigate negative effects and facilitate a more SEMs to use the FTA preference, providing new computer programs system, increasing the awareness of FTA provisions, improving business participation in FTA consultations, and SME support in light of education, and financial support are needed.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.145-165
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to suggest strategies and solutions for entering China in the tariff and non-tariff sectors of the cosmetic industry. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed the import tariff rate of cosmetics in China, and analyzed the export cost by actually interviewing the exporting companies to derive the economic effect of non-tariff measures. Findings - First, We proposed the use of the FTA business model (basic cosmetics), the use of Korea-China FTA tariffs (foam cleansing, toothpaste), and the use of APTA tariffs (perfume). Second, We proposed cooperation between the governments to facilitate customs clearance procedures and improvement of FTA awareness among corporate practitioners. Third, We proposed the expansion and support of the AEO MRA system and the expansion of Korea-China MOU conclusions regarding the certification system, and the international standardization of domestic licensing system and technical conditions. Fourth, We proposed the use of government-supported projects related to obtaining overseas certifications and overseas expansion through collaboration with the same industry. Research implications or Originality - HS3304 products excluded from the Korea-China FTA should take full advantage of the FTA business model. In addition, the non-tariff measure costs are fixed costs per year, so the ratio decreases as the number of exports and export volume increases.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.112-127
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• 2009

2007년 현재 한 미 FTA 협상 결과에 따라 미국산 수입 쇠고기의 개방이 본격화되면서 국내 외식시장의 변화가 예상되고 있다. 이에 국내 외식시장은 '쇠고기 원산지 표시제의 정착'과 '국내산 한우와 수입 쇠고기에 대한 소비자 니즈의 충족'이라는 당면과제를 안고 있다. 이와 같이 조사 분석된 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반음식점의 쇠고기 원산지 표시에 대한 소비자 인식 수준은 비교적 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 수입 쇠고기를 선호하는 이유는 한우에 비해 맛은 떨어지지만 가격이 상대적으로 저렴하기 때문인 것으로 나타났으며, 일반음식점에서 판매하는 국내산 한우에 대한 불신감이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 국내산 한우는 맛의 우수성, 안전성, 신선도에서 높은 평가를 받고 있는 반면, 수입 쇠고기는 모든 속성에서 보통 수준 이하의 낮은 평가를 받고 있었다. 이와 같은 조사 결과를 토대로 판단해 볼 때, 쇠고기의 원산지 표시제에 대한 일반음식점의 올바른 인식과 원산지 표시제도의 정착을 통해 소비자들이 믿고 먹을 수 있는 외식 환경이 조성되어야 하며, 국내산 한우와 수입 쇠고기에 대한 소비자 니즈를 충족시키기 위한 노력이 있어야 할 것이다.