• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.242-256
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was done to clarify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of spirituality. Methods: Rodgers's evolutionary concept analysis was used to analyze fifty seven studies from the literature related to spirituality as it appears in systematic literature reviews of theology, medicine, counseling & psychology, social welfare, and nursing. Results: Spirituality was found to consist of two dimensions and eight attributes: 1) vertical dimension: 'intimacy and connectedness with God' and 'holy life and belief', 2) horizontal dimension: 'self-transcendence', 'meaning and purpose in life', 'self-integration', and 'self-creativity' in relationship with self, 'connectedness' and 'trust' in relationship with others neighbors nature. Antecedents of spirituality were socio-demographic, religious, psychological, and health related characteristics. Consequences of spirituality were positive and negative. Being positive included 'life centered on God' in vertical dimension, and among horizontal dimension 'joy', 'hope', 'wellness', 'inner peace', and 'self-actualization' in relationship with self, 'doing in love' and 'extended life toward neighbors and the world' in relationship with others neighbors nature. Being negative was defined as having 'guilt', 'inner conflict', 'loneliness', and 'spiritual distress'. Facilitators of spirituality were stressful life events and experiences. Conclusion: Spirituality is a multidimensional concept. Unchangeable attributes of spirituality are 'connectedness with God', 'self-transcendence', 'meaning of life' and 'connectedness with others nature'. Unchangeable consequences of spirituality are 'joy' and 'hope'. The findings suggest that the dimensional framework of spirituality can be used to assess the current spiritual state of patients. Based on these results, the development of a Korean version of the scale measuring spirituality is recommended.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.209-217
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• 2015

Main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the self core evaluation of local public officials on the customer-oriented public service provision. Structural Equation Model was applied to analyze the relationship between self core evaluation and customer oriented public service attitude. From theoretic point, establishing the relationship between psychological concept(self core evaluation) and attitude is contribution to existing literature in this area. Positive structural relationships between self core evaluation and customer-oriented attitude was confirmed from empirical analysis. While variable job engagement took intermediating role between self core evaluation and customer-oriented attitude. The result implies that organizational psychological approach might be a more effective policy measure to improve citizen's satisfaction for public services. For a extended periods, Korean government introduced various institutional arrangements to improve the customer satisfaction for public service. Hoever, the result was not satisfactory. The result of this study suggest psychological approach to improve public service customer satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.525-532
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• 2012

We study the extended quadratic residue code of length 24 over $\mathbb{Z}_3$ and its lifts to rings $\mathbb{Z}_{3^e}$ for all e including 3-adic integers ring. We completely determine the weight enumerators of all these lifts.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.1189-1207
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• 2014

A partial metric, also called a nonzero self-distance, is motivated by experience from computer science. Besides a lot of properties of partial metric analogous to those of metric, fixed point theorems in partial metric spaces have been studied recently. We establish several kinds of extended fixed point theorems in ordered partial metric spaces with higher dimension under generalized notions of mixed monotone mappings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.223-226
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• 1996

One of the consideration issue in implementation and maintanence of CIM(Computer Integrated Manufacturing) database is exchange and sharing of information between heterogeneous databases. For efficient operating of SIM systems, it must be able to organize and to manage the information. In this paper, we propose method that can make enhance the efficiency of CIM database, classfying the data in database using self organize neural network to each database systems, and computing between classfied heterogeneous database using extended operator that is defined.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.169-190
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• 2023

In this paper, we introduce an extension of rectangular metric spaces called controlled rectangular metric spaces, by changing the rectangular inequality in the definition of a metric space. We also establish some fixed point theorems for self-mappings defined on such spaces. Our main results extends and improves many results existing in the literature. Moreover, an illustrative example is presented to support the obtained results.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 1996

We consider a consumer self-selection model in which a regulated firm faces two market segments with differing valuation of quality of telecommunication services and examine some economic implications from the behaviors of the firm. In the context of a regulated monopolist, even though the results depend on the degree of privatization, the firm could lower the quality of the low-end model and reduce the price of the high-end in order to alleviate cannibalization. This justifies the provision of universal service policy in the telecommunications market. Based on this self-selection model, we also analyze an extended model of product introduction and show that the monopolist will introduce new product with the same introduction time of social planner. However, when we consider competition among firms, the market equilibrium may not guarantee the efficient time of product introduction.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.364-370
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• 1990

In this paper, we propose a self-tuning PID controller for unknown systems with time-varying delay. Using pole placement equations, we derive the controller that can be extended to the multi-step time delay case. The time-varying delays are estimated by a prediction error delay method using multiple predictors. Since the order of the estimation vector is not increased, the persistant exciting condition of control input is alleviated. Since the least square method gives biased parameter estimates for colored noise cases, the recursive instrumental variable method is used to estimate system parameters. The computational burden of the proposed method is less than the conventional adaptive methods. Computer simulations are performed to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07a
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• pp.333-336
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• 1992

In this paper, We propose a PID-type of self-tuning algorithm which is based on the parameter estimation and the minimization of the cost function. We use the CARIMA model for parameter estimation and determine the discrete PID controller parameters by minimizing the cost function which considers the quadratic deviations of the predicted output over the set-point as well as the control efforts. Also, The algorithm is extended by incorporating constraints of the control signal. Simulations are performed to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2012

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is a recently developed innovative construction material. SCC fills in a formwork without any vibrating consolidation, which allows us to eventually achieve robust casting. However, high formwork lateral pressure exerted by SCC is a critical issue regarding its application as cast-in-place concrete. In order to control the risk caused by high formwork pressure, a comprehensive prediction model for the pressure was previously proposed, investigated, and validated with various SCC mixtures. The model was originally designed to simulate the intrinsic pressure response of SCC mixtures while excluding other extrinsic influencing factors such as friction and flexibility of the formwork. The model was then extended to consider extrinsic factors such as friction between SCC mixtures and formwork. In addition, other interesting topics for peak formwork pressure and mineral admixture effects were summarized in the paper.