• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1090-1094
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• 2008

Treatment effects of grape fruit stem extracts (GFSE) containing trans-resveratrol or fermented pollen (FP), and ethylene gas scavenging material (EGS) on the storage property of fresh jujube (Z izyphus jujuba forma hoonensis C.S. Yook) were investigated. Fresh jujubes were packed in different storage containers (PE film and Lock & Lock vessel), and treated with GFSE containing trans-resveratrol of 30 ppm or 1% FP, and EGS. The storage vessels were stored in refrigerator ($0{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) during 12 weeks, and then quality characteristics during storage period were analysed. Hardness slightly increased until 4 weeks and decreased afterward. Soluble solid ($^{\circ}Bx$) and total titratable acidity of fresh jujube slightly increased in all treatments during storage period. Vitamin C content of fresh jujube slightly decreased in all treatments during storage period. Number of microorganisms decreased until 4 weeks and increased afterward. The decay enzyme activity increased in all treatments during storage period. Storage stability was higher for PE film than Lock & Lock containers. Storage period of fresh jujube in this experiment ranges in $8{\sim}9$ weeks for maturity fruits treated with 30 ppm of GFSE and ethylene gas scavenging material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.207-208
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• 2000

Since trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene (DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) arise from anaerobic degradation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and TCE, there is interest in creating aerobic remediation systems that avoid the highly toxic VC and cis-DCE which predonominate in anaerobic degradation. However, it seemed TCE could not be degraded aerobically without an inducing compound (which also competitively inhibits TCE degradation). It has been shown that TCE induces expression of both the toluene dioxygenase of p. putida F1 as well as toluene-p-monooxygenase of P.mendocina KRI. We investigated here the ability of PCE, TCE, and chlorinated phenols to induce toluene-o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) from P.stutzeri OX1. ToMO has a relaxed regio-specificity since it hydroxylates toluene in the ortho, meta, and para positions; it also has a broad substrate range as it oxidizes o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and naphthalene; chlorinated compounds including TCE, 1, 1-DCE, cis-DCE, trans-DCE, VC, and chloroform : as well as mixtures of chlorinated aliphatics (Pseudomonas 1999 Maui Meeting). ToMO is a multicomponent enzyme with greatest similarity to the aromatic monooxygenases of Burkholderia pickettii PKO1 and P.mendocina KR1. Using P.sturzeri OX1, it was found that PCE induces P.mendocina KR1 Using P.situtzeri OX1, it was found that PCE induces ToMO activity measured as naphthalene oxygenase activity 2.5-fold, TCE induces 2.3-fold, and toluene induces 3.0 fold. With the mutant P.stutzeri M1 which does not express ToMO, it was also found there was no naphthalene oxygenate activity induced by PCE and TCE; hence, PCE and TCE induce the tow path. Using P.putida PaW340(pPP4062, pFP3028) which has the tow promoter fused to the reporter catechol-2, 3-dioxygenase and the regulator gene touR, it was determined that the tow promoter was induced 5.7-, 7.1-, and 5.2-fold for 2-, 3-, 4-chlorophenol, respectively (cf. 8.9-fold induction with o-cresol) : however, TCE and PCE did not directly induce the tou path. Gas chromatography and chloride ion analysis also showed that TCE induced ToMO expression in P.stutzeri OX1 and was degraded and mineralized. This is the first report of significant PCE induction of any enzyme as well as the first report of chlorinated compound induction of the tou operon. The results indicate TCE and chlorinated phenols can be degraded by P.stutzeri OX1 without a separate inducer of the tou pathway and without competitive inhibition.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.226-233
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• 1994

Three hundred and one cellulolytic bacterial were isolated from the 148 screening sources such as decomposed wood, soil, compost and leaf mold. Among them, strain KL-6 was found to have the highest of cellulase activity, and identified as species belonged to the genus Cellulomonas. Strain KL-6 was decompose up to 90% of the filter paper (whatman No. 1) substrate within 50 hours, and showed the colony halo formation (11 cm). The activities of CMCase (67 unit/ml), FPase (70 unit/ml) and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ (0.68 unit/ml) were obtained when this strain was cultured for 50 hrs at $30^{\circ}C$. Glucose was not found in detectable amounts at the FP medium. The optimum composition of nutrient medium for the cell growth by strain KL-6 was sucrose 0.5%, yeast extract 0.1%, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4\;0.1%$, $K_2HPO_4\;0.1%$, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.01%$, $CaCl_2\; 0.01%$, NaCl 0.6%, $CaCO_3\;0.1%$ and the optimum pH and temperature were 7.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1312-1321
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• 2011

Enzyme extracts of cellulase [filter paper cellulase (FPase) and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase)], chitinase, and chitosanase produced by Aspergillus niger NRRL-567 were evaluated. The interactive effects of initial moisture and different inducers for FP cellulase and CMCase production were optimized using response surface methodology. Higher enzyme activities [FPase $79.24{\pm}4.22$ IU/gram fermented substrate (gfs) and CMCase $124.04{\pm}7.78$ IU/gfs] were achieved after 48 h fermentation in solid-state medium containing apple pomace supplemented with rice husk [1% (w/w)] under optimized conditions [pH 4.5, moisture 55% (v/w), and inducers veratryl alcohol (2 mM/kg), copper sulfate (1.5 mM/kg), and lactose 2% (w/w)] (p<0.05). Koji fermentation in trays was carried out and higher enzyme activities (FPase $96.67{\pm}4.18$ IU/gfs and CMCase $146.50{\pm}11.92$ IU/gfs) were achieved. The nonspecific chitinase and chitosanase activities of cellulase enzyme extract were analyzed using chitin and chitosan substrates with different physicochemical characteristics, such as degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, and viscosity. Higher chitinase and chitosanase activities of $70.28{\pm}3.34$ IU/gfs and $60.18{\pm}3.82$ to $64.20{\pm}4.12$ IU/gfs, respectively, were achieved. Moreover, the enzyme was stable and retained 92-94% activity even after one month. Cellulase enzyme extract obtained from A. niger with chitinolytic and chitosanolytic activities could be potentially used for making low-molecular-weight chitin and chitosan oligomers, having promising applications in biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, food, and agricultural industries, and in biocontrol formulations.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.3637-3641
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• 2014

In this study, we analyzed the toxicity of mixtures of dimethylformamide (DMF) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) or DMF and toluene (TOL) and predicted their toxicity using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). A QSAR model for single substances and mixtures was analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) by taking into account the statistical parameters between the observed and predicted $EC_{50}$. After preprocessing, the best subsets of descriptors in the learning methods were determined using a 5-fold cross-validation method. Significant differences in physico-chemical properties such as boiling point (BP), specific gravity (SG), Reid vapor pressure (rVP), flash point (FP), low explosion limit (LEL), and octanol/water partition coefficient (Pow) were observed between the single substances and the mixtures. The $EC_{50}$ of the mixture of DMF and TOL was significantly lower than that of DMF. The mixture toxicity was directly related to the mixing ratio of TOL and MEK (MLR $EC_{50}$ equation = $1.76997-1.12249{\times}TOL+1.21045{\times}MEK$), as well as to SG, VP, and LEL (MLR equation $EC_{50}=15.44388-19.84549{\times}SG+0.05091{\times}VP+1.85846{\times}LEL$). These results show that QSAR-based models can be used to quantitatively predict the toxicity of mixtures used in manufacturing industries.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.319-322
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• 2013

Image retrieval research activity has moved its focus from global descriptors to local descriptors of feature point such as SIFT. MPEG is Currently working on standardization of effective coding of location and local descriptors of feature point in the context mobile based image search driven application in the name of MPEG-7 CDVS (Compact Descriptor for Visual Search). The extracted feature points consist of two parts, location information and Descriptor. For efficient image retrieval, we proposed a novel method that is gradual block-based efficient lossy location coding to compress location information according to distribution in images. From experimental result, the number of average bits per feature point reduce 5~6% and the accuracy rate keep compared to state of the art TM 3.0.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1998

Sleep deprivation may affect the brain functions such as cognition and consequently, dynamics of the BEG. We examined the effects of sleep deprivation on chaoticity of the EEG. Five volunteers were sleep-deprived over a period of 24 hours They were checked by EEG during two days. thc first day of baseline period and the second day of total sleep deprivation period. EEGs were recorded from 16 channels for nonlinear analysis. We employed a method of minimum embedding dimension to calculate the first positive Lyapunov exponent. Fer limited noisy data, this algorithm was strikingly faster and more accurate than previous ones. Our results show that the sleep deprived volunteers had lower values of the first positive Lyapunov exponent at ten channels (Fp1, F4. F8. T4, T5. C3, C4. P3. P4. O1) compared with the values of baseline periods. These results suggested that sleep deprivation leads to decrease of chaotic activity in brain and impairment of the information processing in the brain. We suggested that nonlinear analysis of the EEG before and after sleep deprivation may offer fruitful perspectives for understanding the role if sleep and the effects of sleep deprivation on the brain function.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.157-163
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• 2016

Purpose : This study purposed on the understanding of psychology in the elderly women using depression scale and electroephalography. The subjects were thirty elderly women in geriatric care hospital. All participants were elderly women over 65 years old. The subjects signed up with informed consent and they were divided into a normal elderly group, an exercise elderly group and a hospital elderly group. They were randomly assigned with 10 persons. Methods : The study instruments were Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) and Poly-G-I. Brain wave activity was measured by 'power spectrum analysis' of TeleScan program. Statistic analysis consisted of average, standard deviation, One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey using SPSS 21.0 version. The significance was set at .05. Results : Depression scale results showed that the exercise elderly group were $10.60{\pm}5.36$ points which was the lowest among the three groups. The Normal elderly group was $16.20{\pm}5.59$, and the hospitalized elderly group was $16.70{\pm}6.76$ points. There was no significant difference between the normal elderly group, exercise elderly group and hospitalized elderly group. The hospitalized group showed statistical difference in relative theta power in the area of Fp1, F3, F4, T3, P3 as compared to the normal elderly group and the exercise elderly groups. There was no significant difference between relative beta power and relative gamma power in three groups. Conclusion : Geriatric depressed scale showed no significant difference in each group. This is indicated in the mental problems associated with depression. This indicates a higher level of depression in the hospitalized elderly women, more than in the normal elderly women and exercise elderly women groups.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1973

Azotobacter vinelandii cell extracts and its variety of purified fractions with regard to their ability to form the redox state of the Shethna Flavoprotein (free radical form FPH.) were studied. A fluorescent flavoprotein (protein I) and a brown protein (protein II) were the most active proteins which were isolated in purified form. The free radical formation activity was substantially decreased during the purification and was completely lost upon storage in a week under nitrogen in a frozenstate. The presence of free flavin (FMN) with NADH enhanced the rate of free radical formation. The reaction of FMN and NADH was found to be catalysed by various cell fractions. A possible role of FMN as a substrate for free radical shethna flavoprotein was investigated. Slower reaction rate of $FMNH_2+Flavoprotein\;(FP){\to}FPH+FMN$ than $FMN+NADH{\to}FMNH_2$, accumulation of $FMNH_2$ ocurred which subsquently caused FPH.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.335-339
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• 2022

The purpose of this research was to investigate the comparison of core muscle activities according to different performance in static Plank exercise. Ten "J" University's males(age, 23.20±0.65 years; height, 174.54±1.51 cm; body mass, 70.00±2.24 kg; and BMI, 22.94±0.51 kg/m²) completed this study as the subjects. Four type's static Plank motions were performed(full Plank, FP; elbow Plank, EP; side Plank, SP; reverse Plank, RP). For the EMG analysis, we measured the core muscle activities of right side on the rectus abdominis(RA), external oblique(EO), latissimus dorsi(LD), and erector spinae(ES). This research's results were as follows. LD and ES muscle activities were greatest during RP(p<.001). RA and EO muscle activities were greatest during EP(p<.001). Therefore, this results are anticipated to serve as basic data for static Plank performance applications in effective exercise programs.