• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.508-515
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• 2020

For the success of mobile messenger emoticons, it is important to grab the attentions of users or consumers and identify the influence factors that can satisfy empathy and emotional satisfaction. In this study, first, subjective evaluation of the mobile messenger emoticons of the subjects was examined through a preliminary survey, and then Eye-tracking experiments were conducted to identify the influence factors that can attention of the subject's eyes in the emoticons. The study revealed that emoticons such as Ompangi and Onaeui yeosin highlighting their characters mainly focus on characters(face). Secondly, Gyuiyomjueui and Handprinting emoticons focused on Text. Contrary to earlier studies, such results showed that people are presumed to focus on characteristic elements such as size, form, color and location of visually exposed elements rather than primarily having a keen interest in characters.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-188
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• 2005

Recently, Li, Brenner, Cornelissen and Kim (2002) reported that 2D shape perception during pursuit eye movement just reflected the retinal image, and this result implies that the visual system ignored the extra-retinal information. In reality, however, we usually do not experience the perceptual distottion of 2D shape during pursuit eye movement. One Possibility is that the visual system night exploit the fact that the relative location between objects on retinal image is constantly maintained even during pursuit eye movement. The present research examined this possibility. Interestingly, perceptual distortion of 2D shape was observed even in the presence of reference, however, the amount of distortion decreased compared to when the reference does not exist. The distance between the reference and the target affected the perceptual distortion. These results imply that reference information is used in 2D shape perception during pursuit eye movement but it cannot completely explain the stable and accurate representation of 2D shape perception during pursuit eye movement.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2001

We propose a new saccadic eye movement system with visual selective attention. Saliency map models generate the scan pathways in a natural scene, of which the output makes an attended location. Saccadic eye movement model is used for producing the target trajectories to move the attended locations very rapidly. To categorize human saccadic eye movement, saccadic eye movement model was divided into three parts, each of which was then individually modeled using different neural networks to reflect a principal functionality of brain structures related with the saccadic eye movement in our brain. Based on the proposed saliency map models and the saccadic eye movement model, an active vision system using a CCD type camera and BLDC motor was developed and demonstrated with experimental results.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.191-203
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• 2017

Human eyes and skin are frequently exposed to chemicals accidentally or on purpose due to their external location. Therefore, chemicals are required to undergo the evaluation of the ocular and dermal irritancy for their safe handling and use before release into the market. Draize rabbit eye and skin irritation test developed in 1944, has been a gold standard test which was enlisted as OECD TG 404 and OECD TG 405 but it has been criticized with respect to animal welfare due to invasive and cruel procedure. To replace it, diverse alternatives have been developed: (i) For Draize eye irritation test, organotypic assay, in vitro cytotoxicity-based method, in chemico tests, in silico prediction model, and 3D reconstructed human cornealike epithelium (RhCE); (ii) For Draize skin irritation test, in vitro cytotoxicity-based cell model, and 3D reconstructed human epidermis models (RhE). Of these, RhCE and RhE models are getting spotlight as a promising alternative with a wide applicability domain covering cosmetics and personal care products. In this review, we overviewed the current alternatives to Draize test with a focus on 3D human epithelium models to provide an insight into advancing and widening their utility.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine drivers' driving behaviors and eye-movements according to driving speed and navigation- position while operation of the navigation in driving. For this purpose, two driving conditions (low-speed and high-speed) and two navigation-positions (top and bottom location of the center console) were set. Drivers' driving behaviors (speed, speed variation, coefficient of variation, and the number of collisions) and eye-movements (overall eye pattern, the average scanning time of navigation, and the number of gaze-out on the road for more 2 seconds) were measured. As a result, when the navigation was located at the bottom of the console, difficulties of lateral control was appeared in low-speed driving condition, and the that of longitudinal control was appeared in high-speed driving condition. In addition, above situation made the drivers' scanning times of navigation long, increased the number of gaze-out on the road for more 2 seconds, and made overall eye pattern monotonous. These results could be interpreted that the manipulation of the navigation at the bottom of console cause reduced attention capacity due to the cognitive load.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.175-182
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• 2020

The non-contact eye tracking is a nonintrusive human-computer interface providing hands-free communications for people with severe disabilities. Recently. it is expected to do an important role in non-contact systems due to the recent coronavirus COVID-19, etc. This paper proposes a novel approach for an eye mouse using an eye tracking method based on a context-aware based AdaBoost multi-region classifier and ASSL algorithm. The conventional AdaBoost algorithm, however, cannot provide sufficiently reliable performance in face tracking for eye cursor pointing estimation, because it cannot take advantage of the spatial context relations among facial features. Therefore, we propose the eye-region context based AdaBoost multiple classifier for the efficient non-contact gaze tracking and mouse implementation. The proposed method detects, tracks, and aggregates various eye features to evaluate the gaze and adjusts active and semi-supervised learning based on the on-screen cursor. The proposed system has been successfully employed in eye location, and it can also be used to detect and track eye features. This system controls the computer cursor along the user's gaze and it was postprocessing by applying Gaussian modeling to prevent shaking during the real-time tracking using Kalman filter. In this system, target objects were randomly generated and the eye tracking performance was analyzed according to the Fits law in real time. It is expected that the utilization of non-contact interfaces.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.361-367
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• 2006

This paper describes a novel stereo vision based localization of free parking site, which recognizes the target position of automatic parking system. Pixel structure classification and feature based stereo matching extract the 3D information of parking site in real time. The pixel structure represents intensity configuration around a pixel and the feature based stereo matching uses step-by-step investigation strategy to reduce computational load. This paper considers only parking site divided by marking, which is generally drawn according to relevant standards. Parking site marking is separated by plane surface constraint and is transformed into bird's eye view, on which template matching is performed to determine the location of parking site. Obstacle depth map, which is generated from the disparity of adjacent vehicles, can be used as the guideline of template matching by limiting search range and orientation. Proposed method using both the obstacle depth map and the bird's eye view of parking site marking increases operation speed and robustness to visual noise by effectively limiting search range.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2013

Recognition and image processing technology depends on illumination variation. One of the most important factors is the parameters of algorithms. When it comes to select these values, the system has different types of recognition accuracy. In this paper, we propose performance improvement of the eye tracking system that depends on some environments such as, people, location, and illumination. Optimized threshold parameter was decided by using reinforcement learning. When the system accuracy goes down, reinforcement learning used to train the value of parameters. According to the experimental results, the performance of eye tracking system can be improved from 3% to 14% by using reinforcement learning. The improved eye tracking system can be effectively used for human-computer interaction.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.101-108
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• 2011

Construction of the Jangbogo antarctic station was planned, and it requires detailed information on topography of the area around the station. The purpose of this research is to generate the topographic map to construct the Jangbogo antarctic station using the satellite image. To do this, surveying and pre-test of equipment were conducted. In addition, for sensor modeling of the GeoEye-1 satellite image, RPC-bias correction was done, and it showed that at least two control points are required. In generating the map, a 1/2,500 scale was deemed suitable in consideration of resolution of the image and the fact that supplementary topographic surveying would be impossible. In order to provide detailed information on the topography around the Jangbogo station, the digital elevation model based on image matching was created, and compared with GPS-RTK data, accuracy of vertical location about 0.6m was exhibited.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2006

Recently face detection has actively been researched due to its wide range of applications, such as personal identification and security systems. In this paper, a new face detection method based on the distribution map is proposed. Face-like regions are first extracted by applying the skin color map with the frequency to a color image and then, possible eye regions are determined by using the pupil color distribution map within the face-like regions. This enables the reduction of space for finding facial features. Eye candidates are detected by means of a template matching method using weighted window, which utilizes the correlation values of the luminance component and chrominance components as feature vectors. Finally, a cost function for mouth detection and location information between the facial features are applied to each pair of the eye candidates for face detection. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve a high performance.