• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.562-568
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• 2009

Hull form generation and variation methods to be mainly discussed in this study are based on the fairness optimized B-Spline form parameter curves (FOBFC). These curves can be used both as indirect modification function for variation and as geometric entities for hull form generation. The flexibility and functionality of geometric control technique play the most important role for the success of hull form optimization. This study shows the hydrodynamic optimization process and the characteristics of optimum design hull forms of a 14,000TEU containership and 60K LPG carrier. SHIPFLOW has been used as a CFD solver and FS-Framework as a geometric modeler and optimizer.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제40권5_6호
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• pp.933-947
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• 2022

In this research, we presented the type 2 fuzzy transportation problem with additional constraints and solved by our proposed genetic algorithm model, and the results are verified using the softwares, genetic algorithm tool in Matlab and Lingo. The goal of our approach is to minimize the cost in solving a transportation problem with an additional constraint (TPAC) using the genetic algorithm (GA) based type 2 fuzzy parameter. We reduced the type 2 fuzzy set (T₂FS) into a type 1 fuzzy set (T₁FS) using a critical value-based reduction method (CVRM). Also, we use the centroid method (CM) to obtain the corresponding crisp value for this reduced fuzzy set. To achieve the best solution, GA is applied to TPAC in type 2 fuzzy parameters. A real-life situation is considered to illustrate the method.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.80-93
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• 2000

This study measured the shearing resistance of the roots of the Pinus Koraiensis by the tensile strength gained through their individual tensile test for the Root Reinforcement Model. On the basis of the shearing resistance value calculated through such a process the factor of safety(Fs) was comparatively presented by using the simplified Janbu Method in PCSTABL5M, the slop-analyzing software which had been developed in Purdue University of the U.S.A according to the shape of a slope and the type of soil. The results to have measured a stress and the factor of safety(Fs) by experiment are as follows. 1) The mean root diameter of the Pinus Koraiensis used for this experiment was 2.483mm and the mean tensile stress was calculated as 422.846(kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$). In the strain ratio of material and the elastic modulus was measured 7.8%, 9,291.92(kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$). 2) The shearing strength including the resistance of soil and root is expressed as Rt=C+Cr+$\sigma$.tan . ΔCr(kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) of the shearing resistance calculated by estimating the areal ratio of roots at 10 is 0.253(kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$). 3) As the result of making an analysis of the natural slope stability by the soil parameter, the factor of safety(Fs) was calculated at 1.795 in CL, and the stability analysis of the root reinforcement slope, Fs was calculated at 1.952. However, since a precise analysis of the controlled factors of the slope analyses are demanded for more accurate dynamic analyses, the future demands a study on this.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2019

본 논문은 레이돔과 같은 다층구조의 주파수 선택적 표면(frequency selective surfaces: FSS)을 설계하는데, 편파나 입사각 등 다양한 고려사항에 대한 유연성을 갖는 픽셀 형태의 주파수 선택적 표면을 설계하는 것에 관한 것이다. 픽셀 형태의 FSS를 설계할 때 이산 공간 문제를 해결할 수 있는 다양한 방법 중 이진 입자 군집 최적화(binary particle swarm optimization: BPSO) 알고리즘은 FSS의 주기구조 패턴을 결정하는데 쉽게 적용 가능한 기술 중 하나이며, 따라서 향상된 BPSO 알고리즘을 통해 롤 오프 전파 투과특성을 갖는 FSS를 효율적으로 설계하는 기법을 제안하였다. 원하는 솔루션에 입자를 유도하기 위한 적합성 함수 설계에 대하여 수렴속도 문제를 해결하기 위해, '기울기'를 입력 변수로 한 적합성 함수를 적용할 경우 쉽게 원하는 전파특성을 갖는 FSS를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to develop a novel method for evaluating forward osmosis (FO) membrane performances using a non-pressurized FO system. Basic membrane performance parameters including water (A) and solute (B) permeability coefficients and unique parameter for FO membrane such as the support layer structural parameter (S) were determined in two FO modes (i.e., active layer faces feed solution (AL-FS) and active layer faces draw solution (AL-DS)). Futhermore, these parameters were compared with those determined in a pressurized reverse osmosis (RO) system. Theoretical water flux was calculated by employing these parameters to a model that accounts for the effects of both internal and external concentration polarization. Water flux from FO experiment was compared to theoretical water fluxes for assessing the reliability of those parameters determined in three different operation modes (i.e., AL-FS FO, AL-DS FO, and RO modes). It is demonstrated that FO membrane performance parameters can be accurately measured in non-pressurized FO mode. Specifically, membrane performance parameters determined in AL-DS FO mode most accurately predict FO water flux. This implies that the evaluation of FO membrane performances should be performed in non-pressurized FO mode, which can prevent membrane compaction and/or defect and more precisely reflect FO operation conditions.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2011

연구목적: 치과용 접착제에서 기저단량체로 사용되는 Bis-GMA를 Bis-M-GMA로 대체한 접착레진이, Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 를 사용한 접착제와 비교할 만한 물성과 접착강도를 가지는지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 다양한 구성비의 Bis-GMA, Bis-M-GMA 및 TEGDMA 를 함유한 접착레진을 제작하여, 점도(${\eta}$), 중합률(DC) 및 굴곡강도(FS)를 측정하고, 상아질에 대한 미세인장접착강도(MTBS)를 측정하였다. 해석을 위해 각 단량체들의 용해도 상수(${\delta}_t$)를 비교하였고, 접착계면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 결과: Bis-M-GMA의 점도는 3.65 Pa s로 크게 감소하였다. Bis-GMA를 함유하지 않는 접착레진은 Bis-GMA를 함유한 접착레진에 비해 낮은 굴곡강도를 보였다(p < 0.05). TEGDMA 함량이 낮은 접착레진은 TEGDMA 함량이 높은 접착레진에 비해 낮은 미세인장접착강도를 보였으며(p < 0.05), 주사전자현미경 사진에서 균열이나 틈이 관찰되었다. 결론: 높은 접착강도를 얻기 위해서는 접착레진의 높은 굴곡강도와 초기 중합률 뿐 아니라, 접착레진과 primer 처리 된 상아질 사이의 용해도 상수의 적합성도 요구되었다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.2406-2412
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• 2015

Multi-user multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) system has attracted the 4^th generation wireless network as one of core technique for performance enrichment. In this system rate control is a challenging problem and another problem is optimization. Proper scheduling can resolve these problems by deciding which set of user and at which rate the users send their data. This paper proposes a new multi-parameter based scheduling (MPS) for downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system under space-time block coding (STBC) transmissions. Goal of this MPS scheme is to offer improved link level performance in terms of a low average bit error rate (BER), high packet delivery ratio (PDR) with improved resource utilization and service fairness among the user. This scheme allows the set of users to send data based on their channel quality and their demand rates. Simulation compares the MPS performance with other scheduling scheme such as fair scheduling (FS), normalized priority scheduling (NPS) and threshold based fair scheduling (TFS). The results obtained prove that MPS has significant improvement in average BER performance with improved resource utilization and fairness as compared to the other scheduling scheme.

• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.2256-2268
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• 2018

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic polyethersulfone (PES)-zinc oxide (ZnO) sublayers were prepared by loading of ZnO nanoparticles into PES matrix. Both porosity and hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic sublayer were increased upon addition of hydrophilic ZnO, while these were decreased for the hydrophobic sublayer. In addition, the results demonstrated that the hydrophilic membrane exhibited smaller structural parameter (S value or S parameter or S), which is beneficial for improving pure water permeability and decreasing mass transfer resistance. In contrast, a higher S parameter was obtained for the hydrophobic membrane. With a 2 M NaCl as DS and DI water as FS, the pure water flux of hydrophilic TFN0.5 membrane was increased from $21.02L/m^2h$ to $30.06L/m^2h$ and decreased for hydrophobic TFN0.5 membrane to $14.98L/m^2h$, while the salt flux of hydrophilic membrane increased from $10.12g/m^2h$ to $17.31g/m^2h$ and decreased for hydrophobic TFN0.5 membrane to $3.12g/m^2h$. The increment in pure water permeability can be ascribed to reduction in S parameter, which resulted in reduced internal concentration polarization (ICP). The current study provides a feasible and low cost procedure to decrease the ICP in FO processes.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.382-386
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• 2012

A femtosecond laser with 775nm central wavelength and 150 fs of temporal pulse width was used for multi layered glass cutting applications. Ultrashort pulse was effectively used for clean glass cutting with $50{\mu}m$ depth and minimum cutting width. Laser beam was split to two stages and focused on the top surfaces of each layer. Ablation threshold of used glass was measured to be $2.59J/cm^2$. In experiments, 200mW laser power and 1mm/s scanning speed was used for preliminary experiment. Air gap was the major defect occurring parameter and laser power was less sensitive to glass cutting in the experiment. The maximum cutting speed was measured to be 60mm/min with 2kHz, however, Maximum 3m/min cutting speed can be achievable with a commercially available laser with 100kHz.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.346-348
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• 2004

In this rarer, we introduce a new Fuzzy Polynomial Neural Networks (FPNNs)-like structure whose neuron is based on the Fuzzy Set-based Fuzzy Inference System (FS-FIS) and is different from that of FPNNs based on the Fuzzy relation-based Fuzzy Inference System (FR-FIS) and discuss the ability of the new FPNNs-like structurenamed Fuzzy Set-based Polynomial Neural Networks (FSPNN). The premise parts of their fuzzy rules are not identical, while the consequent parts of the both Networks (such as FPNN and FSPNN) are identical. This difference results from the angle of a viewpoint of partition of input space of system. In other word, from a point of view of FS-FIS, the input variables are mutually independent under input space of system, while from a viewpoint of FR-FIS they are related each other. In considering the structures of FPNN-like networks such as FPNN and FSPNN, they are almost similar. Therefore they have the same shortcomings as well as the same virtues on structural side. The proposed design procedure for networks' architecture involves the selection of appropriate nodes with specific local characteristics such as the number of input variables, the order of the polynomial that is constant, linear, quadratic, or modified quadratic functions being viewed as the consequent part of fuzzy rules, and a collection of the specific subset of input variables. On the parameter optimization phase, we adopt Information Granulation (IG) based on HCM clustering algorithm and a standard least square method-based learning. Through the consecutive process of such structural and parametric optimization, an optimized and flexible fuzzy neural network is generated in a dynamic fashion. To evaluate the performance of the genetically optimized FSPNN (gFSPNN), the model is experimented with using gas furnace process dataset.