• 대한약침학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2000

Carthami tinctorii Fructus is known for its good effect on diseases such as fracture, menorrhalgia, menoschesis, puerperium aneilema and so on. The study of irritation and toxicity of Carthami oil aquapuncture solution applied topically to the skin and the eye mucous membrane were carried out to prove the safety of Carthami oil aquapuncture solution in clinical use. Animal for the research was the rabbit and the solution for the test was made from Carthami semen. 6 animals were used for the skin test and 9 animals were used for the eye mucous membrane test. In results, both tests proved that Carthami oil aquapuncture solution makes no irritable reaction on skin and eye mucous membrane of rabbit. We consider that this result is helpful for saying about the safety of Carthami oil aquapuncture solution in clinical use.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2013

This study aimed to assess the attraction effect against Lycorma delicatula and antioxidant activity of hexane, chloroform, butanol and water fraction obtained from Ailanthus altissima methanol extract. The attraction effect of chloroform fraction showed the highest activity (47%) as compared to that of other fractions. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity, methanol and butanol fraction showed higher antioxidant activity than other solvent fractions. From the above results, the potential chloroform fraction was further performed by local irritation test in New Zealand white rabbits. In eye irritation test, chloroform fraction showed moderate irritant at high concentration 0.5 g/site/mL, but there was no eye irritation at low concentration (0.05 g/site/mL). In accordance with the Draize evaluation of skin irritation, the primary irritation index was calculated to 3.3 and 0.68 at high (0.5 g/site/mL) and low concentration (0.05 g/site/mL) causing moderate and mild irritation, respectively. On the basis of this study, Ailanthus altissima chloroform fraction could be safely considered to be a candidate of attractant against Lycorma delicatula.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.250-250
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• 1996

Eye irritation, primary skin irritation and skin sensitization tests for Aloewhite were tested in New Zealand White rabbits and Hartley guinea pig. In primary skin irritation test of male New Zealand White rabbits, body weights were not significantly changed and primary Irritation Index(PII) was 0.47, indicating Aloewhite as mildly irritating material, In ocular irritation test, any injury on iris, conjunctival membrane, and cornea in New Zealand White rabbits was not observed. No injuries of the ocular mucous membrane were also recorded. Skin sensitization was tested in guinea Peg after intradermal and epicutaneous induction and graded I with zero % sensitization rate. These results indicate that Aloewhite was not considered to be irritant in test organs of animals.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.307-310
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• 1997

The local irritation study (skin & occular irritation tests) of CJ-50001, a rG-CSF (recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) was performed in Japanese White rabbits. CJ-50001 was administered at a dose of 150 $\mu\textrm{g}$/rabbit (300$\mu\textrm{g}$ /ml, 0.5 ml) to the bare skin and at a dose of 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/rabbit (300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 0.1 ml) to the conjunctival sac of the eye, respectively. In these experiments, there were no clinical signs which were related to CJ-50001 compared with control group. In conclusion, CJ-50001 doesn't have any irritating activity to skin and eye as 0.03% solution.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2002

The local irritation study (skin and occular irritation tests) of HM10411, a rhG-CSF (recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) was carried out in New Zealand White rabbits. HM10411 was applied to the bare skin at a dose of 2.5 mg/rabbit (5.0 mg/ml, 0.5 ml) and to the conjunctival sac of eye at a dose of 0.5 mg/rabbit (5.0 mg/ml, 0.1 ml) , respectively. In this study, there were no clinical signs which were related to HM10411 compared with those of control group. From above results, HM10411 has not any irritating activity to skin and eye in rabbits.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

2000년 이후 국내에 등록된 농약제품을 대상으로 원제 및 그 원제로 제조된 농약의 자극성 및 감작성에 대한 연관성을 연구하여 농약재등록, 신규등록 및 농약관리시 자극성 예측, 시험성적서 요구 결정 등에 대한 이용 가능성을 타진하고 농약관리의 기초 자료로 활용하기 위해 수행되었다. 농약의 자극성 및 감작성성적은 농약시험성적 정보집 및 농약등록 시 제출된 자료 등을 참고하여 원제 148성분 및 제품 149종의 자극성 및 감작성의 양성반응 빈도, 제형 간 반응차이, 원제와 제품간의 연관성 등을 조사 분석하였다. 원제 148성분 중 피부 자극성 133종, 안구 자극성 132종, 피부 감작성 97종의 성적이 이용되었으며, 항목별로 피부자극성 25(18.8%)종, 안구자극성 62(47%)종, 피부감작성 20(20.6%)종이 경도 이상의 양성반응을 보였다. 또한 149 품목 중 피부자극성 148종, 안구자극성 149종, 피부감작성 140종의 성적으로 분석한 결과 피부자극 22(14.9%), 안구자극 58(38.9%), 피부감작성 33(23.6%)품목이 경도 이상의 양성반응을 나타내었다. 동일제형 10품목 이상이 조사된 10종을 제형별, 독성반응별로 조사 분석하였다. 분석결과 원제와 제품간의 연관성은 피부자극성 73.1%, 안구자극성 44.7%, 피부감작성 66.2%로 분석되었으며, 성분함량간의 자극성 및 감작성은 아무런 상관성이 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 이상 원제와 제품간의 자극성 및 피부감작성에 관여하는 몇 가지 요인을 조사 분석한 결과 피부자극성 및 피부감작성은 원제와 제품간 각각 73.1%, 66.2%의 높은 상관성을 보였으나, 안구자극성은 제형 의존적인 것으로 판단되어 추후 더 많은 농약에 대하여 원제의 자극성성적, 제형특성 등을 참고하여 분석하면 자극성시험 수행 여부 결정을 위한 스크리닝 단계에 이용 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.478-481
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• 2013

본 연구는 병해충 관리용 유기농업자재 허용물질로 지정된 식물추출물 중 님 추출물(미얀마산, 인도산)과 고삼추출물(중국산)의 독성 평가를 위해 피부자극성과 안점막자극성시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과, 원산지가 다른 님 추출물 2종은 모두 피부자극성과 안점막자극성이 없는 것으로 평가되었고, 고삼 추출물은 피부자극성은 없었고 안점막자극성이 강도로 나타났으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 자극이 경감하는 것으로 평가됐다. 따라서 안점막자극성이 강한 것으로 평가된 고삼 추출물을 유기농업자재로 사용할 때 농작업자에 대한 안전대책이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.326-340
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• 2016

농약의 원제에 대한 GHS 체계 도입에 따라 농약 품목에 대한 GHS 도입 필요성이 대두되고 있어 GHS 도입 시 현행과의 평가 기준을 비교하였다. 농약 59 품목의 독성시험성적에 대하여 농약관리법과 GHS에 따라 피부자극성 및 안점막자극성을 산출 및 분류한 결과, 피부자극성 경도 및 중도로 분류된 품목에서 GHS 기준에 의해 '분류되지 않음'으로 구분된 품목이 전체의 25.5%였고 안점막자극성 경도에서 GHS 기준에 의해 '분류되지 않음'으로 구분된 품목이 45.8%로 나타나 자극성 구분이 완화되었다. 반면 비가역적 반응의 평가에 의해 경도와 중도에서 피부자극성이 피부부식성 구분 1로 보다 높게 평가된 품목이 6.8%, 안점막자극성이 심한 눈손상 구분 1로 보다 높게 평가 된 품목이 5.1%였다. 농약 품목의 시험성적을 이용한 GHS 분류와 품목에 함유된 원제의 자극성 구분과 함유량을 이용하여 GHS 혼합물 분류기준에 따라 분류한 결과를 비교한 결과, 피부자극성에서는 25.5% 품목의 자극성 구분이 완화되었고, 3.4% 품목의 자극성 구분이 강화되었다. 안점막자극성에서는 25.4%의 품목에 대한 자극성 구분이 완화되었고 11.9%의 품목의 자극성 구분이 강화되었다. 농약 품목에 GHS를 도입할 경우, 상이한 분류 결과를 보완할 수 있는 방안 마련이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

YHB216 is one of new recombinant human erythropoietins (rHu-EPO) developed by Yuhan Research Institute. The rHu-EPO products are widely being used for the treatment of various types of anemia. As a series of safety studies on YHB216, we performed the local irritation test (dermal & ocular application) in male New Zealand White rabbits and micronucleus test in male ICR mice. In the skin irritation test, 0.5 ml of YHB216 10,000 IU/ml solution was applied to the back skin of rabbits for 24 hours and sub-sequent observation was performed. There was no induced response after the treatment and the primary irritation index (P.I.I.) was‘0’. In the eye irritation test, 0.1 ml of YHB216 10,000 IU/mL solution was instilled into the conjunctiva of the eye. No treatment-related reaction was observed at the cornea, iris, and conjunctiva. In the micronucleus test, YHB216 was administered intravenously to male mice (6 mice per group) at dose levels of 0, 6,250, 12,500, and 25,000 IU/kg. Bone marrow cells were collected at 24 hours after the treatment. YHB216 treated groups showed no significant difference in the P/N (polychromatic erythrocyte/ normochromatic erythrocyte) ratio and in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte com-pared with the control. In conclusion, YHB216 was found to be a non-irritating material up to 10,000 IU/ml in the local irritation test and to be a non-mutagen up to 25,000 IU/kg in the micronucleus test.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1995

The local irritation studies of DA-3002, an authentic recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), were carried out in rabbits after the following treatment ; application into the conjunctival sac of the eye (single), single subcutaneous and intramuscular injection, 7-day repeated subcutaneous and intramuscular injection. The results obtained were as follows. In the result of ocular irritation test, 0.16% solution of DA-3002 could be considered as a non-irritating material. In single subcutaneous and intramuscular irritation test, the irritancy of 0.16% DA-3002 solution was not so much different from that of saline. The local irritation of DA-3002 by 7-day repeated injection was negligible and similar to that of saline by both subcutaneous and intramuscular routes. These results suggest that DA-3002 has no irritating activity when injected through subcutaneous or intramuscular route for clinical practice as 0.16% solution.