• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.67-72
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• 2012

Novel Front End Module(FEM) with improved pedestrian protection is very important to reduce the severity of pedestrian injury. The FEM needs to have enough space from hood to absorb the energy from any pedestrian collision. In this study, the cooling performance of the FEM to cool the engine was investigated under 25% height reduction. The results indicated that the cooling performance analysis was about 86% level compared to that of the conventional FEM. Also, good qualitative agreement between CFD predictions and experimental measurements was found. This FEM needs the cooling performance enhancement for changed air flow path at the frontal part of vehicle. Therefore, we showed an improved performance using air guide setup and shape modification under the high load condition.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.16-23
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• 2011

휴대폰은 스마트화되면서 퍼스널 컴퓨터에 버금가는 성능으로 발전하고 있다. 또한 모바일 환경에서 높은 데이터 전송 속도 및 많은 사용자가 동시에 사용할 수 있는 시스템을 적용하고 있다. 차세대 이동통신서비스나 B4G(Beyond 4 Generation)에서는 다중밴드/다중 모드/다중경로 처리구조의 융합 단말기가 시장을 형성하게 되며, 갈수록 휴대폰의 RF Front-End는 복잡하게 된다. 또한 FEM(Front End Module)의 성능은 단말기 시스템의 품질(QoS, Quality of Services)을 좌우하는 핵심부품으로 High Data Rate를 위하여 고성능화가 요구되고 있다. 본고에서는 FEM의 발전 트랜드와 구성하는 블록도 및 주요 핵심부품의 특성과 모듈의 소형화 패키징 기술에 관하여 제시하였다. 또한 4G LTE와 Wimax듀얼밴드 Tx/Rx통합 FEM을 소개하였고, 향후에 구성되게 되는 Future FEM의 블록도를 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.863-868
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• 2003

최근 자동차 제조업체들은 치열한 국제경쟁시대에 생존하기 위하여 원가 절감 및 개발기간 단축, 품질 향상을 위하여 모듈화라는 새로운 자동차 생산 방식을 적용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 자동차 모듈화 부품의 한 종류인 Front End Module (FEM)을 대상으로 생산시스템 계획단계에서 대상 부품의 직서열 공급시스템 적용 가능성을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 기법을 적용하여 입증하고, 직서열 공급시스템 운영방안을 제시하여 물류비용을 절감하고자 한다. 연구 대상인 완성차업체의 의장라인과 모듈 업체의 조립라인 및 모듈 공급시스템을 모델링하여, FEM 공급시스템을 운영 방안별로 시뮬레이션을 통하여 직서열 공급시스템의 적용 가능성을 입증하고, 운반 차량의 적정 소요 대수 및 FEM 운반용 캐리어 대수를 제시한다.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.427-432
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• 2012

In this paper, we have designed and fabricated 7-bands (GSM 850/900, DCS/PCS, and UMTS 3 bands) LTCC front end module (FEM) embedded LPF (low pass filter) to efficiently eliminate harmonics generated in TX path. The proposed FEM is composed of flip-chip typed CMOS SP9T switch to select transceiver signals, dual type SAW filters to receive Rx signals, and 0603 size chip components for the antenna matching and ESD protection. The whole size of FEM is $4.5{\times}3.2{\times}1.2mm^3$. The insertion loss of Tx and Rx ports are measured at 1.7 dB and 4.8 dB, respectively.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

In this paper, the front end module (FEM) was proposed for 2.4GHz WLAN band by LTCC multilayer application. The FEM was composed of power amplifier IC, switch IC, and LTCC module. LTCC module consists of output matching circuit and lowpass filter as Tx part, bandpass filter as Rx part. Design of output matching circuit for LTCC was used matching parameter from output matching circuit based on lumped circuit on the PCB board. The dielectric constant of LTCC substrate is 9. The substrate was composed of total 26 layers with each 30um thickness. Ag paste was used for the internal pattern as the conductor material. The size of the module is $4.5mm{\times}3.2mm{\times}1.4mm$. The fabricated FEM showed the gain of 21dB, ACPR of less than -31dBc first side lobe and Less than -59dBc second side lobe and the output power of 23Bm at P1dB.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 2015

The first 77 GHz transceiver that applies a heterodyne structure-based linear frequency modulation-frequency shift keying (LFM-FSK) front-end module (FEM) is presented. An LFM-FSK waveform generator is proposed for the transceiver design to avoid ghost target detection in a multi-target environment. This FEM consists of three parts: a frequency synthesizer, a 77 GHz up/down converter, and a baseband block. The purpose of the FEM is to make an appropriate beat frequency, which will be the key to solving problems in the digital signal processor (DSP). This paper mainly focuses on the most challenging tasks, including generating and conveying the correct transmission waveform in the 77 GHz frequency band to the DSP. A synthesizer test confirmed that the developed module for the signal generator of the LFM-FSK can produce an adequate transmission signal. Additionally, a loop back test confirmed that the output frequency of this module works well. This development will contribute to future progress in integrating a radar module for multi-target detection. By using the LFM-FSK waveform method, this radar transceiver is expected to provide multi-target detection, in contrast to the existing method.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2020

Phased-array antennas comprise a demanding antenna design methodology for commercial wireless communication systems or military radar systems. In addition to these two important applications, the phased-array antennas can be used in beamforming for wireless charging. In this study, a four-way analog beamforming front-end module (FEM) for a hybrid beamforming system is developed for 2.4 GHz operation. In a hybrid beamforming scheme, an analog beamforming FEM in which the phase and amplitude of RF signal can be adjusted between the RF chain and phased-array antenna is required. With the beamforming and beam steering capability of the phased-array antennas, wireless RF power can be transmitted with high directivity to a designated receiver for wireless charging. The four-way analog beamforming FEM has a 32 dB gain dynamic range and a phase shifting range greater than 360°. The maximum output RF power of the four-way analog beamforming FEM is 40 dBm (=10 W) when combined the four individual RF paths are combined.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.958-966
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• 2012

This paper presents a compact bluetooth/WiFi dual-mode dual-band RF front-end module(FEM) is realized by low temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC) technology. The proposed RF front-end module consists of a diplexer, baluns in the LTCC substrate, and an SPDT switch, an SP3T switch on the LTCC substrate. In order to reduce the module size and increase integration level, the proposed diplexer and balun are designed using LC lumped elements. The parasitic elements caused by coupling effect between metal pattern layers and ground plane layer are considered during the design. The fabricated dual-mode RF front-end module has 13 pattern layers including three inner ground layers and it occupies less than $3.0mm{\times}3.7mm{\times}0.66mm$.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2019

In this work, a transmitter/receiver front-end module (T/R FEM) with an automatic Tx/Rx switching scheme for a 2.4 GHz microwave power transfer is developed for a retro-reflective beamforming scheme. Recently, research on wireless power transfer techniques has moved to wireless charging systems for mobile devices. Retro-reflective beamforming is a good candidate for tracking the spatial position of a mobile device to be charged. In Tx mode, the T/R FEM generates a minimum of 1 W. It also comprises an amplitude and phase monitoring port for transmitting RF power. In Rx mode, it passes an Rx pilot signal from a mobile device to a digital baseband subsystem to recognize the position of the mobile device. The insertion loss of the Rx signal path is 4.5 dB. The Tx and Rx modes are automatically switched by detecting the Tx input power. This T/R FEM is a design example of T/R FEMs for wireless charging systems based on a retro-reflective beamforming scheme.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2012

In this paper, we designed and analysed K-band front-end module for digital microwave communication system receiver which improvement of dynamic range. We also suggested method of minimum amplified input signal level used to minimize noise figure of low-noise amplifier for High dynamic range. The designed modules consist of active mixer with conversions gain and PL-DRO with high stability and quality factor. The designed modules performance is that has the characteristics of over 54dB conversion gain, 1.3dB noise figure.