• Composites Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 복합재의 등가 물성치를 예측하는 방법중 하나인 Mori-Tanaka의 평균장이론이 결합된 Eshelby 이론의 적용한계에 대해 유한요소해석을 통하여 강화재의 크기와 배치 측면에서 고찰하였다. 모델 복합재로 일정 체적비의 강화재를 포함하는 2차원 평판 복합재를 사용하였으며, 강화재의 크기를 변화시키고 또한 강화재를 규칙적 및 불규칙적으로 배치하였다. 이 복합재에 유한요소해석을 적용하여 수치적으로 복합재의 등가 물성치를 구하였으며, 수치해석결과를 Eshelby 이론으로 구한 등가 물성치와 비교하였다. Eshelby 이론으로 예측되는 복합재의 등가 물성치는 시편의 크기에 비해 강화재의 크기가 0.03이하가 되면 강화재의 배치와 관계없이 유한요소해석으로 구한 복합재의 평균 영계수와는 잘 일치하나, 평균 프와송비는 약 $20\%$의 차이를 보였다.

• Composites Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2010

섬유금속 적층판(FMLs)은 손상허용도를 향상시키고 무게를 줄이는데 적합하여 항공우주 응용의 신소재로 각광을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우선 섬유와 알루미늄을 이용하여 적층판을 제조하여 인장시험을 수행 후 FMLs의 기계적 물성을 평가하였다. 또한 알루미늄과 섬유적층의 변화를 주어 낙추충격시험기(Drop Weight Impact Tester)를 이용하여 저속충격하에서 낙추 높이를 조절하여 각 종류의 시험편 마다 충격시간에 따른 하중과 충격흡수에너지를 각각 비교하였다. 추가로 유한요소해석을 이용하여 시험조건과 동일 조건하 인장과 충격거동해석을 수행한 결과를 실험치와 비교하여 실험과 이론해석이 잘 일치함을 보였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 비틀림 하중을 받는 U형 강박스 거더의 뒤틀림 거동을 해석적으로 분석하여 거더 내부에 설치되는 수직브레이싱의 각 부재에 발생하는 부재력을 산정하는 수식이 개발되었다. 편심하중 또는 거더의 곡률에 의해 발생하는 비틀림하중을 박스단면내 상대적인 변형과는 무관한 순수 비틀림 성분력과 박스 단면내 뒤틀림을 유발하는 뒤틀림 성분력으로 분해하여 뒤틀림 성분력과 이에 저항하는 내부 수직브레이싱의 상호작용 효과를 분석함으로써 각 부재에 발생하는 부재력을 비틀림하중의 함수로 도출하였다. 제안식의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 편심하중을 받는 단경간 직선거더 및 전경간 일정한 곡률을 가지는 3경간 거더 예제를 선정하여 3차원 유한요소 모델링을 수행하고 해석을 통해 얻은 내부 수직브레이싱의 각 부재력을 제안식으로 산정된 값과 비교 분석하였다. 해석 및 제안식으로 결정된 각각의 부재력은 높은 수준으로 일치함을 보였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.48.1-48.13
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• 2018

Objectives: To analyze the influence of thickness and incisal extension of indirect veneers on the stress and strain generated in maxillary canine teeth. Materials and Methods: A 3-dimensional maxillary canine model was validated with an in vitro strain gauge and exported to computer-assisted engineering software. Materials were considered homogeneous, isotropic, and elastic. Each canine tooth was then subjected to a 0.3 and 0.8 mm reduction on the facial surface, in preparations with and without incisal covering, and restored with a lithium disilicate veneer. A 50 N load was applied at $45^{\circ}$ to the long axis of the tooth, on the incisal third of the palatal surface of the crown. Results: The results showed a mean of $218.16{\mu}strain$ of stress in the in vitro experiment, and $210.63{\mu}strain$ in finite element analysis (FEA). The stress concentration on prepared teeth was higher at the palatal root surface, with a mean value of 11.02 MPa and varying less than 3% between the preparation designs. The veneers concentrated higher stresses at the incisal third of the facial surface, with a mean of 3.88 MPa and a 40% increase in less-thick veneers. The incisal cover generated a new stress concentration area, with values over 48.18 MPa. Conclusions: The mathematical model for a maxillary canine tooth was validated using FEA. The thickness (0.3 or 0.8 mm) and the incisal covering showed no difference for the tooth structure. However, the incisal covering was harmful for the veneer, of which the greatest thickness was beneficial.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.625-642
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• 1993

Whether stress-absorbing elements are functional in an implant system has been an issue of interest in oral implantology. The unique feature of the IMZ implant system is the planned imitation of the stress-distributing function of the structural unit of the tooth, periodontium, and alveolar bone through the use of an intramobile element(IME). The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in the displacement and the stress distibutions of IMZ implant with a polyoxymethylene(POM) or a titanium IME under static load. Two dimensional finite element analysis(FEA) was applied for this study and two finite element models were created. PATRAN program(DPA Co.,USA), a software for FEA, and SUN-SPARC2GX(SUN Co., USA), a workstation computer, were used. $1Kg/mm^2$ of static load was loaded individually on each three point of crown of implant prosthesis ; central fossa(load 1), mesial cusp tip(load 2), distal cusp tip(load 3), The displacements of X- and Y-axis and total displacement were measured at mesial and distal cusp tips, mesial and distal points between crown and IME, and implant apex. The von Mises stress was measured at mesial and distal points between crown and IME, mesial and distal points between IME and TIE, mesial and distal alveolar crest, the mesial and distal midpoints of implant, and implant apex. The difference in resultant values were compared and evaluated statistically using paired t-test. The results were as follows : 1. Under the load 1, all the displacement of implant with titanium IME at 5 measuring points was larger than that of with POM IME except total and Y-axis displacement at implant apex. And the differences in stress distributions with POM and titanium were varied. 2. Under the load 2, all the displacement of implant with titanium IME at 5 measuring points was larger than that of with POM IME except X-axis displacement at distal cusp tip. And the differences in stress distributions were varied. 3. Under the load 3, all the displacement of implant with titanium IME at 5 measuring points was larger than that of with POM IME except Y-axis displacement at mesial cusp tip. And the differences in stress distributions were varied. 4. For the displacement, there was significant difference statistically only in total displacement (P<0.1), but was no significant difference in X- and Y-axis displacement(P>0.1). For the stress, there was no significant difference among the compared values.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

지금까지 콘크리트에 대한 피로실험과 연구는 대부분 압축응력, 휨응력을 받는 경우에 대하여 연구를 진행하였으나 실제 교량이나 도로 포장콘크리트 구조물은 이축응력상태의 조합응력을 받게 된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 콘크리트 구조체가 받게 되는 이축응력 상태를 이상적으로 재현할 수 있는 쪼갬인장 피로실험방법을 제안하고 적용성을 평가 하고자 하였다. 실험은 ${\phi}15{\times}30cm$를 사용한 KS 규정을 응용하여 ${\phi}15{\times}7.5cm$의 시편을 제작하고, 쪼갬인장 피로실험에 적용하기 위한 타당성 검증을 수행하였으며, 이상적 탄성재료인 강재와 고체의 비교를 위하여 모르타르 시편을 제작하여 검증실험을 수행하였다. 또한, 이론적 고찰과 유한요소 해석을 수행하여 이론치와 해석치의 비교 고찰하였으며 정적 강도측정 및 게이지 부착실험을 수행하여 타당성을 입증하고자 하였다. 실험결과, FEA결과, 수평응력과 압축응력의 비는 3.1로 나타나 이론치 3.0과 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 수평응력은 시편의 길이가 30cm일 경우 이론상 3MPa이지만, 본 연구에서는 시편의 길이가 30cm와 5cm일 때 각각 2.98MPa와 2.96MPa로 나타났다. 쪼갬인장 피로실험방법은 유한요소 해석, 정적 강도측정 및 게이지 부착실험모두에서 충분한 타당성을 나타내었으며, 이 방법은 실제 응력 모사, 실험의 간편성, 현장 시편 이용 가능성 등 많은 장점을 가지고 있는 것으로 판단되어 향후 교량이나 도로포장 구조물에 사용되는 콘크리트의 피로거동을 모사하는데 적합한 실험방법으로 사료된다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2015

Ultrasonic machining (USM) has been considered a new, cutting-edge technology that presents no heating or electrochemical effects, with low surface damage and small residual stresses on brittle workpieces. However, nowadays, many researchers are paying careful attention to the disadvantages of USM, such as low productivity and tool wear. On the other hand, in this study, a high-performance rotary ultrasonic drilling (RUD) spindle is designed and assembled. In this system, the core technology is the design of an ultrasonic vibration horn for the spindle using finite element analysis (FEA). The maximum spindle speed of RUM is 9,600 rpm, and the highest harmonic displacement is $5.4{\mu}m$ noted at the frequency of 40 kHz. Through various drilling experiments on glass workpieces using a CVD diamond-coated drill, the cutting force and cracking of the hole entrance and exit side in the glass have been greatly reduced by this system.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2011

Interest in advanced machining process such as AJM(abrasive jet machining) and CMP(chemical-mechanical polishing) using micro/nano-sized abrasives has been on the increasing demand due to wide use of super alloys, composites, semiconductor and ceramics, which are difficult to or cannot be processed by traditional machining methods. In this paper, the effects of pressure, wafer moving velocity and fluid viscosity were investigated by 2-dimensional finite element analysis method considering slurry fluid flow. From the investigation, it could be found that the simulation results quite corresponded well to the Preston's equation that describes pressure/velocity dependency on material removal. The result also revealed that the stress and corresponding material removal induced by the collision of particle may decrease under relatively high wafer moving speed due to the slurry flow resistance. In addition, the increase in slurry fluid viscosity causes the reduction of material removal rate. It should be noted that the viscosity effect can vary with the shape of abrasive particle.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2019

PURPOSE. Zirconia materials have been used for implant-retained restorations, but the stress distribution of zirconia is not entirely clear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the stress distribution and risky areas caused by the different design of zirconia restorations on the atrophic bone of the posterior maxilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS. An edentulous D4-type bone model was prepared from radiography of an atrophic posterior maxilla. Monolithic zirconia and zirconia-fused porcelain implant-retained restorations were designed as splinted or non-splinted. 300-N occlusal forces were applied obliquely. Stress analyses were performed using a 3D FEA program. RESULTS. According to stress analysis, the bone between the 1) molar implant and the 2) premolar in the non-splinted monolithic zirconia restoration model was stated as the riskiest area. Similarly, the maximum von Mises stress value was detected on the bone of the non-splinted monolithic zirconia models. CONCLUSION. Splinting of implant-retained restorations can be more critical for monolithic zirconia than zirconia fused to porcelain for the longevity of the bone.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess the loading distributing characteristics of implant prosthesis of internal connection system(ITI system) according to position and direction of load, under vertical and inclined loading using finite element analysis (FEA). The finite element model of a synOcta implant and a solid abutment with $8^{\circ}$ internal conical joint used by the ITI implant was constructed. The gold crown for mandibular first molar was made on solid abutment. Each three-dimensional finite element model was created with the physical properties of the implant and surrounding bone. This study simulated loads of 200N at the central fossa in a vertical direction (loading condition A), 200N at the outside point of the central fossa with resin filling into screw hole in a vertical direction (loading condition B), 200N at the centric cusp in a $15^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction (loading condition C), 200N at the in a $30^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction (loading condition D) or 200N at the centric cusp in a $30^{\circ}$ outward oblique direction (loading condition E) individually. Von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixture, and abutment. The following results have been made based on this study: 1. Stresses were concentrated mainly at the ridge crest around implant under both vertical and oblique loading but stresses in the cancellous bone were low under both vertical and oblique loading. 2. Bending moments resulting from non-axial loading of dental implants caused stress concentrations on cortical bone. The magnitude of the stress was greater with the oblique loading than with the vertical loading. 3. An offset of the vertical occlusal force in the buccolingual direction relative to the implant axis gave rise to increased bending of the implant. So, the relative positions of the resultant line of force from occlusal contact and the center of rotation seems to be more important. 4. In this internal conical joint, vertical and oblique loads were resisted mainly by the implant-abutment joint at the screw level and by the implant collar. Conclusively, It seems to be more important that how long the distance is from center of rotation of the implant itself to the resultant line of force from occlusal contact (leverage). In a morse taper implant, vertical and oblique loads are resisted mainly by the implant-abutment joint at the screw level and by the implant collar. This type of implant-abutment connection can also distribute forces deeper within the implant and shield the retention screw from excessive loading. Lateral forces are transmitted directly to the walls of the implant and the implant abutment mating bevels, providing greater resistance to interface opening.