• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

Purpose : To prospectively evaluate the use of positron emission tomography with the glucose analog fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG-PET) to deoxyglucose (FDG-PET) to predict disease-free survival (DFS) after concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with non-disseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods : We studied 41 patients with non-disseminated NPC scheduled to undergo platinum-based CCRT were eligible for this study. Patients were studied by FDG-PET prior to the CCRT. FDG uptake of tumors were measured with the maximal standardized uptake value (SUV). Results : Complete response rate was $100\%$. In ten patients who presented with any component of treatment failure, the median $SUV_{max}$ was 8.55 (range: $2.49\~14.81$) in any component of failure and the median $SUV_{max}$ was 5.48 (range: $2.31\~26.07$) In the remaining patients without any such failure. Patients having tumors with high FDG uptake had a significantly lower 3-year DFS ($51\%\;{\nu}91\%$, p=0.0070) compared with patients having low uptake tumors. Conclusion : FDG uptake, as measured by the SUV, has potential value in predicting DFS in NPC treated by CCRT, High FDG uptake may be a useful parameter for Identifying patients requiring more aggressive treatment approaches.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2000

Carapace width (CW) of main size class of the snow crab was 70~90 mm for females and 80~100 mm for males. The CW holds a stronger relation with body weight than that of carapace length (CL). The number of eggs attached to the pleopods was in the range of 35,000 and 114,000 eggs in crabs with 65 and 88 mm CW, respectively). The logistic maturity curve on morphometric measurements and gonad examination, defined by the presence of egg brooding in wide abdomen of the female and spermatophores inside the vasa deferentia of the male indicated that 50 % of crabs attained gonadal maturity at 54.2 mm and 58.8 mm CW for females and males, respectively. In the relationship between CW and body weight, a sharp break at 53~55 mm CW indicates that morphological changes associated with maturity have occurred.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.345-353
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• 2000

This study was to investigate normal salivary flow rates and normal indices of Quantitative analysis of salivary scintigraphy. 96 adult volunteers were studied by Questionnaire evaluating salivary conditions and clinical examinations. 35(male 23, female 12, age range 23-31years) that absented subjective and objective symptoms related saliva were classified as normal group. The normal group underwent measurement unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates and salivary scintigraphy. The obtained results were as follows: 1. There were not significant in sex differences of unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates. The unstimulated salivary flow rate was $0.66{\pm}0.41g/min$, stimulated salivary flow rates was $1.61{\pm}0.69g/min$. 2. As comparing of parameters of salivary scintigraphy, the Uptake ratio(UR), $T_{max}$, $T_{min}$, Maximum accumulation (MA), Maximum secretion(MS) of parotid and submandibular glands were not significant in sex and side-ralated differences. 3. The UR, $T_{max}$, MA, MS of parotid gland were significantly higher than those of submandibular gland; in the parotid gland, UR, $3.67{\pm}0.88$, $T_{max}$, $18.77{\pm}0.43min$, MA, $41.35{\pm}9.22%$, MS, $43.13{\pm}9.13%$; in the submandibular gland, UR, $3.04{\pm}0.10$, $T_{max}$, $18.48{\pm}0.52min$, MA, $36.47{\pm}14.18%$, MS, $36.88{\pm}12.20%$. 4. As classifying of time-activity curve, the most of parotid gland was N-type(97.1%), submandibular gland was observed in order of M-type(67.1%), N-type(21.4%), F-type(11.4%), however, was not observed S-type. 5. As the type of time-activity curve of submandibular gland was more flattened, the UR, $T_{max}$, MA, MS were significantly decresed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the feasibility of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) as a predictive factor for prognosis in early stage primary lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven T1-3N0M0 primary lung cancer patients treated with curative SBRT between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Four patients (14.8%) treated with SBRT to address residual tumor after wedge resection and one patient (3.7%) with local recurrence after resection were included. The SUVmax at baseline PET/CT was assessed to determine its relationship with prognosis after SBRT. Patients were divided into two groups based on maximum SUVmax on pre-treatment FDG PET/CT, estimated by receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The median follow-up period was 17.7 months (range, 2.3 to 60.0 months). The actuarial 2-year local control, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival were 80.4%, 66.0%, and 78.2%, respectively. With regard to failure patterns, 5 patients exhibited local failure (in-field failure, 18.5%), 1 (3.7%) experienced regional nodal relapse, and other 2 (7.4%) developed distant failure. SUVmax was significantly correlated with progression (p = 0.08, optimal cut-off point SUVmax > 5.1). PFS was significantly influenced by pretreatment SUVmax (SUVmax > 5.1 vs. SUVmax ≤ 5.1; p = 0.012) and T stage (T1 vs. T2-3; p = 0.012). Conclusion: SUVmax at pre-treatment FDG PET/CT demonstrated a predictive value for PFS after SBRT for lung cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.250-262
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• 2022

Purpose: Elevated iodine intake is related to a higher prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). We investigated the short-term effect of dietary iodine restriction on thyroid function in patients with SCH with high iodine intakes. Methods: The iodine levels in 64 SCH patients with serum TSH levels from 4.0 to 10.0 mIU/L and normal serum fT4 levels (n = 64) were assessed using 24-hour urine iodine test results and iodine intake levels calculated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary iodine restriction was not recommended for patients with an iodine intake in the normal range (group A, n = 13), but seaweed restriction was recommended for patients with high iodine intakes (group B, n = 33). Thyroid functions and iodine levels were rechecked after three months. Another eighteen patients were prescribed thyroid hormone replacement therapy according to clinical criteria. Results: Median baseline iodine intake for the 64 patients was 290.61 ㎍/day, and median 24-hour urine iodine was 33.65 µmol/g of creatinine. The major source of dietary iodine was seaweed, which accounted for 72.2% of median baseline intake. Urine iodine and calculated iodine intake levels were positively correlated with serum TSH levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively), and calculated iodine intakes were significantly correlated with urine iodine levels (p = 0.001). In group B, iodine restriction significantly decreased urine iodine (p = 0.042) and TSH levels (p = 0.004), and conversion to euthyroid status was achieved in 16 of the 33 patients (48.5%). Conclusion: Iodine intake and urine iodine levels are correlated with thyroid function in SCH patients, and dietary iodine restriction can aid functional thyroid recovery in patients with elevated iodine intakes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2009

The recombinant DNAs, pGBF, pGTF, and pZ4F, using soybean ferritin gene have constructed with the promoters derived from seed proteins, glutelin, globulin, and zein. The recombinant ferritin genes were transformed into rice plant by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Iron contents and agronomic traits have been evaluated in the transgenic progenies. The embryogenic calli survived from second selection medium were regenerated at the rates of 19.2% with pGBF, 15.0% with pGTF, and 18.4% with pZ4F in Donganbyeo and 6.7% with pGBF, 11.7% with pGTF, and 3.4% with pZ4F in Hwashinbyeo. The introduction of ferritin gene in putative transgenic rice plants was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis and also the expression of ferritin gene was identified by Northern blot and Western blot analysis. The iron accumulation in transgenic rice grains of the transgenic rice plant, T1-2, with zein promoter and ferritin gene contained 171.4 ppm showing 6.4 times higher than 26.7 ppm of Hwashinbyeo seed as wild type rice, but the transgenic plants with globulin and glutelin showed a bit higher iron contents with a range from 2.1 to 3.0 times compare to wild type grain. The growth responses of transgenic plants showed the large variances in plant height and number of tillers. However, there were some transgenic plants having similar phenotype to wild type plants. In the T1 generation of transgenic plants, plant height, culm length, panicle length, and number of tillers were similar to those of wild type plants, but ripened grain ratio ranged from 53.3% to 82.2% with relatively high variation. The transgenic rice plants would be useful for developing rice varieties with high iron content in rice grains.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.439-452
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• 1997

Mothers of handicapped children experience many problems and difficulties related to the child's prolonged dependency and demands for special care. Social support can be identified as stress-relieving factor, social support is considered to decrease the amount of negativeness in an individual or family. This study attempted to identify the level of burden and social support in mothers of children who are handicapped, and to determine whether social support is an effective strategy for burden relief in these mothers. The method used in the study was a correlational descriptive survey using a questionnaire. The subjects for the study were 42 mothers who have the handicapped children, between two to twelve years of age, being treated at S General Welfare House for Handicapped and S Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. The data were collected during 1 month from March 20 to April 20, 1996. The instruments used for this study was a structured questionnaire which was the Burden scale developed by Suh Mihae and Oh Kasil(1993) and the PRQ(Personal Resource Questionnaire) scale developed by Brandt & Weinert(1981). The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS computer program, yielding frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, $x^{2}$-test, Pearson's correlation coefficienct, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows ; 1)The range of age in the subjects was $29{\sim}44$ years, the range age in the handicapped children was $2{\sim}12$ years. 2) The mean score of burden, for the mothers of the handicapped children was 2.75(standard deviation was 0.47) of a possible total of 5. 3) The mean score of social support, for the mothers of the handicapped children was 4.99 (standard deviation was 0.59) of a possible total of 7. 4) There was an negative correlations hip between burden level and the social support, but there was no statistically significant correlationship between burden level and the social support(r = -.2252, p = .076) 5) In the general characteristics influencing on the burden level was significantly related with the sex(t = - 2.87, p = .007) and the degree of child's handicap level(F = 11.8680, p = .000l). In the general characteristics influencing on the social support was significantly related with the family(husband) support(F = 3.5199, p = .0240). There were significant differences in the mother's levels of burden depending upon the severity of child's handicap. In other words, the degree of mother's burden was directly proportionate to the degree of child's handicap level. There were significant differences in the mother's levels of social support depending upon the family(husband) support. In conclusion, on the basis of the results of this study, there was no statistically significant correlationship between burden level and the social support. Above results suggest that strategies for the intervention programs in diminishing the mother's burden and reinforcing the social support.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2015

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIA is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by abnormalities of the enzyme Heparan N-sulfatase that is required for degradation of heparan sulfate. The patient in this study was a 5 year-old boy who presented with macrocephaly and developmental delay. Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycan was increased (26 g/moL creatinine, reference range: <7 g/moL creatinine) and a distinct band of heparan sulfate was shown in electrophoresis. Heparan N-sulfatase activity was significantly decreased in skin fibroblasts (0.2 pmoL/min/mg protein, reference range: 9-64 pmoL/min/mg protein). PCR and direct sequencing analysis of the SGSH gene showed compound heterozygous mutations: c.1040C>T (p.S347F) and c.703G>A (p.D235N). This is the first report for a Korean patient with MPS IIIA who was confirmed by biochemical investigation and molecular genetic analyses.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2002

Ciliates have the possibility of a new live food in marine finfish culture because of their wide range of body size, thin tell wall, show motility, and fast reproduction rate. In this research, six species of ciliates were isolated from south coast and salt pond in Korea. The fitness of these species as a live food was evaluated in terms of size, motility, suspensibility and cell density. As the result, Euplotes sp. (K-1) was found suitable to be a new live food which might substitute rotifers, Brachionus plintilis and B. rotundiformis in fish larvae culture. The modified $F{\emptyset}yn's$ Erdschreiberd media, MErds-2 with the addition of glycine, glucose and yeast extract increased six times higher growth rate of Euplotes sp. (K-1) than the basic F$\emptyset$yn's Erdschreiberd media. The optimum water temperature, pH and light intensity for this ciliates were $22.5^{\circ}C$, 8 and 2,000 lux, respectively, and its culture environmental range was relatively wide, On the other hand, this ciliate fed baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cererisiae grew up to 1,240 inds./mL with the inocula of 100 inds./mL within 7 days. The results of the study showed that Euplotes sp. (K-1) has a potential to be utilized as a new live food in fish larvae culture.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

A reflecting omnidirectional optical system with four spherical and aspherical mirrors, for use with long-wavelength infrared light (LWIR) for night surveillance, is proposed. It is designed to include a collecting pseudo-Cassegrain reflector and an imaging inverse pseudo-Cassegrain reflector, and the design process and performance analysis is reported in detail. The half-field of view (HFOV) and F-number of this optical system are $40-110^{\circ}$ and 1.56, respectively. To use the LWIR imaging, the size of the image must be similar to that of the microbolometer sensor for LWIR. As a result, the size of the image must be $5.9mm{\times}5.9mm$ if possible. The image size ratio for an HFOV range of $40^{\circ}$ to $110^{\circ}$ after optimizing the design is 48.86%. At a spatial frequency of 20 lp/mm when the HFOV is $110^{\circ}$, the modulation transfer function (MTF) for LWIR is 0.381. Additionally, the cumulative probability of tolerance for the LWIR at a spatial frequency of 20 lp/mm is 99.75%. As a result of athermalization analysis in the temperature range of $-32^{\circ}C$ to $+55^{\circ}C$, we find that the secondary mirror of the inverse pseudo-Cassegrain reflector can function as a compensator, to alleviate MTF degradation with rising temperature.