• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish the best optimized extraction condition for the optimal development of fresh maca beverage using low temperature extraction and enzyme treatment. Low temperatures were applied to prevent heat-related nutritional loss during the extraction process. Best extraction conditions were investigated based on the ratio of maca to water, the ratio of enzymes, extraction temperature and time, and agitation. The optimal enzyme conditions were also examined after the treatment of cellulase:pectinase mixture to maintain the original color and flavor, as well as to increase the extraction yield. When cellulase:pectinase was 1:1, the extraction rate ranged from 77.84 to 79.29%. In addition, the best extraction rate was found when maca was mixed with twice volume of water and incubated at $45^{\circ}C$ ($84.05{\pm}0.32%$) with 90 rpm ($87.13{\pm}0.46%$) agitation for 3 hours ($84.73{\pm}0.29%$). Furthermore, sensory evaluation showed a high score in flavor, sweetness, and overall acceptability after adding 3% jujube concentrate into a fresh maca beverage.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2017

Background: The present study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to maximize extraction yields of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice. Methods: The optimal extraction temperature ($X_1$), extraction time ($X_2$), and methanol concentration ($X_3$) were identified using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used for experimental design and analysis of the results to obtain the optimal processing parameters. Results: Statistical analyses revealed that three variables and the quadratic of $X_1$, $X_2$, and $X_3$ had significant effects on the yields and were followed by significant interaction effects between the variables of $X_2$ and $X_3$ (p<0.01). A 3D response surface plot and contour plots derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. The optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, $69^{\circ}C$; extraction time, 34?min; and methanol concentration, 57%. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of glycyrrhizic acid was 3.414%, which agreed closely with the predicted value (3.406%). Conclusion: The experimental values agreed with those predicted by RSM models, thus indicating the suitability of the model employed and the success of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2014

인진쑥(Artemisia capillaris Thunbl)의 항산화적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 반응표면분석법에 의하여 열수추출특성을 모니터링하여 최적 추출조건을 설정하였다. 총 페놀성화합물 함량에 대한 최적조건은 $94.50^{\circ}C$, 2.06 hr 및 시료에 대한 용매비 25.03 ml/g, 전자공여능에 대한 최적조건은 $91.82^{\circ}C$, 2.90 hr 및 20.88 ml/g으로 나타났고, 아질산염 소거능(pH 1.2)에 대한 최적조건은 $97.36^{\circ}C$, 2.75 hr 및 15.19 ml/g등으로 각각 나타났다. 각 변수에 대한 회귀식을 도출하여 인진쑥의 총 페놀성화합물 함량, 전자공여능 및 아질산염 소거능(pH 1.2)에 대한 최적 추출조건을 superimposing 한 결과, 추출온도 $90{\sim}95^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 2.5~3.5 hr 및 시료에 대한 용매비 17~24 ml/g의 범위로 각각 예측되었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2022

To assess the feasibility of silk sericin for non-textile application, the storage stability and biological safety of sericin were examined. It was extracted at 37℃, 70℃, 100℃, and 121℃ for 1, 3, and 5 h to elucidate the effect of extraction condition on the stability and safety of silk sericin. The solubility was increased till approximately 26% with extraction temperature of 121℃ for 1 h. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the molecular weight distribution depended on the extraction conditions. Extracted sericin displayed typical UV absorption bands upon spectrometric analysis. To examine the reproducibility of its obtained conformation, sericin was extracted thrice and its circular dichroism (CD) spectra was measured each time. Most CD spectra showed reproducibility regardless of temperature and time except under 100℃ extraction condition. The diversity of CD spectrum showed gradual reduction and was finally coincident with extraction time from 1 to 5 h. Notably, sericin has a negative peak of approximately 200 nm attributed to random coil conformation, regardless of extraction condition. However, at the 100℃ extraction condition, sericin showed both bands to be negative bands of approximately 200 and 220 nm, respectively. Sericin was centrifuged to determine the stability of storage conditions. The sericin extracted at 100℃ and 121℃ for 1 h was found to form gel rapidly within 1 h, but at 121℃ condition, the gel fraction was approximately 20% within 1 h which retained its phase regardless of storage time. The gel fraction of sericin extracted at 100℃ for 5 h increased with time, however at the 121℃ for 5 h condition, the gel fraction was measured to be less than 10% regardless of increase in storage time. Petriflim^TM AC plates test showed that sericin was safe from aerobic bacteria activity by extraction under high temperature.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 쌍화차의 품질 향상과 수율 증대를 위해 쌍화 추출물의 최적 추출조건을 설정하고, 설정된 조건으로 추출한 쌍화 추출물의 품질 특성의 차이를 확인하여 다류 제조에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 추출조건에 따른 쌍화 추출물의 수율은 추출온도 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 추출용매의 주정농도가 50%일 때 그 수율이 가장 높았으며, 추출용매의 주정농도가 올라갈수록 추출 수율이 높게 나타났다. 추출온도 8$0^{\circ}C$와 9$0^{\circ}C$일 때 추출용매의 주정농도가 30%이상에서는 용매의 주정농도가 높아져도 수율의 증가가 둔화되는 경향을 보였는데, 주정농도가 높아질수록 생산원가가 높아져 제품의 경제성을 감안할 때 추출온도를 8$0^{\circ}C$이상으로 높일 경우 주정농도는 30%가 적정한 것으로 판단된다. 쌍화 추출물의 고형분의 함량은 추출온도가 올라 갈수록, 주정농도가 높을수록 대체로 고형분의 함량이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 유기산의 산도는 추출온도 60∼7$0^{\circ}C$에서 주정농도 50%일 때 각각 1.28%, 1.27%로 가장 높았으며, 주정함량의 증가에 따라 산도도 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 온도증가에는 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났지만 온도가 더욱 높아진 80∼9$0^{\circ}C$에서는 60∼7$0^{\circ}C$에서 나타난 현상과는 달리 산도가 증감을 반복하여 주정농도와 추출온도에 따른 변화는 일정하지 않았다. 추출물의 pH는 산도에서 나타났던 결과와는 반대의 경향을 보였는데, 이는 유기산 산도에 의한 pH 저하 현상으로 볼 수 있다. 쌍화 추출물의 물 불용성 침전물은 추출온도와 주정농도가 높을수록 물 불용성 침전물의 양이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 주정농도가 30%이상에서 물 불용성 침전물의 양이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났는데, 이 물질의 과다 발생은 품질과 수율 저하를 발생시킨다. 주정농도가 30%일 때 물 불용성 침전물이 추출온도 8$0^{\circ}C$ 및 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 각각 1.64%, 1.69%로 주정농도 30%이하에서 나타난 수치와 크게 차이가 없으므로 주정농도는 30%가 적정하다고 볼 수 있다. 비중은 추출온도와 주정농도와 관계없이 추출조건별 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과에서와 같이 쌍화추출물의 추출조건은 추출온도를 9$0^{\circ}C$로 하여 추출용매의 주정농도를 30%로 설정하는 것이 적정한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2016

The influence of extraction temperature, powder concentration, and extraction time on the antioxidant properties of aqueous ginger extract was investigated. The possibility of estimating the antioxidant properties of the extract from its absorbance and colour properties was also investigated. Results indicated that powder concentration was the most significant factor to consider in optimizing antioxidant extraction. However, temperature and time still influenced the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity while extraction temperature influenced the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the extract. Using the total phenol content, total flavonoid content, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract, the multiresponse optimization condition for extraction of antioxidant based on the experimental range studied is $96^{\circ}C$, 2.10 g/100 mL, and 90 min. The absorbance of the ginger extract at 610 nm could be exploited for rapid estimation of its total flavonoid and polyphenol with a $R^2$ of 0.713 and 0.753, respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.824-829
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• 2002

석회수 침지와 중화과정을 거친 닭발의 젤라틴 추출조건을 확립하기 위하여 추출온도와 시간을 달리하여 닭발에서 젤라틴을 추출하고 수율 및 이화학적 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 제라틴의 수율은 추출온도 및 시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나 젤라틴 sol의 점도나 gel의 경도는 일정 온도와 시간까지 증가하다가 그 이후에 다시 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이화학적 특성에 기초하여 결정된 젤라틴의 최적 추출온도 및 시간은 $73^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 40분이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2001

The characteristics of precipitation separation and solvent extraction separation of magnesium from the waste bittern were studied experimentally In the result of precipitation separation, the size of magnesium hydroxide precipitated was not affected on pH, but decreased with increasing the precipitation temperature. The purity of magnesium oxide precipitated was increased with pH beyond pH 11. From the solvent extraction separation, the equilibrium extraction ratio of magnesium was increased with pH and temperature of extraction phase, the concentration of stripping phase, and with decreasing pH of stripping phase. The extractant of Aliquat 336 and Acid 810 mixture was more effective than that of DCH18C6 and $D_2EHPA$ mixture in the extraction separation of magnesium.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.867-871
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• 2009

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of antioxidant capacity in gardenia extracts. The antioxidant capacities of gardenia fruit extracts were investigated by ferric reducing ability (FRA) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity (RSA) assays. The optimum extraction parameters for the strongest antioxidant capacity were the ethanol concentration (EtOH) of 48.9%, extraction temperature of $72.9^{\circ}C$, and extraction time of 29.9 min. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the quadratics of EtOH and extraction temperature had highly significant effect on the antioxidant capacity (p<0.001). The antioxidant capacity was correlated with contents of bioactive components [crocin, geniposide, and total phenolic (TP) compounds] in gardenia extracts and mainly attributed to the content of the TP compounds.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1880-1884
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• 2007

This study was conducted to find the optimum extraction condition of Gold-Thread for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans using The evolutionary operation-factorial design technique. Higher antibacterial activity was achieved in a higher extraction temperature ($R^2=-0.79$) and in a longer extraction time ($R^2=-0.71$). Antibacterial activity was not affected by differentiation of the ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent ($R^2=-0.12$). The maximum antibacterial activity of clove against S. mutans determined by the EVOP-factorial technique was obtained at $80^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature, 26 h extraction time, and 50% ethanol concentration. The population of S. mutans decreased from 6.110 logCFU/ml in the initial set to 4.125 logCFU/ml in the third set.