• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.84-90
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• 2022

Objectives : Acupoints are divided into three categories: classical acupoints, extra-acupoints, and Ashi points. The aim of this study was to understand the meaning and features of Ashi points. Methods : We examined the original meaning of Ashi points from the classical medical texts, including the Beijiqianjinyaofang, the Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies, and the Huangdi Neijing, the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine. Results : First, the Ashi method is to locate the points for the acupuncture and moxibustion based on the patients' reactions mainly manifested by sensations of comfort and pain, which can help identify not only Ashi points but also classical and extra-acupoints. Thus, Ashi points may or may not match to classical or extra-acupoints, and we propose that Ashi points should not be classified mutually exclusive to classical or extra-acupoints. Second, there are several similarities between Ashi points and myofascial trigger points. They are located by palpation and have no fixed anatomical positions. Patients experience painful but pleasant feeling when Ashi and myofascial trigger points are pressed, and stimulation of these points have treatment effects. Conclusions : We suggest that Ashi method be used to identify the acupoints based on how patients react when these points are pressed. Ashi points may or may not correspond to classical or extra-acupoints, and share traits with myofascial trigger points.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.148-162
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• 1994

A Literature study was done for identifying the effects of Bloodletting on C.V.A. The major results of the study were as follows. 1. The frequency of points of Bloodletting on C.V.A. were in order Twelve well point, Ship son, Gold SalivaJade Fluid, Paekoe, Chungchung, Sugu, Sosang, Taechu, Wijung, Kwanchung, etc. 2. The frequency of meridians of Bloodletting on C.V.A. were in order Extra-point, Tongmaek-kyong, Su-gworum-Shimpo-Kyong, Susoyang-Samcho-Kyong, Sutaeum-Pye-Kyong, Choktaeyang-Panggwang-Kyong. ete. 3. The frequency of the site of points of Bloodletting on C.V.A. were in order four extremities, face, neck and head, etc. 4. The effects of Bloodletting on C.V.A. is clear away heat and alleviate pain, therapy for waking up a patient from unconsciousness, dredge the meridian passage, expel wind-evil and promote blood circulation, emergency treatment for collapse, etc, 5. The effects of Bloodletting on the early stage of C.V.A. were wake up the patient from unconsciousness by clearing away the heat and The effects of Bloodletting on sequence of C.V.A. were dredge the meridian passage, 6. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Hemiplegia were in order Twelve well point, Kyonjong, Extra-point, Chok soyang-Tam-Kyong, etc. 7. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Aphasia were in order Gold Saliva Jade Fluid, Amun, Extra-point, Tongmaek-Kyong, etc. 8. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Quadriplegia were in order Ship son, Twelve well point, Koktaek, Wijung, Extra-point, Chok soyang-Tam-Kyong, etc. 9, The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Vertigo were in order Four Gods Cleverness, Tuyu. Chanjuk, Paekoe, Taeyang, Extra-point, Yang-Kyong, etc. 10. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Headache were in order Taeyang, Paekoe, Taechu, Extra-point, Tongmaek-Kyong, Yang-Kyong, etc. 11. The points and meridians of Bloodletting on Bells palsy were Chichang, Hyopko in Yangmyong-Kyong.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.601-607
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• 1999

The human body consists of the twelve main meridians and the eight extra meridians including Dogmaek-Gyeong and Immaek-Gyeong. This study is on twenty-eight acupuncture points Dogmaek-Gyeong and twenty-four acupuncture points Immaek-Gyeong among the eight extra meridians. It is very important to know the accurate acupuncture points, which is the fundamental subject in the Oriental Medicine. From now on they have expressed in Chinese letters and old anatomical terms, acupuncture points are difficult and confused to learn. In order to understand acupuncture points easily, they are translated into Korean anatomical terms focused on osteology in this study. Dogmaek-Gyeong is the meridian of this vessel run along the posterior meridian line of the body. The boundary commences at the coccyx, mounts the length of the vertebral column, contours the skull of the vertex along the philtrum to terminate upon the upper gum. It has twenty-eight acupuncture points. Immaek-Gyeong is the meridian of this vessel run along the anterior meridian line of the body. The boundary commences at the perineum mounts the pubic symphysis along the umbilicus, mandible and the terminates at concave of the lower lip. It has twenty-four acupuncture points.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.3-13
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• 2022

This study aims to develop and implement extra-curricular program applying project-based learning (PBL) and to find out its effectiveness. The research was conducted from March 2021 to December 2021 according to the ADDIE model. Surveys, t-test and descriptive statistics were also conducted. The results of the study are as follows. First, project-based learning was applied to the extra-curricular program by reflecting the characteristics of students of University A and the requirements of the person in charge of the teaching and learning center. Second, project tasks related to education of universities were proposed. Third, the programs were designed as three common courses and four consulting courses. Fourth, the program was conducted with 32 students for two months. Fifth, the post-test results of problem-solving skills rose to 0.9 points compared to the pre-test but there was no significant difference, while the post-test results of communication skills were 0.5 points lower than before and statistically significant. Sixth, the satisfaction survey result was high with a rating of 4.59. Lastly, educational implications are also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Objectives : Chimgugyeongheombang's Byulhyul, or special points, is a list of extra points, and its acupoint types and positions are different from other books. Its source, however, is kept behind the vale. This paper aims to reveal Byulhyul's contents and source. Methods : Qixiaoliangfang, Jinjiudacheng, and Donguibogam's Gihyul were studied to determine the source of Chimgugyeongheombang's Byulhyul. Results & Conclusions : Chimgugyeongheombang lists a total of 59 special points. It cites 22 meridian points from Qixiaoliangfang, 26 points from Jinjiudacheng, and 36 points from Donguibogam. The Dictionary of Acupuncture records the source of 6 meridian points that aren't found in conventional books, namely the Soongol, Backro, Yeose, Eumdo, Naetaechoong, and Gabgeun points, as Zhenjiujicheng. However, Zhenjiujicheng, in reality, is a book put together with excerpts from three books: Donguibogam, Chimgugyeongheombang, and Leijingtuyi. This means that it's Chimgugyeongheombang that is the source of Zhenjiujicheng. Moreover, all of the points save for Soongol and Eumdo were also used in the acupunctural treatment of 9 diseases including epilepsy. In other words, it can be safely assumed that Heo Im came up with and utilized new special points based on his personal clinical experiences, and this is significant in that he expanded the boundary of the conventional study of acupuncture through his independent experiences and studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2967-2970
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• 2015

Many patients with few cerebral metastases receive radiosurgery alone. The goal of this study was to create a tool to estimate the survival of such patients. To identify characteristics associated with survival, nine variables including radiosurgery dose, age, gender, Eastern cooperative oncology group performance score (ECOG-PS), primary tumor type, number/size of cerebral metastases, location of cerebral metastases, extra-cerebral metastases and time between cancer diagnosis and radiosurgery were analyzed in 214 patients. On multivariate analysis, age (p=0.03), ECOG-PS (p=0.02) and extra-cerebral metastases (p<0.01) had significant impacts on survival. Scoring points for each patient were obtained from 12-month survival rates (in %) related to the significant variables divided by 10. Addition of the scoring points of the three variables resulted in a patient's total predictive score. Two groups were designed, A (10-14 points) and B (16-17 points). Twelve-month survival rates were 33% and 77%, respectively (p<0.001). Median survival times were 8 and 20 months, respectively. Because most patients of group A died from extra-cerebral disease and/or new cerebral lesions, early systemic treatment and additional WBI should be considered. As cause of death in group B was mostly new cerebral metastases, additional WBI appears even more important for this group.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 1993

Even though it has been to research on the variance of clothing pressure and on its effect of human body, it has not been available to evaluate the clothing pressure as an objective standard ta for the determination of an extra quantity of bodice' basic pattern. In this paper the basic pattern(the close adherence original shape) is determined by a drawing of plane figure after detaching an unweaving clothing from the inside of the gypsum, and the extra quantity is figured by a extension quantity when is formatted with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 cm extra quantity longitudinal-cross section figures. With our experimental method, review the variance of clothing pressure according to difference of the extra quantity which was figured with subjects wearing experimental clothing including the extra quantity. The difference of the extra quantity was able to calculate with data form the subjects when anatomical position and five movements, then compare with subjects wearing non-extra quantity experimental clothing. The results of experiment as the follows : 1. There is only few body portions with the significant variance according to the increasing of he extra quantity at he body portion and the sleeve portion. 2. The clothing pressure of the sleeve portion was higher than the clothing pressure of the body portion. The difference of clothing pressure according to the variance of the extra quantity at the sleeve portion is more significant than the body portion. 3. Consider several important pressure points which wil be the No. 1 at the front of body portion. No. 17, 18 at the back of body portion and No. 21 at the sleeve portion. 4. It is important to have plane figure of gypsum when format an basis pattern.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.199-213
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• 1997

A comparative study of influence by area between acupuncture points on hand of original acupuncture system with those of hand acupuncture system was resulted as followes 1. The influence of acupuncture points on original acupuncture system was different from those on hand acupuncture system by meridian system even though on same area or point but was similar by meridian coordination even though on different area or point. 2. The influence of acupuncture points on hand acupuncture system was almost added by those of coordinated original acupuncture system point on those of hand acupuncture system point. 3. The influence of non coordinated hand acupuncture points with several original acupuncture points was according to those of up or down point on same meridian. 4. Tung;s acupuncture system had no corelationship with other two acupuncture systems, where it has no holistic system on original princeple and Extra-points had also no corelationship, where it has no meridian system.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.305-317
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• 2020

Not all sciatica-like manifestations are of lumbar spine origin. Some of them are caused at points along the extra-spinal course of the sciatic nerve, making diagnosis difficult for the treating physician and delaying adequate treatment. While evaluating a patient with sciatica, straightforward diagnostic conclusions are impossible without first excluding sciatica mimics. Examples of benign extra-spinal sciatica are: piriformis syndrome, walletosis, quadratus lumborum myofascial pain syndrome, cluneal nerve disorder, and osteitis condensans ilii. In some cases, extra-spinal sciatica may have a catastrophic course when the sciatic nerve is involved in cyclical sciatica, or the piriformis muscle in piriformis pyomyositis. In addition to cases of sciatica with clear spinal or extra-spinal origin, some cases can be a product of both origins; the same could be true for pseudo-sciatica or sciatica mimics, we simply don't know how prevalent extra-spinal sciatica is among total sciatica cases. As treatment regimens differ for spinal, extra-spinal sciatica, and sciatica-mimics, their precise diagnosis will help physicians to make a targeted treatment plan. As published works regarding extra-spinal sciatica and sciatica mimics include only a few case reports and case series, and systematic reviews addressing them are hardly feasible at this stage, a scoping review in the field can be an eye-opener for the scientific community to do larger-scale prospective research.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 2021

Therapeutic injections into the craniofacial region can be a complex procedure because of the nature of its anatomical structure. This technical note demonstrates a process for creating an extra-oral template to inject therapeutic substances into the temporomandibular joint and the lateral pterygoid muscle. The described process involves merging cone-beam computed tomography data and extra-oral facial scans obtained using a mobile device to establish a correlated data set for virtual planning. Virtual injection points were simulated using existing dental implant planning software to assist clinicians in precisely targeting specific anatomical structures. A template was designed and then 3D printed. The printed template showed adequate surface fit. This innovative process demonstrates a potential new clinical technique. However, further validation and in vivo trials are necessary to assess its full potential.