• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.127-138
• /
• 2011

The style which is created by grafting the characteristics of goth onto haute couture designer works is called 'Haute goth'. The purpose of this study is to analyze the modem Goth fashion style based on Goth's historical background and characteristics. Also, I investigated the aesthetic characteristics of haute goth style appeared from the work of haute couture designers. Goth means a member of East Germanic people who invaded and settled in the Roman Empire from the 3rd to the 5th century. Goth style had been developed to the medieval European architecture style or the literature style of 18th~19th centuries and later it was reappeared in the gothic band in the late 20th century. Goth fashion shows the characteristics of the medieval times and Victorian times mixed with punk and fetish style. Goth fashion is expressed with the images of fear, darkness, mystique, dandy and eroticism. 'Dark esthetics' is realized through black clothes, pale complexion and silver accessories. Many designers like Alexander McQueen and John Galliano designed 'haute goth fashion' in various ways. The characteristics of 'haute goth' can be summarized in four things. It creates new images, seeks various changes and pursuits newness. It upgrades a street look style gothic fashion to a luxury high fashion and the creative design with artistic value. It also shows an experimental sprit by using a unique shapes, silhouettes, different materials and extreme images or creating new combination through the mismatch of opposite objects or emotions. Although it is rooted in the past because of the influences by late medieval times, Victorian times and Edwardian times, it displays enough of future-oriented historicism designs.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.45-57
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to derive optimal design floods by Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution for the annual maximum series at ten watersheds along Han, Nagdong, Geum, Yeongsan and Seomjin river systems. Adequacy for the analysis of flood data used in this study was established by the tests of Independence, Homogeneity, detection of Outliers. L-coefficient of variation, L-skewness and L-kurtosis were calculated by L-moment ratio respectively. Parameters were estimated by the Methods of Moments and L-Moments. Design floods obtained by Methods of Moments and L-Moments using different methods for plotting positions in GEV distribution were compared by the Relative Mean Errors(RME) and Relative Absolute Errors(RAE). The results were analyzed and summarized as follows. 1. Adequacy for the analysis of flood data was acknowledged by the tests of Independence, Homogeneity and detection of Outliers. 2. GEV distribution used in this study was found to be more suitable one than Pearson type 3 distribution by the goodness of fit test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and L-Moment ratios diagram in the applied watersheds. 3. Parameters for GEV distribution were estimated using Methods of Moments and L-Moments. 4. Design floods were calculated by Methods of Moments and L-Moments in GEV distribution. 5. It was found that design floods derived by the method of L-Moments using Weibull plotting position formula in GEV distribution are much closer to those of the observed data in comparison with those obtained by method of moments using different formulas for plotting positions from the viewpoint of Relative Mean Errors and Relative Absolute Errors.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.33-44
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate the design flood by the determination of best fitting order for LH-moments of the annual maximum series at fifteen watersheds. Using the LH-moment ratios and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the optimal regional probability distribution was identified to be the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) in the first report of this project. Parameters of GEV distribution and flood flows of return period n years were derived by the methods of L, L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments. Frequency analysis of flood flow data generated by Monte Carlo simulation was performed by the methods of L, L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments using GEV distribution. Relative Root Mean Square Error. (RRMSE), Relative Bias (RBIAS) and Relative Efficiency (RE.) using methods of L, Ll , L2, L3 and L4-moments for GEV distribution were computed and compared with those resulting from Monte Carlo simulation. At almost all of the watersheds, the more the order of LH-moments and the return periods increased, the more RE became, while the less RRMSE and RBIAS became. The Absolute Relative Reduction (ARR) for the design flood was computed. The more the order of LH-moments increased, the less ARR of all applied watershed became It was confirmed that confidence efficiency of estimated design flood was increased as the order of LH-moments increased. Consequently, design floods for the appled watersheds were derived by the methods of L3 and L4-moments among LH-moments in view of high confidence efficiency.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제52권12호
• /
• pp.1001-1009
• /
• 2019

최근 우리나라에서 폭설이 증가하고 있으며, 이로 인한 피해액 또한 증가하고 있다. 우리나라는 전국적으로 폭설로 인한 피해를 줄이기 위해 내설 설계기준 마련 등의 노력을 하고 있으나, 강설 자료의 특성으로 기준 설정에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 남부 지역에 있는 진주, 창원, 합천 지점의 적설량에 대한 수문통계학적 빈도분석을 수행하여 최심신적설량에 대한 설계수문량을 정량적으로 산정하였다. 자료의 특성상 연도별 측정값이 '0'인 경우가 존재하여 기존의 빈도분석 방법을 적용할 경우 매개변수의 추정이 불가능한 상황도 발생한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 혼합분포함수를 이용하였고, 분포모형으로는 대수정규, 일반화 파레토, 일반화 극치, 감마, 검벨, 와이블 분포를 적용하였다. 적용 결과, 단일분포함수를 적용할 때 보다 혼합분포함수를 적용할 때 확률적설심이 더 작게 산정되었으며, 전체적으로 관측값이 간헐적으로 나타나는 지점에서 혼합분포함수의 적용성이 우수한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.26-38
• /
• 2020

설계파고 추정에 사용한 AM 자료의 IID 가정에 대한 검정을 수행하였다. 검정은 독립 검정, 분포 차이 검정으로 구분하고, 각각의 검정은 태풍, 비태풍 조건에서의 연안 격자, 연안 내부격자 각각 210개, 310개 지점의 AM 자료 세트를 대상으로 수행하였다. 독립 검정 결과, 비태풍, 태풍 자료 세트에 대하여 각각 1.8~5.3%, 1.4~6.0% 범위의 기각 비율을 보여, 대부분의 자료가 독립 검정을 만족하는 것으로 파악되었다. 한편 태풍 자료와 비태풍 자료의 분포 차이 검정은 연안 격자와 연안 내부격자 모두 검정 방법에 따라 47~79% 범위로 동일분포 가설이 기각되는 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서 극치해석에 의한 설계파고 추정에서 두 자료를 구분하여 각각 설계파고를 추정하는 과정이 적절하다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.485-496
• /
• 2013

2001년 9.11테러로 인한 미국 세계무역센터 및 미국 국방성 펜타곤이 붕괴된 이후, 전 세계적으로 충돌, 폭발 등의 극한하중에 의한 테러가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 극한하중에 의한 구조물의 거동에 대한 사회적 불안감은 더욱 증가되고 있다. 그러나 지금까지의 사회기반시설구조물에는 폭발 및 충돌 등과 같은 극한하중에 대한 방호 및 방재개념을 설계에 고려하지 못하고 있는 실정이며, 원전격납건물, 가스탱크, 교량, 터널 등에 널리 사용되는 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 구조물에 대한 극한하중 연구는 전 세계적으로 미흡하다. 충돌과 같은 극한하중은 집약된 에너지의 급작스런 방출로 인한 높은 충돌압력을 형성하므로, 극한하중의 특성 및 전파 메커니즘을 이해하는 것이 필요하다. 그러므로 이 연구에서는 이방향 비부착 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 패널의 충돌저항성능을 비교검토하기 위하여, $1400mm{\times}1000mm{\times}300mm$의 철근콘크리트(RC), 프리스트레스 텐던으로만 보강된 콘크리트(PS), 프리스트레스 텐던과 철근으로 보강된 콘크리트(PSR, 일반적인 PSC) 시편을 제작하였다. 실험 조건에 맞춰 14 kN의 추를 10 m, 5 m, 4 m 높이에서 낙하하는 예비 실험과 3.5 m 높이의 본 실험으로 구성하여 충돌하중에 대한 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 구조물의 실험적 평가를 수행하였다. 또한, 충돌실험을 위한 기본적인 실험 구성 및 계측시스템을 구축하였다. 충돌 저항성능은 균열형상, 손상면적, 에너지 흡수, 처짐, 변형률, 가속도 등의 충돌에 의한 계측데이터를 이용한 거동분석 뿐만 아니라, 충돌 후 잔류구조성능 실험을 수행하여 이방향 비부착 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 패널의 충돌저항성능을 검토하였다. 본 실험은 향후 국내외 프리스트레스트 콘크리트에 대한 충돌 방호설계 및 충돌해석 등 관련 연구분야의 기초자료가 될 것이라고 판단되는 바이다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.395-416
• /
• 2013

The magneto-rheological (MR) damper contributes to the new technology of structural vibration control. Its developments and applications have been paid significant attentions in earthquake engineering in recent years. Due to the shortages, however, inherent in deterministic control schemes where only several observed seismic accelerations are used as the trivial input and in classical stochastic optimal control theory with assumption of white noise process, the derived control policy cannot effectively accommodate the performance of randomly base-excited engineering structures. In this paper, the experimental and analytical studies on stochastic seismic response control of structures with specifically designed MR dampers are carried out. The random ground motion, as the base excitation posing upon the shaking table and the design load used for structural control system, is represented by the physically based stochastic ground motion model. Stochastic response analysis and reliability assessment of the tested structure are performed using the probability density evolution method and the theory of extreme value distribution. It is shown that the seismic response of the controlled structure with MR dampers gain a significant reduction compared with that of the uncontrolled structure, and the structural reliability is obviously strengthened as well.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.108-117
• /
• 1979

In order to obtain the basic data for design of water structures which can be contributed to the planning of water use. Best fitted distribution function and the equations for the probable minimum flow were derived to the annual minimum flow of five subwatersheds along Geum River basin. The result were analyzed and summarized as follows. 1. Type III extremal distribution was considered as a best fit one among some other distributions such as exponential and two parameter lognormal distribution by $x^2$-goodness of fit test. 2. The minimum flow are analyzed by Type III extremal distribution which contains a shape parameter $\lambda$, a location parameter ${\beta}$ and a minimum drought $\gamma$. If a minimum drought $\gamma=0$, equations for the probable minimum flow, $D_T$, were derived as $D_T={\beta}e^{\lambda}1^{y'}$, with two parameters and as $D_T=\gamma+(\^{\beta}-\gamma)e^{{\lambda}y'}$ with three parameters in case of a minimum drought ${\gamma}>0$ respectively. 3. Probable minimum flow following the return periods for each stations were also obtained by above mentioned equations. Frequency curves for each station are drawn in the text. 4. Mathematical equation with three parameters is more suitable one than that of two parameters if much difference exist between the maximum and the minimum value among observed data.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.85-97
• /
• 2020

The accurate estimation of the buffeting response of a bridge pylon is related to the quality of the bridge construction. To evaluate the influence of wind field characteristics on the buffeting response of a pylon in a trumpet-shaped mountain pass, this paper deduced a multimodal coupled buffeting frequency domain calculation method for a variable-section bridge tower under the twisted wind profile condition based on quasi-steady theory. Through the long-term measurement of the wind field of the trumpet-shaped mountain pass, the wind characteristics were studied systematically. The effects of the wind characteristics, wind yaw angles, mean wind speeds, and wind profiles on the buffeting response were discussed. The results show that the mean wind characteristics are affected by the terrain and that the wind profile is severely twisted. The optimal fit distribution of the monthly and annual maximum wind speeds is the log-logistic distribution, and the generalized extreme value I distribution may underestimate the return wind speed. The design wind characteristics will overestimate the buffeting response of the pylon. The buffeting response of the pylon is obviously affected by the wind yaw angle and mean wind speed. To accurately estimate the buffeting response of the pylon in an actual construction, it is necessary to consider the twisted effect of the wind profile.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.366-366
• /
• 2012

확률강우량은 하천설계, 수자원설계 및 계획을 위한 기초자료로 활용되며 최근 이상기후 및 기후변화로 인한 극치강우의 빈도 및 양적 증가로 인한 확률강우량 산정의 불확실성 분석에 대한 관심이 크게 증가하고 있다. 수문빈도 해석에 있어서 대부분 지역이 50년 이하의 수문자료가 이용되고 있으며 수문설계에서 요구되는 50년 이상의 확률강수량 추정시에는 상당한 불확실성을 내포하고 있다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구에서는 자료연수에 따른 Sampling Error와 분포형의 매개변수의 불확실성을 고려한 해석모형을 구축하고자 한다. 빈도해석에서 매개변수를 추정하기 위해서는 일반적으로 모멘트법, 최우도법, 확률가중모멘트법이 이용되고 있으나 사용되는 분포형에 따라서 통계학적으로 불확실성 구간을 정량화하는 과정이 난해할 뿐만 아니라 극치 수문자료가 Thick-Tailed분포의 특성을 가짐에도 불구하고 신뢰구간 산정시 정규분포로 가정하는 등 기존 해석 방법에는 많은 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 매개변수의 불확실성 평가에 있어서 우수한 해석능력을 발휘하는 Bayesian기법을 도입하여 분포형의 매개변수를 추정하고 매개변수 추정과 관련된 불확실성을 평가하고자 한다. 이와 별개로 자료연한에 따른 Sampling Error를 추정하기 위해서 Bootstrapping 기반의 해석모형을 구축하고자 하며 최종적으로 빈도해석시에 나타나는 불확실성을 종합적으로 검토하였다. 빈도해석을 위한 확률분포형으로 GEV(generalized extreme value)분포를 이용하였으며 Gibbs 샘플러를 활용한 Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo 모의를 기본 해석모형으로 활용하였다.