• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.376-385
• /
• 1984

The habit of anthesis and maturity of sesame were investigated as a basic research for the improvement of high-yielding varieties and cultural practices. Eight different plant types were identified using typical cultivars among gene pool grown in Korea. Non-branching, Monocapsule, Bicarpels quadriloculi (NMB) type showed higher ratio for capsule setting compared with Non-branching, Monocapsule, Quadricarpels octoloculi (NMQ) type. Non-branching, Tricapsules, Quadricarpels octoloculi(NTQ) type presented lower ratio for capsule setting than non-branching, tricapsules, bicarpels quadriloculi(NTB) type. The number of flowers by flower setting position was the highest on lower part, intermediate on middle part, and the lowest on higher part in NMB and NTB type. However, the number of flowers was the highest on middle part, intermediate on lower part, and lowest on higher part in NMQ and NTQ type. BMB type appeared to have the highest ratio for capsule setting when compared with the other plant types. BTB type with many flowers and capsules exhibited higher percentage for capsule setting than BTQ type with lowest capsule setting percentage. Capsule setting percentage of branch appeared to be lower than that of main stern in the branching type. The branching type had more flowers and capsules than non-branching type. Tricapsules type had more flowers and capsules per plant than monocapsule type, and bicarpels quadriloculi type had more than quadricarpels octoloculi type. However, capsule setting ratio in non-branching type was higher than in branching type. The ratio was higher in monocapsule type than in tricapsules type. Bicarpels quadriloculi type had higher ratio of capsule setting than quadricapels octoloculi type. Number of capsules per plant and capsule setting ratio are supposed to be dominated by shape of capsule (number of carpels and loculi), not by branching or number of capsules per axil. The order of number of capsules per plant was as follows; BTB, BMB, NTB, BTQ, BMQ, NTQ, NMQ, and NMB types. However, the order of capsule setting ratio was as follows: BMB, NMB, NTB, NTQ, NMQ, BMQ, BTB, BTQ types. Consequently, branching, tricapsules, bicarpels quadriloculi(BTB) type was considered as a sourse of breeding for high yielding varieties by introducing the genes govering BMB type with one capsule per axil which has high capsule setting ability.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.65 no.1
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2020

The meteorological ecology of a soybean variety (Glycine max Merrill) and its characteristics are important factors in selecting soybean variety suitable for the environment. This experiment was conducted to estimate the meteorological- ecological characteristics of soybean for 27 crop cultivation regions in North Korea. The meteorological ecology of each region was determined by the last harvest date and the maximum growth day determined using the daily minimum temperature of the region. The soybean meteorological group for 27 regions in North Korea was classified by eight groups. The last harvest date of group I, the south-west and south-east areas, was from October 21 to 29, which was the latest harvest date among the eight groups. It became shorter toward the central inland and mountainous areas of group IV, and it ranged from September 18 to October 2. The maximum number of growth days was 153~160 days in group I, and 100~111 days in group IV-3, the northernmost area of the east coast. Assuming total growth days as 110 days, the ranges of last flowering dates (and the day length) of group I, II, III, and IV were August 12~19 (day length of 13.5~13.8 h), August 2~6 (14-14.2 h), July 27~August 2 (14.2~14.4 h), and July 10~22 (14.5~14.8 h), respectively. The accumulative temperature of 110 growth days was above 2,400℃ in group II-1, the south to north area of the west inland, and above 2,300℃ in all regions except Cheongjin, Seonbong, and Jung-gang. The accumulative temperature calculated based on the maximum growth day was above 3,000℃ in group I and II-1 and above 2,500℃ in group II-2, the central area of the east coast, III-1, the central inland area, and IV-1, the central inland mountain area.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2016

Cymbidium kanran Makino is being threatened in its own habitats due illegal collecting and habitat changes by vegetation growth along historical landuse change. In this study, we established habitat restoration model for conservation of C. kanran based on ecological diagnosis. Through exploration to Jeju Island in 2014 and 2015, we identified 27 unknown habitats of C. kanran and in there, abiotic variables and vegetation structure and composition were quantified. Altitudinal distribution of C. kanran was between 200 m~700 m a.s.l. and compared to distribution in 2004, Area of Occupation (AOO) decreased at 82%. Specific habitat affinity was not observed by evenly found in mountain slope and valley and summergreen and evergreen broadleaved forests, but likely more abundant in valley habitats with higher soil and ambient moisture. Total of 96 individual of C. kanran was observed with an average density of $942.6individuals\;ha^{-1}$. The plants showed relatively short leaf length (average=$10.7cm{\pm}1.1cm$) and small number of pseudo bulbs ($1.2{\pm}0.2$). Flowering and fruiting individuals were not observed in field. C. kanran was classified into endangered plant species as CR (Critically Endangered) category by IUCN criteria. Phenotypic plasticity of C. kanran was likely support to sustain in more shaded habitat environment and recent habatat changes to closed canopy and low light availability may exhibit negatively effects to C. kanran's life history. Restoring C. kanran habitat should create open environment as grassland and low woody species density.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.18-28
• /
• 1978

To study about the effect of harvested stage and physical treatment such as wilting or chopping of plant material on the quality of silage, Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum) harvested at pre-headed or heading stage and Seombadi(Dystaenia takesimana Nakai) harvested at pre-flowering stage, were used for the purpose. The materials were treated in four different ways which were a) non-treated, b) one day-wilted, c) chopped with 1 to 2cm length and d) wilted and chopped, and those were ensiled in plastic containers and stored at room temperature for three months. After three months of storage, it was investigated and obtained the following results. 1) Having 6.31 of NFE/CP ratio and low content of crude fiber, Seombadi contained more suitable constituents for silage than Italian ryegrass. 2) Under the non-treated or chopped condition, the loss of NFE was higher, and lower with wilted material. 3) Wilting or chopping improved DM digestibility. 4) Compared with Italian ryegrass harvested at pre-headed stage, the storage amount per unit volume of heading stage-Italian ryegrass and Seombadi were higher 8% and 69% respectively, and wilting and/or chopping increased the storage amount 41 to 134%. 5) The majority of weight loss during storage was observed at 1st week after ensiling, it continued slightly until 4th week. The highest loss in 8th week were 3.76% of nontreated material. 6) One day wilting increased DM content of silage 23 to 131%. Wilting and chopping increased pH and lactic acid improved the quality considerably. 7) The correlation between $NH_3$ and butyric acid, and between lactic acid and DM were r=0.782**, r=0.634** respectively. The regression equation were y=12.853X+4.908 (X=butyric acid), y=0.016X+1.309(X=DM content), respectively. 8. The above results indicate that it is necessary to wilt or chop material to make good quality silage from Italian ryegrass, and such treatment can improve the quality of silage with Seombadi also.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.62 no.2
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 2017

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and other nutrients for humans and animals. Raffinose and stachyose are the main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. They are carbohydrates belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides, which are not readily digested in humans and cause flatulence or diarrhea. The genetic reduction of the raffinose and stachyose contents in mature soybean seeds will improve the nutritional value of soybean. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic traits with 10 $F_6$ strains selected from breeding populations derived from a cross among seven parents. The contents of raffinose and stachyose in mature seeds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Agronomic traits such as flower color, flowering date, harvesting date, lodging, plant height, seed coat color, hilum color, 100 seed weight, and yield were evaluated. Ten intermediate parents showed low raffinose and stachyose contents. The intermediate parent 883-1 had a small seed size, six intermediate parents (15A1, 15D1, RS-5, RS-33, RS-64, and RS-70) had a medium seed size, and two intermediate parents (14G20 and RS-21) had a large seed size. The intermediate parent RS-21 had a black seed coat and a green cotyledon. Four intermediate parents (883-1, 14G20, RS-5, and RS-21) had elite agronomic traits. The new intermediate parents developed through this study will be used to develop improved soybean cultivars with low contents of raffinose and stachyose.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.193-200
• /
• 2004

This pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of systematic variation application of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn on forage performance of orchardgrass and white clover. The treatments of systematic variation were 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and $100/0\%$ in the Fe/Cu(trial-1), Mn/Zn(trial-2), and Fe+Cu/Mn+Zn(trial-3), respectively. The treatments of Fe/Mn/Cu/Zn(trial-4) were composed of $70\%$ in main element and $10\%$ in other 3 elements, respectively. 1. By the systematic variations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn, the yields were more significantly influenced in white clover than in orchardgrass. In addition, the yields of white clover were closely correlated to the trends of root/nodule growth and flowering. In the Fe/Cu trial, the relatively high yields were obtained at the $100/0\%$ in orchardgrass and at the $75/25\%$ in white clover. The yields of white clover were more negatively influenced by the 100/0(Cu control) than by the 0/100(Fe control). The yields of orchardgrass, however, tended to be opposite to the above trends. 2. In the Mn/Zn trial, both forages showed generally high yields at the high ratios of Mn/Zn. Compared with orchardgrass, the yields of white clover were greatly decreased by the Mn-deficiency(low ratio of Mn/Zn). The effects of Zn on forage yields, however, were not recognized. 3. In the Fe+Cu/Mn+Zn trial, the yields of orchardgrass tended to be slightly different among the treatments. The yields of white clover, however, were relatively' high at the 75/25, and showed a severe decrease at the 100/0 in the 2nd half cuts. In the Fe/Mn/Cu/Zn trial, the yields of white clover tended to be relatively high at the Cu and Zn treatments. It was likely to be caused by the balanced Fe/Mn ratio.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2005

This experiment was conducted to evaluate forage production and quality, and soil improvement of three legumes at Cheonan Yonam College. The three legumes used in the experiment were crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) red clover(Trifolium pratense L.) and chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.). Flowering stage was observed on the 20th of April for chinese milk vetch and on the 30th of April for crimson clover, but the red clover did not produce flower until harvest time. The dry matter(DM) content of crimson clover was the highest among the three legumes. In terms of DM yield, crimson clover has the highest yield, the highest yield in crude protein(CP) and total digestible nutrients(TDN) was red clover. In terms of forage quality, the highest CP content was red clover, while the chinese milk vetch was the lowest for both neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiberr(ADF). Red clove. and chinese milk vetch were highest fur TDN content, and the chinese milk vetch has the highest for relative feed value(RFV). Assessment of the chemical properties of soil after harvest showed that the nitrogen content of soil increased in all legumes. The organic matter(OM) content of soil in both crimson and red clover increased, while the chinese milk vetch decreased. The available $P_2O_5$ decreased in all three legumes, but the biggest decrease was in the chinese milk vetch. The exchangeable potassium in the soil for both crimson and red clover increased, but in chinese milk vetch it decreased. Based on the results of this study, the chinese milk vetch was superior in terms of forage quality, but crimson and red clover are excellent in forage yield and in maintaining soil quality in upland.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.233-246
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to suggest the possibility of utilizing the wildflower pasture for promoting public interest. Growth characteristics, botanical composition, fauna distribution on wildflower pastures were observed. The experimental design included two treatments: native wildflower pasture(NWP, turf grasses 6 species + native wildflower 11 species) and introduced wildflower pasture(lWP, turf grasses 6 species + introduced wildflower 9 species). The field trials were carried out on the experimental pasture plots at Chungnam National University from 1997 to 2000. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The flowering of wildflower was maintained continuously from May to September, and the colors of wildflowers; varied seasonally during this period. With native flowers, however, Hemerocallis fulva, Belamcanda chinenis and Aster koraiensisi showed problems in lately germination and early establishment. Meanwhile, Introduced wildflower showed not only excellent germination and early establishment compared to native flowers species but also maintained brighter colors. But Coreopsis tinctoria, Achillea mi/lefolium and Rudbeckia bicolor had colonized at a higher height or possessed stronger rhizome. 2. The appropriate species of turf grass which maintained continuous seasonal distribution are thought to be tall fescue, perennial ryegrass. Kentucky bluegrass in NWP and IWP. 3. Botanical composition of wild flower in NWP was arranged in the order of Achillea sibirica > Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus > Dianthus chinensis > Plantago asiatica > Taraxacum pla~ycarpum > Viola mandshurica > Aster koraiensis > Vicia tetasperma > Lespedeza stipulacea > Hemerocallis fulva, respectively. The highest seasonal distribution of native wildflower, Achillea sibirica was in spring and summer, Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus was in autumn. Botanical composition of wild flower in IWP was arranged in the order of Achillea millefolium Coreopsis tinctoria > Silene armeria > Coreopsis lanceolata > Rudbeckia bicolor > Sanguisorba oficinalis > Centaurea cyanus > Chrysanthemum leucanthemum > Dianthus petraeus, respectively. The highest seasonal distribution of introduced wildflower, Silene armeria was in spring, Achillea millefolium was in summer, and Coreopsis tinctoria was in autumn.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.385-391
• /
• 2012

The growth of terminal shoots of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) was analyzed during the first two months from the time of bud sprout to understand the dynamics of their early growth. Field-grown, mature 'Fuyu' and 'Nishimurawase' trees were used in a three-year study at two locations in Gyeongnam province. The growth of terminal shoots was most active from late April, about 10 days after foliation, to early May, followed by a gradual decline by late May. The increase in leaf area continued unabated throughout May. The weight of a flower bud increased slowly until early May and rapidly after flowering. Although its extension growth had been ceased by late May, dry weight (DW) of a terminal shoot continued to increase almost linearly throughout May due to shoot thickening and continued growth of leaves and fruits. In late May, the leaves and the stem accounted for more than 60% and less than 20% of total DW of a shoot respectively; fruit proportion increased to 7 to 17% by then. Relative growth rate (RGR) of the terminal shoot was higher than 213 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in late April, but declined to less than 63 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in late May. Like the pattern of seasonal changes in RGR, net assimilation rate (NAR) of the shoots decreased from 1.9 to 2 $mg{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ to 0.5 to 0.8 $mg{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. An early-season 'Nishimurawase' did not differ from a late-season 'Fuyu' in RGR and NAR during the first two months of growth. The early growth of the shoots was affected mainly by the reserves redistributed from permanent organs, however, environmental conditions at the time was also involved.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.790-795
• /
• 2010

This experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of cycloheximide and holding solution on vase life of cut 'Blue Magic' iris. The vase life of iris flowers held in 3% sucrose (S) + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ hydroxy quinoline sulfate (HQS) + $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $AgNO_3$ + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Benzylaminopurine (BA), 3% S + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS + $10{\mu}M$ cycloheximide (CHI), or 3% S + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS + $50{\mu}M$ CHI were much longer than those held in distilled water. Squeeze stem phenomenon that showed at a holding solution containing $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS disappeared at a holding solution containing $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS. The holding solution containing 3% S + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS + $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $AgNO_3$ + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA extended the most effective treatments on vase life, fresh weight, water balance, and flowering of cut iris flowers. However, the holding solution containing 3% S + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS + $10{\mu}M$ CHI and 3% S + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS + $50{\mu}M$ CHI was not effective in solution uptake or transpiration, but did result in high water balance. Iris flowers treated with CHI at the half-open flower stage showed increases in ornamental value, such as full flower opening and extended vase life. To improve flower quality and prolonging vase life of cut iris flowers, a holding solution containing $50{\mu}M$ CHI can be used continuously from the half-open stage.