• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.187-202
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of indomethacin on prostaglandins in 4-Nitroquinoline-N-Oxide (4-NQO) induced palatal carcinoma of albino rats. 128 Sprague-Dawley strain albino rats-about 100g in body weight-were used in this study, divided into as belows; 1. Normal group (16-albino rats) with no treatment, 2. Control group (16-albino rats) treated with prophylene application onto palatal mucosa 3 times a week. 3. Experimental group I (48-albino rats) treated with 0.5% 4-NQO in prophylene application onto palatal mucosa 3 times a week. 4. Experimental group II (48-albino rats) treated with 0.5% 4-NQO in prophylene application with administered $20{\mu}g/ml$ of indomethacin in drinking water ad. lib. Four animals were sacrificed 7th, 13th, 19th, and 25th week respectively in normal and control group, and 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th and 29th week respectively in experimental group I and II at each time. The palatal and lingual tissues were excised and kept frozen at $-70^{\circ}C$. Densitometer scan and Beta-counting counter were used for the thin layer chromatography of the arachidonic acid metabolites. The obtained results were as belows; 1. In normal and control group, there was little change of the arachidonic acid metabolites during experiment period, and the tissue homogenates included prostaglandin $D_2$, 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$, prostaglandin $E_2$, thromboxane $B_2$, prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ in that order of relative abundances. 2. In experimental group I, prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$ were increased, while 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$ were decreased in relative abundances of arachidonic acid metabolites. And there was little change in prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ 3. In experimental group II, prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$ were increased, while 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$ were decreased in relative abundances of arachidonic acid metabolites. And there was little change in prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ also. 4. In the range of increase in prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$, and that of decrease in 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$, in relative abundances, there was wider in experimental group I than in group II. 5. In the range of increase in prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$, and that of decrease in 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$, in relative abundances, there was wider in palatal mucosa than in lingual mucosa in experimental group I and II.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.59-62
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• 1996

The effect of NiO addition on the microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of (Zr$_{0.8}$Sn$_{0.2}$)TiO$_4$(ZST) was investigated. With the NiO addition, a dense ZST body of density higher than 95% has been achieved in the sintering temperature range of 1400 to 150$0^{\circ}C$. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis of sintered specimen shows the presence of second phase at grain boundaries, which is considered to be NiTiO$_3$. Dielectric constant of the specimen is found to increase linearly with density. Q-values and TC$_{f}$decrease with increasing NiO content. The variation of dielectric properties with NiO content is discussed in term of the second phase. The ZST ceramics with small amount of additive gave $\varepsilon$$_{r}$=38, Q=7000 at 7 GHz and TC$_{f}$=-0.5 ppm/$^{\circ}C$, comparable with the values obtained by previous investigation.stigation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.354-362
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• 2002

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the relationships among perceived life stress, self-esteem, and depression in middle-aged women. Methods: Data were collected from March 30 to May 25, 2000. The study subjects were 123 middle-aged women living in Pusan. The instruments used for this study were the Perceived Life Stress scale developed by Lee (1984), based on the original scale designed by Yu, et al. (1994), Self-esteem scale developed by Rho, et al. (1997), and the Depression scale developed by Ahn (1988). For data analysis, the SPSS PC+ was utilized, by which frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Sheffe's test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were examined. The reliability of the instruments were tested by Cronbach's $\alpha$, showing the internal consistency of 0.7328 for the self-esteem scale. and 0.8987 for the depression scale. Results: 1) The results showed a relatively low perceived life stress score in the middle-aged women with a mean and standard deviation of 363.18 and 72.92 (range: .00 - 1877.38). 2) The results showed a relatively high self-esteem score in the middle-aged women with a mean and standard deviation of 29.77 and 5.06 (range: 10 - 40). 3) The results showed a relatively high depression score in the middle-aged women with a mean and standard deviation of 39.46 and 9.38 (range: 0 - 61). 4) There were no statistically significant differences in perceived life stress by demographic related factors. 5) There were statistically significant differences in self-esteem by health status (F=8.930, p= .000) and economic status (t=4.792, p= .010). 6) There were statistically significant differences in depression by age (F=3.770, p= .0261). education (F=4.850, p= .003) and regularity of menstrual cycle (F=13.180, p= .000). 7) There was no statistically significant correlation between perceived life stress, and self-esteem in the middle-aged women (r=-.077, p= .399). 8) There was no significant correlation between perceived life stress. and depression in the middle-aged women (r= .010, p= .916). 9) There was a significant negative correlation between self-esteem, and depression in the middle-aged women (r=- .359, p= .000). Conclusion: Higher self-esteem was related to a lower depression status. Therefore, it is necessary to elevate the level of self-esteem in order to reduce the level of depression in middle-aged Korean women.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.364-368
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• 1999

We investigate the evaluation items of LSU (Laser Scanning Unit), such as beam size, f$\theta$ characteristics, linearity, skew and bow, optical power ratio between image height of 0mm and $\pm$108 mm, pitch error, Jitter and shift of printing position. Through the measurement of LSU using BSH (Beam Scan Head) installed on LMC (Linear Motion Controller) which moves linearly within the whole scanning range (-108 mm~+108 mm), we can ascertain plastic f$\theta$ lenses, which are manufactured by TVLP (Two-step Variable Low Pressure) molding method, to satisfy 600DPI(Dots Per Inch) performance.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.820-826
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• 1988

The freezing point$(t_f)$, latent heat of freezing$({\triangle}\;H_f)$ and kinetic constant of fleering$(k_f)$ were determined from DSC thermogram at cooling rate $-2.5^{\circ}C/min{\sim}-10.0^{\circ}C/min$. The freezing point of various starches was decreased with an increase in cooling rate, and that of whole starches were lower than defatted starches. Changes of the latent heat of freezing was not observed at above cooling rate $-2.5^{\circ}C/min$. The latent heat of freezing$({\triangle}\;H_f)$ could be deduced as a function of water content(W) as follows: ${\triangle}\;H_f=0.700W-13.048$, (Kcal/kg) $(35%{\leqq}W{\leqq}70%)\;{\triangle}\;H_f=1.569W-73.861,\;(Kcal/kg)\;(W{\geqq}70%$) In the water content range $35{\sim}90$(wt %), the activation energy of various starches in freezing process was determined $126{\sim}270$ Kcal/mol.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2001

This research was carried out to examine the optimum design conditions of a vertical small-scale milling machine where the rough rice is processed directly into the white rice in one pass. Effects of the main spindle speed, feed screw pitch and ceramic coating length of the roller on various milling characteristics such as white rice processing capacity, electric energy consumption, rice temperature increase, broken rice ratio, moisture reduction, outlet force and crack ratio increase were studied. The results are as follows. 1. The maximum white rice processing capacity and the lowest crack ratio increase, were obtained from a machine with specification: main spindle speed of 970rpm having a feed screw pitch of 19㎜. 2. The minimum electric energy consumption was obtained with the main spindle speeds of 900 and 970rpm respectively having a feed screw pitch of 19㎜. 3. The rice temperature was increased as the feed screw pitch decreased and the main spindle speed increased. 4. Broken rice ratio was relatively low with the range of 0.8∼1.3%. 5. Moisture content loss was with the range of 0.05∼0.4%. 6. The highest outlet force was 0.72kg$\_$f/ with 900rpm of the main spindle speed and 19㎜ of the feed screw pitch and the lowest outlet force was 0.18∼0.34kg$\_$f/ with 970rpm of the main spindle speed and 16㎜ of the feed screw pitch. 7. The optimum design conditions for the vertical small-scale milling machine were obtained at 970rpm of the main spindle speed, 19㎜ of the feed screw pitch and 20㎜ of the ceramics coating length.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.126-129
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• 2014

We report the crystallographic and magnetic properties of $Ni_{0.3}Fe_{0.7}Ga_2S_4$ by means of X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer, and a M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectroscopy. In particular, $Ni_{0.3}Fe_{0.7}Ga_2S_4$ was studied by M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer analysis for evidence of spin reorientation. The chalcogenide material $Ni_{0.3}Fe_{0.7}Ga_2S_4$ was fabricated by a direct reaction method. XRD analysis confirmed that $Ni_{0.3}Fe_{0.7}Ga_2S_4$ has a 2-dimension (2-D) triangular lattice structure, with space group P-3m1. The M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectra of $Ni_{0.3}Fe_{0.7}Ga_2S_4$ at spectra at various temperatures from 4.2 to 300 K showed that the spectrum at 4.2 K has a severely distorted 8-line shape, as spin liquid. Electric quadrupole splitting, $E_Q$ has anomalous two-points of temperature dependence of $E_Q$ curve as freezing temperature, $T_f=11K$, and N$\acute{e}$el temperature, $T_N=26K$. This suggests that there appears to be a slowly-fluctuating "spin gel" state between $T_f$ and $T_N$, caused by non-paramagnetic spin state below $T_N$. This comes from charge re-distribution due to spin-orientation above $T_f$, and $T_N$, due to the changing $E_Q$ at various temperatures. Isomer shift value ($0.7mm/s{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}0.9mm/s$) shows that the charge states are ferrous ($Fe^{2+}$), for all temperature range. The Debye temperature for the octahedral site was found to be ${\Theta}_D=260K$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2007

A comparative study on crystal structures and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra for Nb-containing oxyfluorides was performed to probe the relationship between energy band gap and local structure. The oxyfluorides, RbSrNb2O6F, RbCaNb2O6F and RbNb2O5F are commonly composed of the corner-sharing NbO5F octahedra as structural building units. The average Nb-O(F)-Nb bond angles, which can be a measure of the structural distortion, are 158.6° for RbSrNb2O6F, 149.6° for RbCaNb2O6F and 139.5° for RbNb2O5F. As the bond angle decreases, the band gap increases: 3.48eV for RbSrNb2O6F, 3.75eV for RbCaNb2O6F and 4.03 eV for RbNb2O5F. This experimental result implies that the band gap can be controlled with a range of 0.6 eV through a variation of local structure for the Nb-containing oxyfluorides.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.68-81
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• 2001

This research is to study about the weight-change of a pregnant woman, conditions of the woman and an infant. The weight-change of a mother during pregnancy was observed and that was expressed as the basis on the body mass index of a mother before pregnancy. The effects of weight-changes on both the discomfort, complications of pregnant mother and the condition of an infant were also investigated. Thus we set a purpose that this study would help pregnant woman and an infant to maintain and enhance their health conditions by proper weight control through nursing mediation. This study was performed in a certain hospital of university in seoul from Feb. 1. 2000 to Mar. 31. 2000. We explained the purpose of this study to the hospital institution and obtained consent of investigation. 152 inpatients who were in condition from PA 37 weeks to PA 42 weeks were the subject of this study. The research materials were made through of question paper that inpatients make answer by themselves and investigation paper. The question paper was about general background, weight and height before pregnancy and discomfort of the physical degree. And the investigation paper was about parity, maternal weight(late pregnancy), high pregnancy, delivery method, hemoglobin level, Apgar score, fetal weight. Physical discomfort was measured using the implement made by Kim hae won(1996) (chronbach's ${\alpha}=0.85$). SPSS was used to do statistics for managing and analyzing data. The results of this study were like followings. 1. The mean value of gained weight during pregnancy was about 13.8kg within from 3 kg to 26 kg. Among 152 research candidates, the gained weight of 80(52.6%) candidates remained within an ideal range. But that of 37 candidates(24.3%) became less than the ideal range. Also that of 35 candidates(23.0%) became over than the ideal range. 2. In the investigation of the relation between the weight change of a pregnant woman and her condition, the scores to represent physical discomfort were middle in all candidates. And the physical discomfort of over weight-gained group was more than that of low weight-gained group, but there was no difference in statistics(F=0.234, p=0.791). The weight-changes of pregnant woman didn't have an influence with the high risk of pregnancy(F=0.509, p=0.477). Also, the weight-changes didn't have an influence on delivery method($x^2=3.825$, p=0.148). However, in the investigation of the relation between weight-change and hemoglobin level, the change of hemoglobin level was highest in over weight gained group(F=3.062, p=0.05). 3. In the investigation of the weight-change of pregnant woman and the condition of infant. the weight changes didn't have an influence on both 1 min Apgar score(F=0.157, p=0.855) and 5 min Apgar score(F=0.030, p=0.970) of infant. Also, in the investigation of weight-change of a pregnant woman and weight difference of a infant with Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the weight-change of a pregnant woman affected vastly the weight of a infant. It was also found that the more pregnant woman gained in weight, the more did gain weighty infants. This relation was in net proportion(r=0.256, p=0.001). In conclusion, these results suggest that the weight-changes during pregnancy in Korea women of these days are more increased than that of the past days and individual variation in weight-changes is very high. Also, these results suggest that the changed hemoglobin level of a mother and weight of an infant were meaningfully affected by the weight-changes of a pregnant woman during pregnancy. However, the physical discomfort of a pregnant woman, the high risks of pregnancy, the delivery method and Apgar score of an infant were not affected by the weight-changes during pregnancy. Because the recommendation suggesting the ideal weight-change, used this study, is basis on the subject of American women, therefore, these results also suggest the necessity of such recommendation which is subject to Korean women.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2002

The effects of the sintering additives such as B $i_2$ $O_3$ and $V_2$ $O_{5}$ on the microwave dielectric and sintering properties of ZnTi $O_3$ system were investigated. Highly dense samples were obtained for ZnTi $O_3$ at the sintering temperature range of 870~90$0^{\circ}C$ with B $i_2$ $O_3$ and $V_2$ $O_{5}$ additions of <1 wt.%, respectively. The microwave dielectric properties of ZnTi $O_3$ with 0.6 wt.% B $i_2$ $O_3$ and 0.5 wt.% $V_2$ $O_{5}$ were as follows: Qx $f_{o}$ = 48,400 GHz, $\varepsilon$$_{r}$= 22, and $\tau$$_{f}$ = -43 ppm/$^{\circ}C$. In order to improve temperature coefficient of resonant frequency, Ti $O_2$ was added to the abode system. The optimum amount of Ti $O_2$was 15 mol.% when sintered at 87$0^{\circ}C$, at which Ive could obtain following results: Qx $f_{O}$ = 44,700GHz, $\varepsilon$$_{r}$ = 26, and $\tau$$_{f}$ = 0 PPm/$^{\circ}C$.>.EX>.>.>.EX>.>.>.