• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.50-56
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• 2010

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADAs) is real-time monitor and control systems. SCADA systems are used to monitor or control chemical and transportation processes, in municipal water supply systems, electric power generation, transmission and distribution, gas and oil pipelines, and other distributed processes. SCADA refers to a large-scale distributed system. The supervisory control system is placed on top of a real time control system to control external processes. Emerging security technologies and security devices are decreasing the vulnerability of the power system against cyber threats. Dealing with these threats and analyzing vulnerabilities is an important task for equipment such as RTU, IED and FEP. To reduce such risks, we develop such a SCADA testbed. This paper presents the development of a testbed designed to assess the vulnerabilities SCADA networks(including serial communication).

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

An overall responding security-centered framework is necessary required for infringement accidents, failures, and cyber threats. On the other hand, the correspondence structures of existing administrative, technical, physical security have weakness in a system responding to complex attacks because each step is performed independently. This study will recognize all internal and external users as a potentially threatening element. To perform connectivity analysis regarding an action, an intelligent convergence security framework and road map is suggested. A suggested convergence security framework was constructed to be independent of an automatic framework, such as the conventional single solution for the priority defense system of APT of the latest attack type, which makes continuous reputational attacks to achieve its goals. This study suggested the next generation convergence security framework to have preemptive responses, possibly against an APT attack, consisting of the following five hierarchical layers: domain security, domain connection, action visibility, action control, and convergence correspondence. In the domain, the connection layer suggests a security instruction and direction in the domains of administrative, physical and technical security. The domain security layer has consistency of status information among the security domain. A visibility layer of an intelligent attack action consists of data gathering, comparison and decision cycle. The action control layer is a layer that controls the visibility action. Finally, the convergence corresponding layer suggests a corresponding system of before and after an APT attack. The administrative security domain had a security design based on organization, rule, process, and paper information. The physical security domain is designed to separate into a control layer and facility according to the threats of the control impossible and control possible. Each domain action executes visible and control steps, and is designed to have flexibility regarding security environmental changes. In this study, the framework to address an APT attack and load map will be used as an infrastructure corresponding to the next generation security.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.501-519
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• 2017

With the revolution of IT technology, cyber threats and crimes are also increasing. In the recent years, many large-scale APT attack executed domestically and internationally. Specially, many of the APT incidents were not recognized by internal organizations, were noticed by external entities. With fourth industrial revolution(4IR), advancement of IT technology produce large scale of sensitive data more than ever before; thus, organizations invest a mount of budget for various methods such as encrypting data, access control and even SIEM for analyzing any little sign of risks. However, enhanced intelligent APT it's getting hard to aware or detect. These APT threats are too much burden for SMB, Enterprise and Government Agencies to respond effectively and efficiently. This paper will research what's the limitation and weakness of current defense countermeasure base on Cyber Kill Chain process and will suggest effective and efficient APT defense operation model with considering of organization structure and human resources for operation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.957-966
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• 2020

According to the recent statistics of the National Industrial Security Center, about 80% of the confidential leak are caused by former and current employees in the case of domestic confidential leak accidents. Most of the information leak incidents by these insiders are due to poor security management system and information leak detection technology. Blocking confidential leak of insiders is a very important issue in the corporate security sector, but many previous researches have focused on responding to intrusions by external threats rather than by insider threats. Therefore, in this research, we design an internal information leak scenario to effectively and efficiently detect various abnormalities occurring in the enterprise, analyze the key indicators of the leak symptoms derived from the scenarios by using data analytics and propose a model that accurately detects leak activities.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1391-1396
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• 2021

The boundary-based security system has the advantage of high operational efficiency and easy management of security solutions, and is suitable for denying external security threats. However, since it is operated on the premise of a trusted user, it is not suitable to deny security threats that occur from within. A zero trust access control model was proposed to solve this problem of the boundary-based security system. In the zero trust access control model, the security requirements for real-time security event monitoring must be satisfied. In this study, we propose a monitoring method for the most basic file access among real-time monitoring functions. The proposed monitoring method operates at the kernel level and has the advantage of fundamentally preventing monitoring evasion due to the user's file bypass access. However, this study focuses on the monitoring method, so additional research to extend it to the access control function should be continued.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 2022

Scientific and technological progress is also fundamental to the evolving merchant shipping industry, both in terms of the size and speed of modern ships and in the level of their technical capabilities. While the freight performance of ships is growing, the number of crew on board is steadily decreasing, as more work processes are being automated through the implementation of information technologies, including ship management systems. Although there have been repeated appeals from international maritime organizations to focus on building effective maritime security defenses against cyber attacks, the problems have remained unresolved. Owners of shipping companies do not disclose information about cyberattack attempts or incidents against them due to fear of commercial losses or consequences, such as loss of image, customer and insurance claims, and investigations by independent international organizations and government agencies. Issues of cybersecurity of control systems in the world today have gained importance, due to the fact that existing threats concern not only the security of technical means and devices, but also issues of environmental safety and safety of life at sea. The article examines the implementation of cyber risk management in the shipping industry, providing recommendations for the safe ship operation and its systems in order to improve vulnerability to external threats related to cyberattacks, and to ensure the safety and security of such a technical object as a seagoing ship.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.679-691
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• 2016

As vehicle started to contain many different communication devices, collecting external information became possible in IoT environment. In such environment, remotely controling vehicle is possible when vehicle information is obtained by looking in to vehicle network through smart device. However, android based smart device applications are vulnerable to malicious modulation and redistribution. Modulated android application can lead to vehicle information disclosure that could bring about vehicle control accident which becomes threat to drivers. furthermore, since vehicles today does not contain security methods to protect it, they are very vulnerable to security threats which can cause serious damage to users and properties. In this paper, many different vehicle management android applications that are sold in Google Play has been analyzed. With this information, possible threats that could happen in vehicle management applications are being analysed to prove the risks. the experiment is done on actual vehicle to prove the risks. Also, access control method to protect the vehicle against malicious actions that could happen through external network in IoT environment is suggested in the paper.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.59
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• pp.9-35
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• 2019

Until now, a lot of research on cyber security have been tried, but there have been few studies on overall relationships, including internal factors and external factors. Therefore, this study examined cyber security management considering not only internal elements of SMEs but also corporate management environment. The first qualitative analysis and the second quantitative analysis were conducted through mixed method research. Qualitative analysis was conducted through a semi-structured interview method, and three themes were found: insufficient cyber security management system, internal noncooperation for cyber security, and problems derived from decision-making system. In the quantitative analysis, multiple regression analysis was conducted on the data obtained through the questionnaire. The perception of cyber threats and internal support among independent variables positively influenced the cyber security management system or the dependent variable. Through this study, internal variables had a causal impact on the cyber security management system rather than external environment variables. This implies that the variables related to the organizational culture such as employees' perception are important. These results are expected to provide practical significance for enhancing the cyber security management system in SMEs.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

To provide high-quality services, national public institutions and companies have provided information and materials over the internet network. However, a risk of malware infection between transmission and reception of data leads to exposure to various security threats. For this reason, national institutions have proceeded with projects for network separation since 2008, and data linkage has been made using network connection storage through network separation technologies, along with physical network separation. However, the network connection storage has caused waste of resources and problems with data management due to the presence of the same data in internal network storage and external network storage. In this regard, this study proposes a method to connect internal and external network data using NAS storage as a way to overcome the limitations of physical network separation, and attempts to verify the priority of items for the optimization of network separation by means of AHP techniques.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2014

In the past, security on control system was guaranteed by isolation of control system networks from external networks. However as devices of the control systems became more various and interaction between the devices became necessary, effective management system for such network emerged and this triggered connection between control system networks and external system networks. This made management of control system easier but also made control system exposed to various cyber attack threats, Therefore researches on appending security measures on each protocols are in progress. This paper focused on DNP(distributed network protocol)3 protocol which is used for communication between control center and substations. It describes characteristics of DNP3 protocol and research on adding security elements to the protocol. It also analyzed known vulnerabilities of DNP3 protocol and proposed data mining methodology for detecting such vulnerabilities.