• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.561-574
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• 2009

Black has been the most important color of all since the ancient times when the recognition of black roused, as well as during most of the eras; and can especially be said as the main color which controlled the chronicles of fashion. The purpose of the study was to broaden the application of black color image make-up by inquiring into make-up design elemental characteristics of lines and textures, after classifying magazine illustrations and advertisement make-up images using black. The photos which made effective use of black among fashion illustrations, magazine advertisements after 2001 were classified in to each type, and make-up expression method and characteristics according to design element of each image type was analyzed. The conclusion of such study was the following. 'Erotic image' showed contrast effect between eye make-up and lip color by using pale tone or red color. 'Mannish image' emphasized form and texture of eyebrow by restraining the colors of eyelids with natural brown tone eye make-up; 'Modern image' expressed vague eyebrow to bring the sensation of the direction of eye shadow on eyelids and eye line as well as slant line to relief. 'Kitsch image' showed free and light imagery by creating unique hair style with various colors; expressing lips mostly with colors similar to skin tone or by restraining colors on lips. 'Decadence image' showed messy and foul sensation with unstandardized eye make-up and matt skin of shimmer, glossy and pale tone, also with black colored lips; 'Retro image' expressed reinterpretation of images from 1920${\sim}$1960 to contemporary styles.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.645-661
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• 2020

Leaf senescence is a developmental process by which a plant actively remobilizes nutrients from aged and photosynthetically inefficient leaves to young growing ones by disassembling organelles and degrading macromolecules. Senescence is accelerated by age and environmental stresses such as prolonged darkness. Phytochrome B (phyB) inhibits leaf senescence by inhibiting phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4) and PIF5 in prolonged darkness. However, it remains unknown whether phyB mediates the temperature signal that regulates leaf senescence. We found the light-activated form of phyB (Pfr) remains active at least four days after a transfer to darkness at 20℃ but is inactivated more rapidly at 28℃. This faster inactivation of Pfr further increases PIF4 protein levels at the higher ambient temperature. In addition, PIF4 mRNA levels rise faster after the transfer to darkness at high ambient temperature via a mechanism that depends on ELF3 but not phyB. Increased PIF4 protein then binds to the ORE1 promoter and activates its expression together with ABA and ethylene signaling, accelerating leaf senescence at high ambient temperature. Our results support a role for the phy-PIF signaling module in integrating not only light signaling but also temperature signaling in the regulation of leaf senescence.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.231-268
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• 2018

Wittgenstein asserts in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 5.542 that "A believes that p" is of the form "'p' says p" and "here we have no co-ordination of a fact and an object, but a co-ordination of facts by means of a co-ordination of their objects." What does, then, it mean exactly that 'p' says p? What are "facts" and "a co-ordination" in the expression "a co-ordination of facts"? Are propositional attitude statements significant propositions or not? Furthermore, what is the point of Wittgenstein's criticism of Russell's theory of judgement? In this paper, I will answer these questions on the basis of Wittgenstein's explication of the concept of thought and Ramsey's relevant remark on propositional attitude. Meanwhile propositional attitude statements are bound up with solipsism of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and some of them have senses. Hence both of assertions that all the propositional attitude statements are significant and all of them are nonsense in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus are not correct.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2015

In order to satisfy the high expectations of consumers for a variety of consumer's desired subject area, information could be provided in the form of a map according to the analysis information. With the name change in 2015, LX would intend to play a role in building the information infrastructure that can be supported government policy as an intermediary between the government and private sector. Therefore, in this study, we would like to propose a plan that provide personalized information to the consumer. Through compositing a variety of time-series data(inner or outer of LX) based on public information, and analyzing spatially and temporally the rapidly changing land status. For these purpose, prior research and domestic or abroad thematic map service about thematic map making were reviewed. And the reason why the LX makes information map was presented. Also, themes of 3 field were selected, and depending on the data processing or analysis level and theme were subdivided, and then production and expression method were proposed.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.284-292
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• 2006

The cbb3 cytochrome c oxidase has the dual function as a terminal oxidase and oxygen sensor in the photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The cbb3 oxidase forms a signal transduction pathway together with the PrrBA two-component system that controls photosynthesis gene expression in response to changes in oxygen tension in the environment. Under aerobic conditions the cbb3 oxidase generates an inhibitory signal, which shifts the equilibrium of PrrB kinase/phosphatase activities towards the phosphatase mode. Photosynthesis genes are thereby turned off under aerobic conditions. The catalytic subunit (CcoN) of the R. sphaeroides cbb3 oxidase contains five histidine residues (H2l4, B233, H303, H320, and H444) that are conserved in all CcoN subunits of the cbb3 oxidase, but not in the catalytic subunits of other members of copper-heme superfamily oxidases. H214A mutation of CcoN affected neither catalytic activity nor sensory (signaling) function of the cbb3 oxidase, whereas H320A mutation led to almost complete loss of both catalytic activity and sensory function of the cbb3 oxidase. H233V and H444A mutations brought about the partial loss of catalytic activity and sensory function of the cbb3 oxidase. Interestingly, the H303A mutant form of the cbb3 oxidase retains the catalytic function as a cytochrome c oxidase as compared to the wild-type oxidase, while it is defective in signaling function as an oxygen sensor. H303 appears to be implicated in either signal sensing or generation of the inhibitory signal to the PrrBA two-component system.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.599-607
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• 2017

Most normal cells express L-type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2). However, L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in many tumor cells and presumed to support their increased growth and proliferation. This study examined the effects of JPH203, a selective LAT1 inhibitor, on cell growth and its mechanism for cell death in Saos2 human osteosarcoma cells. FOB human osteoblastic cells and Saos2 cells expressed LAT1 and LAT2 together with their associating protein 4F2 heavy chain, but the expression of LAT2 in the Saos2 cells was especially weak. JPH203 and BCH, a non-selective L-type amino acid transporter inhibitor, potently inhibited L-leucine uptake in Saos2 cells. As expected, the intrinsic ability of JPH203 to inhibit L-leucine uptake was far more efficient than that of BCH in Saos2 cells. Likewise, JPH203 and BCH inhibited Saos2 cell growth with JPH203 being superior to BCH in this regard. Furthermore, JPH203 increased apoptosis rates and formed DNA ladder in Saos2 cells. Moreover, JPH203 activated the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway by upregulating pro-apoptotic factors, such as Bad, Bax, and Bak, and the active form of caspase-9, and downregulating anti-apoptotic factors, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These results suggest that the inhibition of LAT1 activity via JPH203, which may act as a potential novel anti-cancer agent, leads to apoptosis mediated by the mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by inducing the intracellular depletion of neutral amino acids essential for cell growth in Saos2 human osteosarcoma cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.603-609
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• 2002

DFA IV is di-D-fructose-2,6':6,2'-dianhydride, consisting of two fructose residues. It can be enzymatically synthesized from levan by levan fructotransferase, and can be used for mineral absorption. Understanding of the structure and composition of levan is important to obtain high-level production of DFA IV. A bacterial strain, Pseudomonas aurantiaca 5-4380, was identified to produce low-branched levan, and the levansucrase gene (lsch) from this bacterium was found to be composed of 1,275 Up coding for a protein of 424 amino acids, with an estimated molecular weight of 47 kDa. The bacterial levansucrase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli DH5${\alpha}$ by its own promoter and lac promoter. The recombinant levansucrase was produced in soluble form with 170U of levansucrase activity from 1-ml E. coii culture broth. The expressed enzyme from the clone showed similar biochemical properties, such as size of active levansucrase, degree of branching, and optimum temperature, with P.aurantiaca 5-4380 levansucrase.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.451-456
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• 2016

Scanimation is utilized in various fields due to its simple and easy basic principle, whereas mostly it is expressed in gray scale, and the cases of expressing with color is rare. This research classified scanimation into form change of the images with no connectivity, continuous motion of the images with connectivity, and optical illusion with continuity along with visualization effect based on the advanced research and utilization case, and conducted a comparative analysis of scanimation per type applied with color scheme by color difference based on PCCS(Practical Color Co-ordinate System) system. Based on this research, the researcher intended to suggest various direction and expressive method of scanimation using color, expecting the research result could be a valuable reference for the researches utilizing scanimation, henceforth.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2008

Purpose: Bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) has been shown to possess significant osteoinducitve potential. There have been attempts to overcome a limitation of mass production, and economical efficiency of BMP. The aim of this study was to produce recombinant human BMP-2(rhBMP-2) from E. coli in a large scale and evaluate its biological activity. Materials and Methods: The E.coli strain BL21(DE3) was used as a host for rhBMP-2 production. Dimerized rhBMP-2 was purified by affinity chromatography using Heparin column. To determine the physicochemical properties of the rhBMP-2 expressed in E. coli, we examined the HPLC profile and performed Western blot analysis. The effect of the purified rhBMP-2 dimer on osteoblast differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and representing morphological change using C2C12 cell. Results: E. coli was genetically engineered to produce rhBMP-2 in a non-active aggregated form. We have established a method which involves refolding and purifying a folded rhBMP-2 dimer from non-active aggregates. The purified rhBMP-2 homodimer was characterized by SDS-PAGE as molecular weight of about 28kDa and eluted at 34% acetonitrile, 13.27 min(retention time) in the HPLC profile and detected at Western blot. The purified rhBMP-2 dimer stimulated ALP activity and induced the transformation from myogenic differentiation to osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion: rhBMP-2 was produced in E. coli using genetic engineering. The purified rhBMP-2 dimer stimulated ALP activity and induced the osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.167-173
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• 2011

Most of the terminologies used in medical domain is not intended to be applied directly in clinical setting but is developed to integrate the terms by defining the reference terminology or concept relations between the terms. Therefore, it is needed to develop the subsets of the terminology which classify categories properly for the purpose of use and extract and organize terms with high utility based on the classified categories in order to utilize the clinical terms conveniently as well as efficiently. Moreover, it is also necessary to develop and upgrade the terminology constantly to meet user's new demand by changing or correcting the system. This study has developed a mapping tool that allows accurate expression and interpretation of clinical terms used for medical records in electronic medical records system and can furthermore secure semantic interoperability among the terms used in the medical information model and generate common terms as well. The system is designed to execute both 1:1 and N:M mapping between the concepts of terms at a time and search for and compare various terms at a time, too. Also, in order to enhance work consistency and work reliability between the task performers, it allows work in parallel and the observation of work processes. Since it is developed with Java, it adds new terms in the form of plug-in to be used. It also reinforce database access security with Remote Method Invocation (RMI). This research still has tasks to be done such as complementing and refining and also establishing management procedures for registered data. However, it will be effectively used to reduce the time and expenses to generate terms in each of the medical institutions and improve the quality of medicine by providing consistent concepts and representative terms for the terminologies used for medical records and inducing proper selection of the terms according to their meaning.