• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.907-911
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• 2016

This paper provides the compressive failure strength value of composite laminate developed by using regression analysis method. Composite material in this document is a Carbon/Epoxy unidirection(UD) tape prepreg(Cycom G40-800/5276-1) cured at $350^{\circ}F(177^{\circ}C$). The operating temperature is -$-60^{\circ}F{\sim}+200^{\circ}F$($-55^{\circ}C{\sim}+95^{\circ}C$). A total of 56 compression tests were conducted on specimens from eight (8) distinct laminates that were laid up by standard angle layers ($0^{\circ}$, $+45^{\circ}$, $-45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$). The ASTM-D-6484 standard was used for test method. The regression analysis was performed with the response variable being the laminate ultimate fracture strength and the regressor variables being two ply orientations ($0^{\circ}$ and ${\pm}45^{\circ}$).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.774-786
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure home health resource utilization using a Case-Mix Adjustor Model developed in the U.S. Method: The subjects of this study were 484 patients who had received home health care more than 4 visits during a 60-day episode at 31 home health care institutions. Data on the 484 patients had to be merged onto a. 60-day payment segment. Based on the results, the researcher classified home health resource groups (HHRG). Result: The subjects were classified into 34 HHRGs in Korea. Home health resource utilization according to clinical severity was in order of Minimum (C0) < 'Low (Cl) < 'Moderate (C2) < 'High (C3), according to dependency in daily activities was in order of Minimum (F0) < 'High (F3) < 'Medium (F2) < 'Low (Fl) < 'Maximum (F4). Resource utilization by HHRGs was the highest 564,735 won in group C0F0S2 (clinical severity minimum, dependency in daily activity minimum, service utilization moderate), and the lowest 97,000 won in group C2F3S1, so the former was 5.82 times higher than the latter. Conclusion: Resource utilization in home health care has become an issue of concern due to rising costs for home health care. The results suggest the need for more analytical attention on the utilization and expenditures for home care using a Case-Mix Adjustor Model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2014

Maturity and spawning of the giant Pacific octopus, Octopus dofleini was investigated based on the samples collected in the coast of Gangwondo, East Sea, from January to December in 2009. Individuals of mature stage had a higher occurrence rate from February to May, and gonadosomatic index (GSI) also showed a higher value from February to May than the other months. For that reason, the spawning period was estimated from February to May with the main spawning period from March to May. The total number of eggs in the fecundity (F) ranged from 9,045 in 11.0 kg (TW) to 148,682 in 16.5 kg (TW), which was proportional to total weight (TW), and the relationship between total weight and fecundity was $F=0.185{\times}TW^{2.238}$ ($R^2=0.389$). The total weight at 50% group maturity (TW0.5) of female was estimated to be 12.2 kg.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.409-422
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• 2022

Two dominant thrips in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivating in greenhouses are Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa in Korea. This study investigated their overwintering physiology. These two thrips were freeze-susceptible and suppressed the body freezing temperature by lowering supercooling point (SCP) down to -15~-27℃. However, these SCPs varied among species and developmental stages. SCPs of F. occidentalis were -25.7±0.5℃ for adults, -17.2±0.3℃ for pupae, and -15.0±0.4℃ for larvae. SCPs of F. intonsa were -24.0±1.0℃ for adults, -27.0±0.5℃ for pupae, -17.2±0.8℃ for larvae. Cold injuries of both species occurred at low temperature treatments above SCPs. Thrips mortality increased as the treatment temperature decreased and its exposure period increased. F. occidentalis exhibited higher cold tolerance than F. intonsa. In both species, adults were more cold-tolerant than larvae. Two thrips species exhibited a rapid cold hardening because a pre-exposure to 0℃ for 2 h significantly enhanced the cold tolerance to a lethal cold temperature treatment at -10℃ for 2 h. In addition, a sequential exposure of the thrips to decreasing temperatures made them to be acclimated to low temperatures. To investigate the overwintering sites of the two species, winter monitoring of the thrips was performed at the greenhouses. During winter season (November~February), adults of the two species were not captured in outside of the greenhouses. However, F. occidentalis adults were captured to the traps and observed in weeds within the greenhouses. F. occidentalis adults were also emerged from soil samples obtained from the greenhouses during the winter season. F. intonsa adults did not come out from the soil samples at November and December, but emerged from the soil samples obtained after January. To determine the adult emergence due to diapause development, two thrips species were reared under different photoperiods. Adult development occurred in all photoperiod treatments in F. occidentalis, but did not in F. intonsa especially under short periods. Tomato spotted wilt virus, which is transmitted by these two species, was detected in the weeds infested by the thrips during the winter season. These results suggest that F. occidentalis develops on weeds in the greenhouses while F. intonsa undergoes a diapause in the soil during winter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.448-453
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• 2015

This study was performed to estimate biomass and to provide management plan through population ecological characteristics, including survival rate, instantaneous coefficient of natural and fishing mortalities, and age at first capture of Flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus, in the coastal waters of Yeosu. Survival rate (S) of the flathead grey mullet was 3.671. The instantaneous coefficients of natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) was estimated to be 0.325/year, 0.962/year for flathead grey mullet. Also fist capure age of flathead grey mullet was 3.61year. The current biomass of the flathead grey mullet in the study area was estimated to be 19.6 M/T and $F_{0.1}$ and $F_{40%}$ were estimated 0.340/year, 0.225/year. For the stock assessment result, flathead grey mullet was not overfished but overfishing.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.348-354
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• 2020

Oryeong-san (ORS) is a traditional Korean herbal medicine widely used for renal associated diseases, composed of five medicine herbs; Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi, Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Polyporus umbellatus Fries, Poria cocos Wolf and Alisma orientale Juzepzuk. We studied to improve the convenience of intake and portability by developing modernized dosage forms, and examined the effect on anti-inflammation of ORS. In order to develop the tablet formulation of ORS (ORS-F), the tablets were evaluated on the basis of physical characteristics include diameter, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability and disintegration. To analyze the marker components of ORS-F, eight index markers from five herbal medicines were chosen. And the method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detector method was established for the simultaneous analysis. The biological activities were examined the effect of ORS-F on pro-inflammation mediated by LPS-stimulation. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines were determined by reacting cultured medium with griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were investigated by Western blot and RT-PCR. The anti-oxidant activities of OJS-F increased markedly, in a dose-dependent manner. and, The total phenolic compound and flavonoids contents of OJS-F were 10.20±0.09 ㎍/㎎ and 12.86±0.86 ㎍/㎎. OJS-F which is LPS has diminished in the LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators (NO, iNOS, COX2 and PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) from the RAW264.7 macrophages. Therefore, the developed formulation for tablet of ORS-F provide efficiency and usability, and indicated effect of anti-inflammation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2004

Development of 3,700 folds resistance to etoxazole was found in the population of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, collected from rose greenhouses in Buyo, Chungnam Provience in August 2000. This population was selected for 3yr with etoxazole to get 5,000,000 folds increase in resistance as compared to susceptible (S) strain. The etoxazole resistance was stablized for 16 months under the condition of no acaricide application. Inheritance and cross resistance in etoxazole to some acaricides of the etoxazole resistance strain (R) were investigated. There were differences of susceptibility in the etoxazole concentration-mortality relationships between $F_1$, $F_2$ progenies obtained from reciprocal cross with the S and R strains (R$_{♂}$${\times}$S$_{♂}$${\times}$R$_{♂}$). Degrees of dominance were 0.98 and 0.98 in $F_1$ and $F_2$ progenies of R$_{♂}$${\times}$S$_{♂}$, and -0.97 and -0.68 in $F_1$ and $F_2$ progenies of S$_{♀}$${\times}$R$_{♂}$ respectively. Inheritance in $F_1$ and $F_2$ progenies of R$_{♀}$${\times}$S$_{♂}$ were complete dominant. However $F_1$ and $F_2$ progenies of S$_{♀}$${\times}$R$_{♂}$ were incomplete recessive. These results suggest that inheritance of etoxazole resistance is controlled by a complete dominance. The R strain exhibited cross resistance to acequinocyl and emamectin benzoates in adult females, and milbemectin, amitraz and pyridaben in eggs. However they showed negatively correlated cross-resistance to bifenazate, a carbazate acaricide. These results may indicate bifenazate could be useful for the control of etoxazole resistant T. urticae population.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.292-300
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate weight control behavior and obesity stress of college women. The data were collected from September 7 to September 13 of 2013 and the subjects were 213 college women in C city of Gyoung-nam Province. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 program using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test. The score of obesity stress was moderate($18.26{\pm}5.66$). The level of obesity stress was affected by various general characteristics and weight control behavior characteristics including economic status(F=3.99, p=0.020), figure recognition(F=14.41, p<.001), satisfaction of body figure(F=15.88, p<.001), interest of weight control(F=4.82, p=.001), control of food amount(F=2.41, p=.050), body figure compulsion(F=24.06, p<.001), experience of dieting (F=6.04, p<.001), sleeping hours(t=2.10, p=.036), desired losing weight (F=10.47, p<.001). Therefore, it is necessary to be considered these variables during development of body weight control programs for college women.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.287-291
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• 1996

[ $F_2$ ] generation of gynogenetic diploids were produced in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, by brother-sister mating with full-sibling gynogenetic diploids ($F_1$). The induced ovulations and spawnings were conducted by using intraperitoneal injections of HCG (2,000 IU/kg body weight) with photoperiod controls. Floating rates of artificially ovulated eggs were ranged from 22.9 to $65.7\%$. Fertilization and hatching rates were ranged from 69.0 to $86.2\%$ and 36.8 to $85.8\%$, respectively. All of those three rates between two experimental groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Average survival rates of $F_2$ generation of 40-day-old 효nogenetic diploid larvae were slightly lower than those of controls (P<0.05), however growth rates were much higher than those of their diploid controls.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.77-87
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• 2019

The study aimed to develop Speech Range Profile (SRP) and to examine and validate its clinical application. Forty-five participants without voice disorders aged 18-29 years were compared using SRP and Voice Range Profile (VRP). The authors developed the "Fire!" paragraph as a SRP task compromising 14 sentences including all Korean spoken phonemes and sentence types. To compare SRP and VRP results, the participants read the paragraph (reading) and counted from 21 to 30 (counting) as a part of SRP tasks, and produced a vowel /a/ from low to high frequencies (gliding) and a shortened form of the VRP as a part of VRP tasks. $F0_{max}$, $F0_{min}$, $F0_{range}$, $I_{max}$, $I_{min}$, and $I_{range}$ for each task were measured and compared, showing that $F0_{max}$, $F0_{min}$, $F0_{range}$, $I_{max}$, and $I_{range}$ were not different between reading and gliding. $I_{min}$, had the lowest value in counting. It is concluded that the newly developed SRP task, reading the "Fire" paragraph, can yield a maximum phonation range similar to that found by VRP. Therefore, it is expected that voice evaluation can be effectively performed in a relatively short time by applying SRP with the "Fire" paragraph, a functional utterance task, in place of VRP, which may be difficult to measure long term or in cases of severe voice disorders.