• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
• /
• 제31권5_6호
• /
• pp.335-346
• /
• 2004

톨레미II는 내장형 시스템과 같이 이질적 성질을 가진 병렬 시스템을 모델링하고 디자인 할 수 있는 환경을 지원해준다. 톨레미II는 여러 개의 도메인을 가지고 있다. 도메인은 각 시스템의 구성 요소들간의 통신 방법을 결정하는 물리적인 규칙이다. 톨레미II에는 PetriNet, Timed Multitasking, SR 등 11개의 도메인이 존재한다. 시스템의 구성요소들은 그 특성에 맞는 도메인을 사용하여 명세 되어 질 수 있다. 톨레미II는 특히 정형적 도메인으로 프로세스 알제브라 언어의 일종인 CSP를 가지고 있다. 그러나 CCS는 도메인으로 구현되지 않았다. CCS는 프로세스 알제브라의 일종으로서 정형적으로 병렬시스템을 명세하고 검증할 수 있는 언어이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 CCS도메인을 구현함으로써 톨레미II를 사용하는 개발자가 톨레미II에서 사용하고 있는 동일한 모델링 패턴을 사용하면서 CCS의 정형적 의미론을 바탕으로 하여 시스템 명세를 할 수 있게 하였다. 이것은 톨레미II의 도메인의 다양성을 가지고 옴으로써 톨레미II의 표현력과 가용력을 높였다. 본 논문에서는 톨레미II에 구현된 CCS 도메인의 구조와 구현 방법을 설명하겠다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.276-282
• /
• 2004

Marginal Zn deficiency is prevalent through the world and yet human zinc status has not been properly assessed due to the lack of a reliable diagnostic indicator. One potential possibility for zinc status assessment using Zn-binding protein, metallothionein (MT)-mRNA, has been proposed. The purpose of the present study was aimed to show whether measurement of mononuclear cell (MNC) MT mRNA, using a competitive-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (competitive-RT-PCR) assay, could indicate zinc status in human subjects. In this study, MNC MT-mRNA expression was measured using a competitive-RT-PCR to compare before and after 14 days of zinc supplementation (50 mg Zn/das zinc gluconate). RT-PCR oligonucleotide primers which were designed to amplify both a 278 bp segment of the human MT-2A cDNA and a 198 bp mutant competitor cDNA template from MNCs, were prepared. MT-2A mRNA was normalized by reference to the housekeeping gene, $\beta$-actin, mRNA for which was also measured by competitive-RT-PCR. There was considerable inter-individual variation in MT-mRNA concentration and yet, the mean MT-2A mRNA level increased 4.7-fold after Zn supplementation, as compared to before Zn supplementation. This MT-2A mRNA level was shown as the same pattern and, even more sensitive assay, compared to the conventional plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) Zn assessment in which plasma and RBCs zinc levels increased 2.3- and 1.2-fold, respectively (p<0.05). We suggest that MT competitive-RT-PCR can be a useful assessment tool for evaluating human zinc status.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
• /
• 제50권11호
• /
• pp.4.1-4.13
• /
• 2018

Two-pore domain $K^+$ (K2P) channels have been shown to modulate neuronal excitability. The physiological role of TWIK-1, the first identified K2P channel, in neuronal cells is largely unknown, and we reported previously that TWIK-1 contributes to the intrinsic excitability of dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) in mice. In the present study, we investigated the coexpression of TWIK-1 and TASK-3, another K2P member, in DGGCs. Immunohistochemical staining data showed that TASK-3 proteins were highly localized in the proximal dendrites and soma of DGGCs, and this localization is similar to the expression pattern of TWIK-1. TWIK-1 was shown to associate with TASK-3 in DGGCs of mouse hippocampus and when both genes were overexpressed in COS-7 cells. shRNA-mediated gene silencing demonstrated that TWIK-1/TASK-3 heterodimeric channels displayed outwardly rectifying currents and contributed to the intrinsic excitability of DGGCs. Neurotensin-neurotensin receptor 1 (NT-NTSR1) signaling triggered the depolarization of DGGCs by inhibiting TWIK-1/TASK-3 heterodimeric channels, causing facilitated excitation of DGGCs. Taken together, our study clearly showed that TWIK-1/TASK-3 heterodimeric channels contribute to the intrinsic excitability of DGGCs and that their activities are regulated by NT-NTSR1 signaling.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.537-547
• /
• 2010

FPAR는 다양한 육상 생태계 모텔에서 중요한 입력변수로 사용된다. 이 때문에 다양한 global product의 형태로 제공되고 있다. 하지만 한반도를 영역으로 하는 연구에 이를 바로 적용 시 오차가 발생할 수 있고, 이것은 위성자료를 이용한 지면 정보 산출에 있어서 직접적인 오차요인이 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Terra/MODIS와 SPOT/VEGETATION 그리고 ECOCLIMAP 자료를 이용해 한반도에 최적화된 FPAR를 산출 하였고, 또한 기존에 사용하였던 LAI와의 관계식을 사용하지 않고, SPOT/VGT NDVI 로부터 계산된 FVC (Fraction Vegetation Cover)를 직접 이용하여 FPAR를 산출 하였다. 이를 위해 식생지수의 선형/비선형 관계를 이용하여 구하는 경험적인 방법을 적용하여 회귀분석을 수행한 결과 cropland와 forest에서 각각 결정계수 (Coefficient of Determination, $R^2$)가 0.9039. 0.7901으로 정확도가 높은 관계식을 도출해내었다. 최종적으로 Reference FPAR 자료와의 비교 분석을 통해 본 연구에서 산출된 FPAR가 전반적인 패턴을 잘 표현하면서 불규칙하게 발생하던 노이즈 또한 보정된 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이렇게 한반도에 최적화된 입력변수의 사용은 산출물의 정확도뿐만 아니라 연구의 질 향상에도 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국패류학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2013

In order to investigate environmental stress inducible genes in abalone, we analyzed differentially expressed transcripts from a Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, after exposure to heat-, cold- or hyposalinity-shock by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. 1,074 unique sequences from SSH libraries were composed to 115 clusters and 986 singletons, the overall redundancy of the library was 16.3%. From the BLAST search, of the 1,316 ESTs, 998 ESTs (75.8%) were identified as known genes, but 318 clones (24.2%) did not match to any previously described genes. From the comparison results of ESTs pattern of three SSH cDNA libraries, the most abundant EST was different in each SSH library: small heat shock protein p26 (sHSP26) in heat-shock, trypsinogen 2 in cold-shock, and actin in hyposalinity SSH cDNA library. Based on sequence similarities, several response-to-stress genes such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) were identified commonly from the abalone SSH libraries. HSP70 gene was induced by environmental stress regardless of temperature-shock or salinity-stress, while the increase of sHSP26 mRNA expression was not detected in cold-shock but in heat-shock condition. These results suggest that the suppression subtractive hybridization method is an efficient way to isolate differentially expressed gene from the invertebrate environmental stress-response transcriptome.

• 자연과학논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.95-98
• /
• 1999

$CO_2$ gas 처리가 배추 자가불화합성 타파에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 배추 inbred line의 암술에서 mRNA를 분리하여 DD-PCR을 수행하였다. $CO_2$ gas를 처리한 암술에서 분리한 mRNA와 처리하지 않은 꽃에서 분리한 암술 mRNA 발현과의 특이적인 차이를 DD-PCR로 조사한 결과 세 가지 각기 다른 anchor primer에 대해 모두 18개의 특이적 증폭 DNA fragment를 얻을 수 있었다. 이 결과로 미루어 보아 $CO_2$ gas 처리에 의한 암술 mRNA발현의 변화가 배추 자가불화합성 타파에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.749-753
• /
• 2008

청도반시 추출물로부터 라디칼 소거활성, T-bet promoter 활성, IL-4 발현 활성의 상관관계를 분석하고자 7월부터 10월까지 감을 시기별로 수확하여 분자염증 활성 여부를 확인하였다. 감의 무게는 시기가 경과할수록 무거워지면서 항산화 활성에 있어서는 감이 미숙과일수록 항산화활성이 우수하였다. 4가지의 용매로 추출한 감의 항산화 활성도 유사한 양상을 보였다. T-bet promoter 활성은 추숙이 될 수록 억제되는 양상을 보였는데, 이에 반하여 IL-4의 발현 정도는 숙성함에 따라 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이로 미루어 보아 수확시기에 따라 이러한 분자염증에 관련한 일련의 활성의 억제 효과는 감이 미숙과일수록 활성이 상승하였다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.297-306
• /
• 2020

Repetitive changes in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) triggers egg activation, including cortical granule exocytosis, resumption of second meiosis, block to polyspermy, and initiating embryonic development. [Ca²⁺]i oscillations that continue for several hours, are required for the early events of egg activation and possibly connected to further development to the blastocyst stage. The sources of Ca²⁺ ion elevation during [Ca²⁺]i oscillations are Ca²⁺ release from endoplasmic reticulum through inositol 1,4,5 tri-phosphate receptor and Ca²⁺ ion influx through Ca²⁺ channel on the plasma membrane. Ca²⁺ channels have been characterized into voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels (VDCCs), ligand-gated Ca²⁺ channel, and leak-channel. VDCCs expressed on muscle cell or neuron is specified into L, T, N, P, Q, and R type VDCs by their activation threshold or their sensitivity to peptide toxins isolated from cone snails and spiders. The present study was aimed to investigate the localization pattern of N and P/Q type voltage-dependent calcium channels in mouse eggs and the role in fertilization. [Ca²⁺]i oscillation was observed in a Ca²⁺ contained medium with sperm factor or adenophostin A injection but disappeared in Ca²⁺ free medium. Ca²⁺ influx was decreased by Lat A. N-VDCC specific inhibitor, ω-Conotoxin CVIIA induced abnormal [Ca²⁺]i oscillation profiles in SrCl₂ treatment. N or P/Q type VDC were distributed on the plasma membrane in cortical cluster form, not in the cytoplasm. Ca²⁺ influx is essential for [Ca²⁺]i oscillation during mammalian fertilization. This Ca²⁺ influx might be controlled through the N or P/Q type VDCCs. Abnormal VDCCs expression of eggs could be tested in fertilization failure or low fertilization eggs in subfertility women.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.635-643
• /
• 2018

Bovine milk is widely consumed by humans and is a primary ingredient of dairy foods. Proteomic approaches have the potential to elucidate complex milk proteins and have been used to study milk of various species. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis using 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify whey proteins in bovine milk obtained soon after parturition (bovine early milk). The major casein proteins were removed, and the whey proteins were analyzed with 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). The whey proteins (2 mg) were separated by pI and molecular weight across pH ranges of 3.0 - 10.0 and 4.0 - 7.0. The 2-DE gels held about 300 to 700 detectable protein spots. We randomly picked 12 and nine spots that were consistently expressed in the pH 3.0 - 10.0 and pH 4.0 - 7.0 ranges, respectively. Following MALDI-TOF MS analysis, the 21 randomly selected proteins included proteins known to be present in bovine milk, such as albumin, lactoferrin, serum albumin precursor, T cell receptor, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, aldehyde oxidase and microglobulin. These proteins have major functions in immune responses, metabolism and protein binding. In summary, we herein identified both known and novel whey proteins present in bovine early milk, and our sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed their expression pattern.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 2018

Phagocytosis is a fundamental process in which phagocytes capture and ingest foreign particles including pathogenic bacteria. Several oral pathogens have anti-phagocytic strategies, which allow them to escape from and survive in phagocytes. Impaired bacteria phagocytosis increases inflammation and contributes to inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of various agents on oral pathogenic phagocytosis. To determine phagocytosis, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were stained with 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE), and was measured using flowcytometery and confocal microscopy. The influencing factors on phagocytosis were evaluated through the pretreatment of ROS inhibitor (N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)), lysozyme, potassium chloride (KCI) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in THP-1 cells. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The phagocytosis of various bacteria increased in a MOI-dependent manner. Among the tested bacteria, phagocytosis of P. gingivalis showed the highest fluorescent intensity at same infection time. Among the tested inhibitors, the NAC treatment significantly inhibited phagocytosis in all tested bacteria. In addition, NAC treatment indicated a similar pattern under the confocal microscopy. Moreover, NAC treatment significantly increased the bacteria-induced secretion of $IL-1{\beta}$ among the tested inhibitors. Taken together, we conclude that the phagocytosis occurs differently depending on each bacterium. Down-regulation by ROS production inhibited phagocytosis and lead increased of oral pathogens-associated inflammation.