• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2019

Objectives : When herbal medicines are extracted together, they may interact with each other, leading to change of chemical characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Atractylodes rhizomes (Atractylodes japonica, A. macrocephala, and A. chinensis) on the chemical features of the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, which is are commonly combined with herbal medicines in many herbal formulae, when they are co-decocted. Methods : Liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, ononin, and glycyrrhizin levels of G. uralensis in hot-water extracts prepared by the combination of Atractylodes rhizomes with various weight ratios (G. uralensis : Atractylodes rhizomes = 10:0, 10:5, 10:10, and 10:20) and extraction times (60, 90, and 120 min) were quantified using a HPLC-diode array detector and compared by statistical analysis. Results : The concentrations of liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, ononin, and glycyrrhizin from G. uralensis roots and rhizomes mostly reduced when co-extracted with Atractylodes rhizomes, and the addition of A. chinensis most reduced their contents between Atractylodes combination groups. A. japonica and A. macrocephala rhizomes also showed differences of liquiritin and glycyrrhizin levels at 10 g and 20 g groups of Atractylodes rhizomes. Extraction times also affected the concentrations of liquiritin, ononin, and glycyrrhizin mostly during 60 and 90 min. Conclusions : Atractylodes rhizomes might alter the chemical characteristics of G. uralensis when these herbs are co-decocted. This study provides the understanding of the chemical interactions of herbal medicines during the extraction in hot water.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.528-530
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• 2000

This paper presents a database for extraction of area load characteristics. The database is constructed by the acquired load data, the items of transformer and customers in KEPCO. The acquired load data is acquired from sample distribution transformer that selected as a sample. Finally, we present the daily, weekly and monthly load characteristics of commercial and residential are extracted as using database.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2009

An RF test structure is proposed and its applicability is confirmed by measuring DC characteristics and high frequency characteristics. Effective mobility extraction is also performed to confirm the validity of proposed test structure. The area of suggested test structure consumed on wafer was decreased by more than 50% and its characteristics do not be degraded compared with conventional structure.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.607-612
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• 1994

The static and dynamic model of IGBT for the SPICE simulation has been successfully developed. The various circuit model parameters are extracted from the I-V and C-V characteristics of IGBT and implemented into our model. The static model of IGBT consists of the MOSFET, bipolar transistor and series resistance. The parameters to be extracted are the threshold voltage of MOSFET, current gain $\beta$ of bipolar transistor, and the series resistance. They can be extracted from the measured I-V characteristics curve. The C-V characteristics between the terminals are very important parameters to determine the turn-on and turn-off waveform. Especially, voltage dependent capacitance are polynomially approximated to obtain the exact turn-on and turn-off waveforms. The SPICE simulation results employing new model agree well with the experimental values.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.87-95
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• 1998

This study proposes the analysis and evaluation method of time series ultrasonic signal using the attractor analysis. Features extracted from time series signal analyze quantitatively characteristics of welding defects. For this purpose, analysis objective in this study is fractal dimension and attractor Quadrant feature. Trajectory changes in the attractor indicated that even the same type of defects carried substantial difference in fractal characteristics resulting from distance shifts such as parts of head and flange. Such differences in characteristics of weld defects enables the evaluation of unique features of defects in the weld zone. In quantitative fractal feature extraction, feature values of 3.848 in the case of part of head(crack) and 4.102 in the case of part of web(side hale) and 3.711 in the case of part of flange(crack) were proposed on the basis of fractal dimensions. Proposed attractor feature extraction in this study can enhance the precision rate of ultrasonic evalaution for defect signals of rail weld zone such as side hole and crack.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

This study proposed a Sasang constitution classification system that can increase the objectivity and reliability of Sasang constitution diagnosis using the image of frontal face, in order to solve problems in the subjective classification of Sasang constitution based on Sasang constitution specialists' experiences. For classification, characteristics indicating the shapes of the eyes, nose, mouth and chin were defined, and such characteristics were extracted using the morphological statistic analysis of face images. Then, Sasang constitution was classified through a SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier using the extracted characteristics as its input, and according to the results of experiment, the proposed system showed a correct recognition rate of 93.33%. Different from existing systems that designate characteristic points directly, this system showed a high correct recognition rate and therefore it is expected to be useful as a more objective Sasang constitution classification system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1620-1632
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• 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCMF) on muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs and the effects of the formula's extract (distilled water, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extraction) on porcine cell proliferation and isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) gene expression in myocytes. Methods: In a completely randomized design, ninety pigs were assigned to three diets with five replications per treatment and six pigs per pen. The diets included the basal diet (control group), TCMF1 (basal diet+2.5 g/kg TCMF) and TCMF2 (basal diet+5 g/kg TCMF). The psoas major muscle was obtained from pigs at the end of the experiment. Muscle fiber characteristics in the psoas major muscle were analyzed using myosin ATPase staining. Cell proliferation was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye and cytometry. Isoforms of MyHC gene expression were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The final body weight and carcass weight of finishing pigs were increased by TCMF1 (p<0.05), while the psoas major muscle cross-sectional area was increased by TCMF (p<0.05). The cross-sectional area and diameter of psoas major muscle fiber Ι, IIA, and IIB were increased by TCMF2 (p<0.05). The cross-sectional area and fiber diameter of psoas major muscle fiber IIA and IIB were increased by diet supplementation with TCMF1 (p<0.05). Psoas major muscle fiber IIA and IIB fiber density from the pigs fed the TCMF1 diet and the type IIB fiber density from the pigs fed the TCMF2 diet were lower compared to pigs fed the control diet (p<0.05). Pigs fed TCMF2 had a higher composition of type Ι fiber and a lower percentage of type IIB fiber in the psoas major muscle (p<0.05). The expression levels of MyHC Ι, MyHC IIa, and MyHC IIx mRNA increased and the amount of MyHC IIb mRNA decreased in the psoas major muscle from TCMF2, whereas MyHC Ι and MyHC IIx mRNA increased in the psoas major muscle from TCMF1 (p<0.05). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ $coactivator-1{\alpha}$ and CaN mRNA expression in the psoas major muscle were up-regulated by TCMF (p<0.05). Porcine skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation was promoted by $4{\mu}g/mL$ and $20{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF water extraction (p<0.05). Both $1{\mu}g/mL$ and $5{\mu}g/mL$ of TCMF water extraction increased MyHC IIa, MyHC IIb, and MyHC IIx mRNA expression in porcine myocytes (p<0.05), while MyHC Ι mRNA expression in porcine myocytes was decreased by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF water extraction (p<0.05). Porcine myocyte MyHC Ι and MyHC IIx mRNA expression were increased, and MyHC IIa and MyHC IIb mRNA expression were down-regulated by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF ethyl acetate extraction (p<0.05). MyHC Ι and MyHC IIa mRNA expression in porcine myocytes were increased, and the MyHC IIb mRNA expression was decreased by $1{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF ethyl acetate extraction (p<0.05). Four isoforms of MyHC mRNA expression in porcine myocytes were reduced by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF petroleum ether extraction (p<0.05). MyHC IIa mRNA expression in porcine myocytes increased and MyHC IIb mRNA expression decreased by $1{\mu}g/mL$ in a TCMF petroleum ether extraction (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that TCMF amplified the psoas major muscle cross-sectional area through changing muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs. This effect was confirmed as TCMF extraction promoted porcine cell proliferation and affected isoforms of MyHC gene expression in myocytes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2012

산수유의 추출조건별 추출물의 최적 추출조건을 설정하기 위해 중심합성법에 따라 마이크로웨이브에너지(30, 60, 90, 120 및 150 watt), 에탄올 농도(0, 25, 50, 75 및 100%), 추출시간별(1, 3, 5, 7 및 9분)로 추출조건에 따라 생리활성을 측정하였다. 이때 반응표면의 회귀식 $R^2$값이 전자공여작용, tyrosinase 저해효과, SOD 유사활성, 총 폴리페놀 함량에서 각각 0.8937, 0.9254, 0.9552와 0.9708로 분석되었다. 4차원 반응표면분석에 의해 superimposing 하여 최적 추출조건을 얻은 범위는 산수유의 경우 마이크로웨이브 에너지 78~98 watt, 에탄올 농도 3~33%, 추출시간 3.6~9분으로 예측되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.204-209
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• 1993

용매의 종류와 추출온도, 시간, 용매첨가량, 추출횟수 등의 추출조건이 계피추출액의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수소공여능으로 나타낸 항산화활성도는 12가지 용매중 물과 70% 에탄올 추출액에서 높게 나타나 물과 70% 에탄올을 다음의 추출조건을 조사하기 위한 적정용매로 선정하였다. 추출온도를 $20{\sim}100^{\circ}C$로, 추출시간을 $2{\sim}10$시간으로 하여 추출액을 조제했을 때 항산화활성도와 총 phenol 함량은 $80^{\circ}C$와 8시간 추출액에서 높게 나타났고 285nm와 490nm에서의 흡광도는 온도가 높을수록 증가하였다. 용매 첨가비에 있어서는 계피중량의 20배 이상 첨가시에 큰 변화가 없었으며 추출횟수는 3회 이상의 추출액에서 항산화활성도 및 기타 특성이 현저히 감소하였다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1999

초임계 이산화탄소 및 보조용매를 사용하여 미역분말로부터 지방질의 추출특성을 조사하였다. 지방질의 추출속도는 미역입자가 작을수록, 압력이 높을수록, 온도가 낮을수록, 유량이 많을수록 증가하였으나, 지방질의 추출수율은 주어진 조건에서 거의 일정하였다. 본 연구의 실험범위에서 최적조건은 미역입자 300um, 초임계 이산화탄소의 온도 313K, 압력 13.8MPa 및 유량 30L/min이었고, 이 때 추출수율은 $1.45wt\%$이었다 동일농도의 보조용매를 사용한 경우 에탄을은 메탄올과 헥산보다 더 좋은 추출수율을 나타내었으며, 에탄올을 보조용매로 첨가한 경우는 이산화탄소만을 사용한 경우보다 2.21배의 추출수율의 상승효과가 있었다. 물질전달 매개변수 $k_fa$값은 초임계 이산화탄소만을 사용한 경우에 체류시간 또는 지방질의 평균농도가 감소함에 따라 증가하였으나, 에탄올을 보조용매로 사용한 경우는 반대 결과가 되었다.