• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Information Management Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.67-70
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• 2015

본 연구는 대학도서관 웹 사이트를 평가하는 방법의 하나로 아이트래킹이라는 새로운 평가 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 아이트래킹은 눈동자를 추적하여 인간의 반응 및 상호작용을 연구하는 기법으로 실험대상자가 현재 무엇을 보고 있는지에 대한 직접적인 데이터 축적이 가능하고 웹 사이트와 같이 평면의 일정영역을 가진 대상을 연구하는데 적합하다. 추후 대학도서관에서 아이트래킹을 활용한 대학도서관 웹 사이트 평가를 실시한다면 이용자 요구를 반영한 웹 사이트 구축 및 운영에 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.328-335
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• 2021

In the era of 'Untact', virtual reality-based job training platforms are actively being used as part of non-face-to-face education for students with developmental disabilities. Because the people with developmental disabilities may lack sufficient cognitive abilities, it is difficult to conduct untact training seamlessly without the help of a third party. Therefore, it is necessary for training programs to identify the right timing to provide help so that the training can be continued. This research analyzed the visual attention of students with developmental disabilities in virtual reality-based job training program in order to determine the point of time when an intervention is required by the trainee. Results showed that students who completed the mission tended to have intense visual attention on a small number of objects for a certain period of time; the visual attention of the students who failed tended to shift erratically among multiple objects.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.486-489
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• 2020

본 설계는 얼굴과 눈을 인식한 후, 시선추적을 통해 마우스와 눈동자의 움직임을 연결하여 메뉴를 주문하는 기술이다. 시선추적을 통해 키오스크를 터치하지 않아도 메뉴를 간편하게 주문할 수 있고, 얼굴인식을 이용해 자신의 최근 주문기록을 확인하여 쉽고 빠르게 메뉴를 주문할 수 있다. 얼굴이 등록되어있지 않은 새로운 사용자는 안드로이드 앱을 이용하여 사진과 메뉴를 선택하여 장바구니에 담아 주문 시간을 단축할 수 있어 바쁜 현대인들에게 편리함을 제공할 수 있도록 구현하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.275-276
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• 2022

본 연구는 웹캠을 기반으로한 시선 추적 알고리즘에 대한 성능을 실시간으로 분석함과 동시에 그 결과를 직관적으로 비교해볼 수 있는 프로그램 개발에 대한 것이다. 시선 추적을 위한 훌륭한 알고리즘들과 학습 모델이 개발되고 있으나 개발 대상 어플리케이션에 적합한 알고리즘을 선별하거나 파라미터를 최적화하기 위해서는 알고리즘의 성능을 빠르고 효과적으로 가늠해볼 수 있는 테스트베드 개발이 동반되어야한다. 따라서 본 연구는 웹캠을 기반으로 시선 추적 알고리즘을 구현한 사례와 함께 개발된 알고리즘의 성능을 테스트해볼 수 있는 프로그램 개발에 대한 내용을 기술하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.07a
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• pp.433-434
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 미디어파이프와 아이트래킹의 손동작 및 눈 위치 인식을 이용하여 차량 내 조작할 수 있는 다양한 기능을 감압식 버튼이 아닌 카메라를 이용한 동작 기능을 제공해주는 차량 인포테인먼트시스템을 제안한다. 인공지능 모델은 Open-CV 구조를 활용하여 학습을 진행하였고, 라즈베리파이를 이용하여 구현하였다. 제안된 시스템은 운전자를 위해 설계된 다양한 동작들을 시각 정보로 전달해 운전 중 불편함을 대체할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 설치 및 사용방법이 간편하여 활용도가 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.1016-1017
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• 2023

이 연구는 ADHD 환자를 대상으로 디지털 치료 게임을 개발하였으며, 환자의 주의력과 기억력을 향상시키도록 구성되었다. 게임은 눈 움직임과 ADHD 의 연관성을 고려하여 아이트래킹 기술을 활용하여 개발되었다. 이를 통해 ADHD 환자를 위한 맞춤형 디지털 치료 게임의 중요성을 강조한다.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.635-662
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• 2016

Combinatorics, the basis of probabilistic thinking, is an important area of mathematics and closely linked with other subjects such as informatics and STEAM areas. But combinatorics is one of the most difficult units in school mathematics for leaning and teaching. This study, using the designed combinatorial models and executable expression, aims to analyzes the eye movement of graduate students when they translate the written combinatorial problems to the corresponding executable expression, and examines not only the understanding process of the written combinatorial sentences but also the degree of difficulties depending on the combinatorial semantic structures. The result of the study shows that there are two types of solving process the participants take when they solve the problems : one is to choose the right executable expression by comparing the sentence and the executable expression frequently. The other approach is to find the corresponding executable expression after they derive the suitable mental model by translating the combinatorial sentence. We found the cognitive processing patterns of the participants how they pay attention to words and numbers related to the essential informations hidden in the sentence. Also we found that the student's eyes rest upon the essential combinatorial sentences and executable expressions longer and they perform the complicated cognitive handling process such as comparing the written sentence with executable expressions when they try the problems whose meaning structure is rarely used in the school mathematics. The data of eye movement provide meaningful information for analyzing the cognitive process related to the solving process of the participants.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2010

Purpose: Eye movements and fixation ability are an important procedure to obtain external information and essential means of clear vision. The purpose of this study was to determine the reading performance such as reading time and number of fixations when random text was viewed at varying distances. Methods: Twenty two presbyopes were participated. All subjects were screened for their suitability to participate in the study by clinical examination, and none of the participants had previously worn contact lenses and no previous experience of wearing any types of presbyopic vision correction except single vision. The reading time and number of fixations were recorded using eye tracker while each subjects was waring four vision corrections which included single vision for distance (SV), bifocal spectacle lenses (BIF), progressive addition lenses (PAL), and monovision (MV). The reading material was presented at distance and near distance. Results: Reading time and number of fixations for near stimulus were significantly different among vision correction used in this study (p<0.001). In particular, wearing SV required longer reading time and produced longer fixation duration for near text. However, reading distance text was similarity performed across vision corrections tested and there was no statistical difference found for either reading time and number of fixations. Conclusions: Wearing presbyopic vision correction is advantageous for reading task of near stimuli, but not having near correction such as wearing SV could result in longer reading time and higher number of fixation due to lacks of accommodative ability for near task. For the future studies, it would be interesting to examine the performance of reading both at adapted and unadapted stages as examining only unadapted wearers was limitation of this study.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.275-296
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of gaze and the change of the proof learning achievement after learning the analytic method for proof to mathematical gifted students using eye tracking technique. In order to complete the purpose of this study, a mixed method research was used, that is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative analysis was conducted based on the data obtained through the eye tracker, and qualitative analysis was also done using post interview data to make up for the quantitative analysis. The subjects of this study were 8 mathematical gifted 3rd grade middle school students in the gifted education center. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the learning of analysis leads to a change of gaze in the proof learning of students. The students, after learning the analysis, moved their gaze from the bottom to the top when solving the proof problem, and the occupancy rate of the gaze to the bottom of the proof was higher than the higher part. Second, the change of gaze caused by the learning of the analysis have a correlation with the achievement of the proof learning and it can be seen that the method learning improves the achievement of the proof learning of the students.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.343-353
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of two representative subway map design types, namely a diagram type and a geographical type using physiological metrics, performance metrics, and self-reported metrics, which are representative usability metrics. Background: Subway maps need to be designed in order for users to quickly search and recognize subway line information. Although most cities' subway maps currently use the diagram type designed by Henry Beck, New York City's subway map has recently been changed to the subway map type combined with the geographical type designed by Michael Hertz. However, not many studies on its efficiency are found, and the studies that are available mainly depend on questionnaire surveys or take on a subjective behavioral study type based on experts' experiences. In this regard, evaluation through a more objective method is needed. Method: This study employed usability metrics as a method to evaluate the efficiency of information search targeting the diagram type and geographical type subway maps used mostly as subway maps. To this end, physiological metrics obtained through eye tracking, task completion time, representative metric of task performance, and subjective evaluation metrics were used for the suitability evaluation of subway map designs. Results: In the result of gaze movement distance analysis, no significant difference was shown in the two design types in terms of a process finding a departure station from the starting point and a process finding a transfer station between the departure station and arrival station (destination). However, the gaze movement distance in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type. The analysis of task completion time showed a result similar to the gaze movement distance analysis result. Task completion time was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type, which is in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station. In other information search processes, no significant difference was shown. As a result of subjective evaluation metrics analysis, no significant difference was revealed in the two design types. Conclusion: An analysis on the two representative subway map design types was carried out via the adoption of usability metrics. As a result, although no significant difference was shown in some information search processes, it was revealed that information search was easier in the geographical type overall. Also, it was found that usability metrics can be effectively used to evaluate the design types of subway maps. Application: The study results can be used to set design direction to offer ease in information search on subway lines. The study also can be used as a method to evaluate a subway map's design type.