• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.140-151
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to report the effectiveness of a traditional Korean medicine treatment for oculomotor nerve palsy induced by traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. A 54-year-old male patient with oculomotor nerve palsy induced by traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage after a traffic accident was treated with Korean medicine, including acupuncture, electroacupuncture, sweet bee venom pharmacoacupuction, moxibustion, and herbal medicine. The effect of treatment on symptoms - ptosis, and eye movement - was evaluated using a ratio of eye opening and eye movement between the paralyzed eye and the normal eye. After 41 days of treatment, the clinical symptoms had improved. The ptosis and eye movement started to show improvement from day 20; at the time of discharge, ptosis had improved by more than 50%, and eye movement showed some improvement as well. This study suggests that Korean medicine may be an effective treatment for oculomotor nerve palsy induced by traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2017

■ Objective This is a case report about monocular abducens nerve palsy in a patient with pontine infarction. ■ Method At the time of onset, the patient had eye movement impairment in right eye and diplopia. Brain MRI image showed that there was an infarction in the right pons where the nucleus of abducens nerve is located. There was no obvious improvement in the eye movement before he received Korean medicine treatment. He recieved Korean medicine including acupuncture, electroacupuncture, pharmacoacupuncture and herb medicines for fifty three days. ■ Result After treatment, the movement of right eye was improved to a normal range. The difference in distance from 'center of the pupil' to 'external canthus of the eye' at maximum abducent in both eye changed 0.9cm to 0.1cm at the discharge. In addition, Diplopia was improved at the discharge. ■ Conclusion This case report demonstrated that the Korean medicine treatment is effective to diplopia and eye movement impairment from abducens nerve palsy caused by pontine infarction.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1999

This study was done to examine whether cigarette smoking improved smooth pursuit eye movement(SPEM) abnormalities in chronic schizophrenic inpatients. Fifteen schizophrenic and twelve alcoholic subjects abstained from their usual cigarette smoking for a minimum of nine hours and their baseline performances during the constant velocity smooth pursuit tasks were assessed. Then, the subjects smoked as much as they desired in a 10 minutes period and were retested immediately after smoking and 15 minutes after smoking. Electrooculographic recordings during the eye movements were converted and saved as digitized files. Power spectral density curves and natural logarithm value of signal/noise(Ln S/N) ratios were computed from them. In the schizophrenic patients, Ln S/N ratios increased significantly immediately after smoking compared to baseline. But, Ln S/N ratios showed no statistically significant changes after 15 minutes compared to baseline. In alcoholic subjects, Ln S/N ratios showed no statistically significant changes immediately after smoking and after 15 minutes compared to baseline. In conclusion, SPEM was improved in schizophrenic patients immediately after smoking and we hypothesized that nicotinic receptor dysfunction maybe a candidate mechanism for smooth pursuit eye movement abnormalities in schizophrenia.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.305-319
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• 2017

삼각형 높이를 찾는 과정에서 눈 움직임 데이터를 통해 학생들의 삼각형 높이에 대한 이해와 그에 대한 삼각형 유형별, 배치별 인지부하 알아보고자 하였다. 6학년 26명 학생들을 대상으로 콘텐츠를 활용한 수업을 진행하고, 사전 사후검사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 삼각형 높이에 대한 삼각형 유형별, 배치별 문항에서 사전 검사에 대해 사후검사에서 정답률이 크게 상승하였으며, 아울러 각 문항별 AOI(Area of Interest)에서 시선 데이터의 빈도(FC)와 머무름(FD)이 사후검사에서 더 적게 나타났다. 주관적 인지부하는 밑변이 지면에 평행한 삼각형 보다는 회전된 삼각형 배치에서 더 높게 나타났으며, 시선 추적 데이터에서는 직각삼각형과 예각삼각형의 회전 배치된 쪽에서 더 많은 빈도와 더 많은 머무름이 감지되었다. 이를 통해 시선추적 기술은 교수설계의 피드백을 위한 학생들의 인지적 부하의 객관적인 측정을 제공할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the control process to satisfy spatial and temporal constraints imposed upon the anticipation timing response by analyzing the effect of spatio-temporal accuracy demands on eye movements, response accuracy, and the coupling of eye and hand movements. Research design, data, and methodology: 12 right-handed male subjects participated in the experiment and performed anticipation timing responses toward a stimulus moving at three velocities (0.53m/s, 0.66m/s, 0.88m/s) in two task constraint conditions (temporal constraint, spatial constraint). During the response, response accuracy and eye movement patterns were measured from which timing and radial errors, the latency of saccade, fixation duration of the point of gaze (POG), distance between the POG and stimulus, and spatio-temporal coupling of the POG and hand were calculated. Results: The timing and radial errors increased with increasing stimulus velocity, and the spatio-temporal constraints led to larger timing errors than the temporal constraints. The latency of saccade and the temporal coupling of eye and hand decreased with increasing stimulus velocity and were shorter and longer respectively in the spatio-temporal constraint condition than in the temporal constraint condition. The fixation duration of the POG also decreased with increasing stimulus velocity, but no difference was shown between task constraint conditions. The distance between the POG and stimulus increased with increasing stimulus velocity and was longer in the temporal constraint condition compared to the spatio-temporal constraint condition. The spatial coupling of eye and hand was larger with the velocity 0.88m/s than those in other velocity conditions. Conclusions: These results suggest that differences in eye movement patterns and spatio-temporal couplings of stimulus, eye and hand by task constraints are closely related with the accuracy of anticipation timing responses, and the spatial constraints imposed may decrease the temporal accuracy of response by increasing the complexity of perception-action coupling.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2020

Deep Learning has become the most important technology in the field of artificial intelligence machine learning, with its high performance overwhelming existing methods in various applications. In this paper, an interactive window service based on object recognition technology is proposed. The main goal is to implement an object recognition technology using this deep learning technology to remove the existing eye tracking technology, which requires users to wear eye tracking devices themselves, and to implement an eye tracking technology that uses only usual cameras to track users' eye. We design an interactive system based on efficient eye detection and pupil tracking method that can verify the user's eye movement. To estimate the view-direction of user's eye, we initialize to make the reference (origin) coordinate. Then the view direction is estimated from the extracted eye pupils from the origin coordinate. Also, we propose a blink detection technique based on the eye apply ratio (EAR). With the extracted view direction and eye action, we provide some augmented information of interest without the existing complex and expensive eye-tracking systems with various service topics and situations. For verification, the user guiding service is implemented as a proto-type model with the school map to inform the location information of the desired location or building.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.234-239
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• 2004

This paper describes preliminary results we have obtained in developing a computer vision system based on active IR illumination for real time gaze tracking for interactive graphic display. Unlike most of the existing gaze tracking techniques, which often require assuming a static head to work well and require a cumbersome calibration process fur each person, our gaze tracker can perform robust and accurate gaze estimation without calibration and under rather significant head movement. This is made possible by a new gaze calibration procedure that identifies the mapping from pupil parameters to screen coordinates using the Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN). With GRNN, the mapping does not have to be an analytical function and head movement is explicitly accounted for by the gaze mapping function. Furthermore, the mapping function can generalize to other individuals not used in the training. The effectiveness of our gaze tracker is demonstrated by preliminary experiments that involve gaze-contingent interactive graphic display.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2016

Objective: This study aims to examine domestic literature on eye-tracking in the design area, and to present new eye-tracking application directions. Background: Eye-tracking was introduced in the experimental psychology field for the first time in the 1950s. Eye-tracking has high utilization values in the design application area because eye-tracking can accumulate data on what people see, providing the quantitative values on eye movement. Method: This study examined the papers published in domestic journals, as well as the papers presented in conferences from 2000 to 2016 through DBPIA. Results: Although the use of eye-tracking technology was slightly meager in the product design area, it has been actively used for the evaluation analyses of preference and attention in architecture/public design. Eye-tracking also presented a method to design advertisement that is helpful to advertisement effect measurement, and product salesin the advertisement design area. Since detail psychological analysis is possible, the application of eye-tracking in the studies related with user interface has been active. Conclusion: The eye-tracking technology is projected to be actively used as a new interface means, such as in helping in disabled people's communication and in device control, in addition to conventional application areas. Application: This study would be of help to find future research areas of eye-tracking.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2004

본 연구는 사용자의 시지각 프로세스에 대한 분석을 통해 시선추적 과정을 이해하고, 인간의 정보처리 모델을 기반으로 휴리스틱 가이드라인을 도출하여, 실무에서 적용할 수 있는 인터페이스 디자인의 일반적인 원리를 발견하는 것에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 인간의 시각 특성을 이용한 시선추적 시스템을 실험에 적용하여, 상향처리와 하향처리의 시지각 프로세스를 파악하고 인간의 정보처리 모델을 근거로 디자인을 위한 적용점을 분석하였다. 사례 연구로 인터랙티브 미디어를 실험하여 시선의 동선 및 고정점을 통해 사용자의 관심을 확인하고, 사용자의 인지과정을 이해하기 위한 단서를 효과적으로 얻을 수 있었다 그리고, 인간 행위의 각 단계와 정보처리 모델을 기반으로 다섯 가지의 휴리스틱 가이드라인을 도출하였으며, 이를 통하여 디자인 실무에서 직접 적용할 수 있는 인터페이스 디자인의 일반적인 원칙을 발견할 수 있었다.

• 인지과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2004

추적 눈 운동 동안에 순간적으로 노출되는 표적의 위치는 표적 주위에 참조자극이 존재하지 않을 때에 일반적으로 눈 운동 방향으로 왜곡되어 지각된다. 본 연구는 안정적이고 정적인 참조자극이 존재하는 경우에 순간적으로 노출되는 표적의 참조자극에 대한 상대적인 위치가 얼마나 정확하게 지각되는지를 검증하였다. 참조자극에 대한 표적의 상대적인 위치가 왜곡되게 지각되었으며 상대적인 위치 지각 왜곡의 양상이 참조자극과 표적의 상대적인 위치에 따라서 체계적으로 변화하였다. 동일한 실험결과가 추적 눈 운동의 방향이 상이하거나 참조자극과 표적의 다양한 물리적인 거리 조건에서도 일관되게 관찰되었다. 본 연구의 실험결과가 위치지각에 관하여 제안된 기존의 이론에 의해 어떻게 설명될 수 있는지를 논의하였다.