• 패션비즈니스
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2010

As measuring visual behavior by utilize eye-tracker, this study examines whether consumer concentrates on visual attention with certain object and measures visual behavior with fixation number, fixation duration, the first fixation, which are visual attention pattern of consumer about Mannequin, hanger, shelve as props of display advertising effect on clothing store. It has experimental purpose to recognize relationships in terms of regardless, appropriateness, purchase intention. During display of clothing store, first experimental consequence to measure visual behavior on consumer did appear to allocate more cautions than other props. Second, in terms of relationships with regardless, appropriateness, purchase intention from consumer, each fixation pattern about consumer's fixation number, fixation duration, the first fixation was confirmed that there is meaningful correlation with each other. Accordingly, as advertising effect of mannequin makes consumer to concentrate more visually cautious, it is translated that high favor about display product with mannequin has positive role on purchase intention. Also, there is a purpose that higher feasibility on study result provides practical point on clothing store's display marketing strategy of corporation.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.234-239
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• 2004

This paper describes preliminary results we have obtained in developing a computer vision system based on active IR illumination for real time gaze tracking for interactive graphic display. Unlike most of the existing gaze tracking techniques, which often require assuming a static head to work well and require a cumbersome calibration process fur each person, our gaze tracker can perform robust and accurate gaze estimation without calibration and under rather significant head movement. This is made possible by a new gaze calibration procedure that identifies the mapping from pupil parameters to screen coordinates using the Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN). With GRNN, the mapping does not have to be an analytical function and head movement is explicitly accounted for by the gaze mapping function. Furthermore, the mapping function can generalize to other individuals not used in the training. The effectiveness of our gaze tracker is demonstrated by preliminary experiments that involve gaze-contingent interactive graphic display.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2019

Map labels are the most recognizable map elements using the human visual system because they are essentially a natural language. In this study, an experiment was conducted using an eye-tracker to objectively record and analyze the response of subjects regarding visual attention to map labels. A primary building object was identified by analyzing visit counts, average visit duration, fixation counts, and the average fixation duration of a subject's gaze for an area of interest acquired using the eye-tracker. The unmarked rate of map labels in Google map, Naver map, and Daum map was calculated. As a result, this rate exceeded fifty-one percent, with the lowest rate recorded for Google map. It is expected that the results of this study will contribute to an increase in the diversity of research in terms of the spatial cognition approach for map labels, which is more helpful to users than the existing body of work on methods of expression for labels.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.391-405
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 시선추적기(Eye-Tracker)를 활용하여 웹기반 저울 교수학습 프로그램을 이용한 대수적 실험이 학생들의 방정식에 대한 관계적 사고를 형성 시키는지를 학생들의 시선 움직임으로 확인하고자 하였다. 연구문제를 해결하기 위해 전주의 J초등학교 4학년 학생 24명을 대상으로 방정식(a+b+c=d+_) 문제를 3블록, 4가지 형식(12문항)으로 제시하여 시선추적기를 통해 사전사후검사를 실시하고 전략이 뚜렷하지 않은 경우는 면담을 실시하여 인지 과정을 살펴보았다. 수업은 웹기반 수저울 중심으로 등호에 대한 개념 이해와 관계적 사고가 형성되도록 짜여졌다. 그 결과 웹기반 수저울은 받침점을 기준으로 좌우를 비교하도록 하는 과제 해결과정에서 등호에 대한 개념 형성 뿐 아니라, 평형을 이루기 위해 좌우를 살피는 문제 해결과정을 통해 관계적 사고를 형성할 수 있었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.428-438
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the visual attention of elementary school students according to the editorial design of the 2007 2009 revised elementary science textbook 'Structure and function of our body'. For this purpose, eye movements were collected while elementary school students were watching real textbooks wearing mobile eye tracker. The BeGaze 3.7 program of SMI company was used analyzing eye movements. Twenty-six elementary school students participated voluntarily in mobile tracking research. Elementary students learned the contents of textbook related to 'digestive organ' and 'respiratory organ' by using double reading learning strategy. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of pre- and post-knowledge tests, there was no statistically significant difference in learning effect between 2007 revised and 2009 revised textbook editing design. Second, elementary school students tended to give more visual attention to text than textbook illustrations. Third, the selective attention and persistent attention of elementary students showed a very strong positive correlation (.940), but the selective attention and self-control showed a strong positive correlation (.499). Fourth, students with high level of attention and low level showed high visual occupancy in text than in illustrations. Fifth, elementary school students preferred the 2009 revised science textbook to the 2007 revised.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.705-715
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• 2016

이 연구의 목적은 실제 과학수업에서 시선추적과 주의력 검사를 통해 초등학생들의 주의의 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 초등학생들의 주의 과정을 분석하기 위하여 SMI사의 ETG(eye tracker glasses) 이동형 시선추적기를 사용하였고, 샘플링 속도는 30Hz이다. 사전 주의력 검사의 연구대상은 초등학교 6학년 155명이었고, 시선추적의 연구 대상은 초등학교 6학년 남학생 6명이었다. 시선추적의 연구대상자는 모두 과거 안구병력이 없었으며, 안경을 쓰지 않았다. 안구운동 분석은 'BeGaze Mobile Video Analysis Package' 프로그램을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학생의 주의력 검사 결과, 선택적 주의와 자기통제는 .316으로 낮은 상관을 보였고, 선택적 주의와 지속적 주의는 .85로 높은 상관을 보였다. 둘째, 선택적 주의와 자기 통제의 상관관계를 기준으로 초등학생들의 주의 유형을 주의형(attentive type), 비주의형(inattentive type), 안이형(easygoing type), 경솔형(hasty type)으로 구분하였다. 셋째, 실제 과학수업에서 초등학생들의 안구운동분석을 통해 초등학생들의 주의는 상향식 주의처리, 하향식 주의처리, 디폴트 모드 네트워크로 구분할 수 있었다. 또한 실제 수업에서 초등학생들의 주의 전환은 다양한 원인으로 인해 빈번히 발생하였다. 초등학생들이 목표 지향적이고 지식에 의존하는 하향식 주의 처리를 못하는 원인은 초점주의 실패로 인한 목표 대상 지각의 실패, 목표 대상에 대한 관련지식의 부재, 관련지식에 대한 유추의 실패 등으로 나타났다. 주의력 검사와 안구운동분석을 종합하여 초등학생의 주의 처리과정을 도식하였다. 이 연구에서 밝힌 초등학생의 주의 특성과 주의 처리과정이 효과적인 교수전략, 교수학습 모형, 교수자료를 개발하는데 기초적인 자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out what type of skip button used in forced exposure advertising is the most positive to the users. The four types of skip buttons were produced for the experiment and tested by survey and eye tracker to reveal the effects of the skip buttons on perceived intrusion, advertising attention, attitude toward advertising, and memory consisting of recall and recognition. Out of 80 participants, 20 were randomly assigned to the specific type of skip button group. The results showed that there is no statistical difference in advertising attention, perceived intrusiveness and attitude toward advertising. However, the recall and recognition rate are the highest in the static text type and kinetic text, product image, and default follow statistically. This study has implications for using skip buttons as a major variable for inventory of TrueView advertising effects and suggests that the amount of information in the image is critical processed by users within very short time.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.609-616
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the difference of legibility between e-book and paper-book by using eye-tracker. Background: Despite of many researches on the e-book and paper-book, there are few researches on the difference between e-book and paper-book. In addition, the researches on the e-book were only dependent on the e-book reader. This study focused on the comparison of e-book and paper-book controlled with the same environments. Method: This study was conducted with $2{\times}3$ within-subject design. Independent variables include the types of book (e-book, paper-book) and font sizes (8pt, 10pt, 12pt). Dependent variables are four measures of fixation duration, saccade length, blink rate and subjective discomfort. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measured design was used to investigate the main and interaction effects of independent variables on each of the dependent variables. The multiple comparisons were performed by post hoc analysis and Bonferroni correction was applied. Results: Fixation duration at e-book was longer than paper-book (p<0.01). Saccade length at e-book was shorter than paper-book (p<0.05). Blink rate at e-book was higher than paper-book (p<0.1). Subjective discomfort at e-book was higher than paper-book (p<0.1). Legibility at 8pt was better than 10pt, 12pt (p<0.01) in fixation duration, saccade length and subjective discomfort. Conclusion: It was found that the legibility at e-book are worse than paper-book from this study. These results indicated that the legibility of e-book was needed to be validated and improved to replace the paper-book. Application: This study suggests improving something related to fixation duration, saccade length, blink rate and subjective discomfort for betterment of e-book.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2021

Measuring and evaluation of audience's visual message perception are crucial process for scientific production of visual content. This study tried to evaluate the difference of viewer's awareness of visual object depends on his or her inherent characteristics like conservatism using an eye tracker system. Especially, this experiment tested research questions about positive correlation between conservatism and peoples' eye movements following the sound visual messages. 57 subjects participated in the test. Two different groups were exposed to two visual elements representing 'the conservative' and 'the liberal'. The results showed that people tended to have different way of seeing visual objects according to their inherent characteristics. Also by comparing the gaze time at the object and area of interest(AOI) in visual, this study is able to verify the existence of 'positive way of seeing' and 'negative way of seeing'. The two different ways of seeing have their own trail of eye movement.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2017

본 연구는 평면 도형의 도형 분류하기 과제를 제시할 때 길이와 각의 표기 여부가 도형의 개념 이해에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, 초등학교 4학년 학생 33명을 대상으로 분류하기 과제 해결 과정을 Eye-tracker를 통해 녹화하고 정답률과 Gaze Duration을 중심으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 이등변삼각형과 정삼각형의 분류하기에서는 길이를 제시하였을 때 정답률이 증가하고 Gaze Duration은 감소하였다. 예각삼각형과 둔각삼각형 과제에서도 직각을 표기했을 때 정답률이 증가하고 Gaze Duration이 감소하였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 평면도형을 분류하는 과제를 제시할 때는 길이와 각을 표기하여 학생들이 어림하여 도형을 분류하기 보다는 도형의 개념 이해를 바탕으로 분류하는 것을 측정하는 데 초점을 두어야 할 것이다.