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Immune-Enhancing Effect of Nanometric Lactobacillus plantarum nF1 (nLp-nF1) in a Mouse Model of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression

  • Choi, Dae-Woon;Jung, Sun Young;Kang, Jisu;Nam, Young-Do;Lim, Seong-Il;Kim, Ki Tae;Shin, Hee Soon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.218-226
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    • 2018
  • Nanometric Lactobacillus plantarum nF1 (nLp-nF1) is a biogenics consisting of dead L. plantarum cells pretreated with heat and a nanodispersion process. In this study, we investigated the immune-enhancing effects of nLp-nF1 in vivo and in vitro. To evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of nLp-nF1, mice immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide (CPP) treatment were administered with nLp-nF1. As expected, CPP restricted the immune response of mice, whereas oral administration of nLp-nF1 significantly increased the total IgG in the serum, and cytokine production (interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$)) in bone marrow cells. Furthermore, nLp-nF1 enhanced the production of splenic cytokines such as IL-12, TNF-${\alpha}$, and interferon gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$). In vitro, nLp-nF1 stimulated the immune response by enhancing the production of cytokines such as IL-12, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$. Moreover, nLp-nF1 given a food additive enhanced the immune responses when combined with various food materials in vitro. These results suggest that nLp-nF1 could be used to strengthen the immune system and recover normal immunity in people with a weak immune system, such as children, the elderly, and patients.

Transferrin-Conjugated Liposome/IL-12 pDNA Complexes for Cancer Gene Therapy in Mice

  • Joo, Soo-Yeon;Kim, Jin-Seok;Park, Heon-Joo;Choi, Eun-Kyung
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.293-296
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    • 2005
  • Transferrin ($T_{f}$) has been used as a targeting ligand for delivering liposome/interleukin-12 (IL-12) pDNA complexes to cancer cells mostly due to the greater number of transferrin receptors ($T_{f}R$) found on tumor cells than on normal cells. $T_{f}$ was conjugated to liposomes via the reaction of MPB-PE with thiol groups of $T_{f}$ introduced by a heterobifunctional cross-linking agent, N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP). Four days after C26 inoculation when the tumor volume reached ${\sim}100mm^{3}$, tumor-bearing Balb/c mice were injected intravenously with $T_{f}-liposome/IL-12 pDNA$complexes twice a week for 3 weeks. Significant suppression of tumor growth was achieved in the group treated with the $T_{f}-liposome/IL-12 pDNA$ complexes, with a dose of $10{\mu}g$ of IL-12 pDNA showing the highest suppression effect among the tested doses. Similar results were obtained when the therapy was initiated one day after tumor inoculation, although in this case $30{\mu}g$ IL-12 pDNA/$T_{f}-liposome$ complexes showed a significant suppression of tumor growth between 19 and 23 days after tumor inoculation. This result indicates that the transferrin receptor-targeted liposomal system is an efficient delivery agent of therapeutic genes, such as IL-12, in mice and that its potential clinical use warrants further research investigation.

Fumonisin B1 Induces Apoptosis in Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Lyase-null F9 Cells through Increase of Sphingolipids Levels

  • Pak, Seon-Mi;Park, Nam-Young;Park, Myung-Yong;Kim, Wan-Jong;Lee, Jong-Hwa;Oh, Sei-Kwan;Yoo, Hwan-Soo;Lee, Yong-Moon
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.95-99
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    • 2008
  • Apoptosis is essential for a variety of pathophysiological progress. Apoptosis induction by various agents changes cellular morphology, DNA content and lipid membrane composition. Recently, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is avidly released from not only platelets and erythrocytes but vascular endothelium. Here we established S1P releasing cells by deleting S1P lyase (F9-12 cells). We observed apoptosis induction by the treatment of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in F9-12 cells but not in F9 wild-type cells. We measured high amounts of accumulated S1P and dihydroS1P (DHS1P) in FB1-induced apoptotic F9-12 cells. We also showed DHS1P release in an early stage of the apoptosis induction by FB1 but not by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced apoptosis, suggesting differential apoptotic processes.

Quantitative Analysis of Protein Amino Acid in Agaricus Bisporus by GLC (GLC에 의한 버섯의 Amino Acid 정량(定量))

  • Jung, Jai-Kie;Chung, Jai-Young;La, Sang-Moo
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.12-20
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    • 1974
  • Quantitative analysis was achieved by gas-liquid chromatographic method (GLC) with a single column system of OV-17 for 16 of protein amino acids in mushroom (agaricus bisporus). The quantities of protein amino acids in mushroom were determined $48.32{\sim}255.94mg%$ alanine, $108.6F{\sim}364.82mg%$ glycine, $124.30{\sim}314.17mg%$ Valine, $32.99{\sim}418.79mg%$ leucine and isoleucine, $151.78{\sim}669.07mg%$ threonine, $88.12{\sim}4F6.3Fmg%$ Serine, $21.9F{\sim}114.94mg%$ Hydroxyproline, $20.F4{\sim}174.63mg%$ proline, $34.52{\sim}173.59mg%$ Methionine, $225.25{\sim}1417.61mg%$ Aspartic Acid, $10F.00{\sim}392.17mg%$ Phenylalanine, $12F.46{\sim}535.65mg%$ Glutamic Acid and Lysine, Tyrosine in trace amount.

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Effect of BaF2 as a Flux in Solid State Synthesis of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (고상법을 이용한 Y3Al5O12:Ce3+의 제조에서 BaF2가 미치는 영향)

  • Won, Hyung-Seok;Hayk, Nersisyan;Won, Chang-Whan;Won, Hyung-Il
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.21 no.11
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    • pp.604-610
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    • 2011
  • The effect of $BaF_2$ flux in $Y_3Al_5O_{12}:Ce^{3+}$(YAG:Ce) formation was investigated. Phase transformation of $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$(YAG) was characterized by using XRD, SEM, and TEM-EDS, and it was revealed that the sequential formation of the $Y_4Al_2O_9$(YAM), $YAlO_3$(YAP) and $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$(YAG) in the temperature range of 1000-1500$^{\circ}C$. Single phase of YAG was revealed from 1300$^{\circ}C$. In order to find out the effect of $BaF_2$ flux, three modeling experiments between starting materials (1.5$Al_2O_3$-2.5$Y_2O_3$, $Y_2O_3$-$BaF_2$, and $Al_2O_3$-$BaF_2$) were done. These modeling experiments showed that the nucleation process occurs via the dissolution-precipitation mechanism, whereas the grain growth process is controlled via the liquid-phase diffusion route. YAG:Ce phosphor particles prepared using a proposed technique exhibit a spherical shape, high crystallinity, and an emission intensity. According to the experimental results conducted in this investigation, 5% of $BaF_2$ was the best concentration for physical, chemical and optical properties of $Y_3Al_5O_{12}:Ce^{3+}$(YAG:Ce) that is approximately 10-15% greater than that of commercial phosphor powder.

Rheological Characteristics and Molecular Weight of Ammonium-Sulfate Fractions of Tara Gum (염석법에 의한 타라검 분획들의 분자량 및 리올로지 특성)

  • Kim, Kyeong-Yee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.293-298
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    • 2015
  • This study aimed at characterizing the rheological properties and molecular weight of tara gum fractionated with ammonium sulfate. Tara gum was separated into six fractions (F1-F6) at different concentrations of ammonium sulfate, ranging from 12.21 to 28.67% (w/w). The yield of the tara gum fractions ranged between 4.98 and 17.47%, and their intrinsic viscosity ranged from 9.38 to 12.44 dL/g. The highest values of Huggins coefficient (k') and viscosity-molecular mass were observed in fraction F3. The shear viscosity of the tara gum fractions was measured by a cone-plate viscometer, clearly showing shear thinning behavior. Size-exclusion chromatography results showed that the molecular weight ranged between 635.42 and 776.71 kg/mol, and the F3 fraction exhibited higher values of molecular weight.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Strontium Iron Fluoride Hydrated, Sr2Fe2F10(H2O)

  • Kim, Sun Woo
    • Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.101-104
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    • 2019
  • A hydrated strontium iron fluoride, Sr2Fe2F10(H2O) has been synthesized and characterized. The material was synthesized through mild hydrothermal reaction using an aqueous CF3COOH solution. The material exhibits a one-dimensional structure consisting of chains of corner-shared Fe3+F6 octahedra, isolated Fe3+F5(H2O) octahedra, chains of SrF10 polyhedra and isolated SrF8 polyhedra, respectively. Magnetic property measurements on Sr2Fe2F10(H2O) reveals an antiferromagnetic order at TN of ~2.5 K with a Weiss temperature (θ) of -61.51 K.

Wilt of Perilla Caused by Fusarium spp.

  • Kim, Woo-Sik;Kim, Wan-Gyu;Cho, Weon-Dae;Yu, Seung-Hun
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.293-299
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    • 2002
  • A survey of Fusarium wilt of perilla was conducted in 12 locations in Korea from 1999 to 2001. The disease occurred in 74 out of 187 fields in the 12 locations surveyed, and incidence of the disease reached up to 30% at its maximum in some perilla fields in Seosan and Dangjin. Incidence of the disease in the other locations ranged from 0.2 to 20%. A total of 327 isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from stems and roots of the diseased perilla plants. The isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Out of the 327 isolates of Fusarium, 277 isolates from 12 locations were identified as F. oxysporum, 11 isolates from three locations as F. solani,17 isolates from two locations as F. equiseti, 4 isolates from one location as F. avenaceum and 6 isolates from one location as F. subglutinans. The other 12 isolates of Fusarium from four locations were unidentified. Twelve isolates of F. oxysporum and two isolates each of the other Fusarium spp. were tested for their pathogenicity to five cultivars of perilla. Seven isolates of F. oxysporum were strongly pathogenic to some perilla cultivars, but the other five isolates were weakly or not pathogenic. One isolate of F. solani was strongly pathogenic to all the perilla cultivars tested, but another isolate was not pathogenic. All the isolates of F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, and F. Subglutinans tested were not pathogenic to any of the perilla cultivars tested. Symptoms on the perilla plants induced by artificial inoculation with strongly pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani appeared as wilt, stem blight, and root yet, which were similar to those observed in the fields. The isolates which induced symptoms by artificial inoculation were re-isolated from the lesions of the perilla plants inoculated. All the isolates of F. oxysporum tested were not pathogenic to eight other crops inoculated. Results of this study reveal that F. oxysporum is the main pathogen of perilla wilt and that it is host specific to perilla. forma specialis of F. oxysporum causing wilt of perilla is proposed as perillae.

Smooth Tests for Seasonality (평활 계절성 검정)

  • Lee, Geung-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.45-59
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    • 2011
  • When using X-12-ARIMA for seasonal adjustment, we usually check whether the series has stable seasonality or not via D8 F-tests, Kruskal-Wallis test, and the spectral diagnostics. In this paper, we develop several smooth tests for seasonality based on a Fourier series to improve the spectral diagnostics of X-12-ARIMA. A simulation study is conducted to compare five smooth tests for seasonality and X-12-ARIMA's D8 F-test an Kruskal-Wallis test. The simulation study shows that smooth tests for seasonality performed well compared with D8 F-tests and a Kruskal-Wallis test.