• 제목/요약/키워드: Exposure Measures

검색결과 419건 처리시간 0.031초

Prevalence of Accident Occurrence Among Scientific Laboratory Workers of the Public University in Lebanon and the Impact of Safety Measures

  • Nasrallah, Inaam M.;El Kak, Assem K.;Ismaiil, Lina A.;Nasr, Rihab R.;Bawab, Wafa T.
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.155-162
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    • 2022
  • Background: Workers are exposed to several risks in academic laboratories due to the presence of potentially hazardous substances. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of accident occurrence and associated risk factors among laboratory workers at the scientific laboratories of the public university in Lebanon and the impact of safety measures training and availability. Methods: In this observational study, a survey was conducted for one year in scientific laboratories at faculties of the public university. Results: Among the participants (N = 220), 45.0% have had accidents; the main cause was exposure to chemicals (73.7%) and more specifically by inhalation (45.4%). Females (85.9%) were more exposed to accidents than males. Laboratory workers with a master's degree, a full-time schedule, and more than ten years of experience were significantly more exposed to accidents (p < 0.05). A significant association was found between accident occurrence and training on management of hazardous products (p = 0.044), risks related to workplace (p = 0.030), eyewash and emergency shower (p < 0.001), first aid (p = 0.012), and facial protection availability (p = 0.019). In spite of the lack of safety culture and efficient training on laboratory safety, participants have shown a very good perception regarding safety measures to be applied in case of work accidents. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the prevalence of accident occurrence is elevated among lab workers at the public university. The impact of regular training on laboratory safety preventive measures is of great importance to ensure the efficiency of occupational health and safety in scientific laboratories.

중학생의 인터넷음란물 접속과 성 의식의 관계 (Relationship between Access to Lewd Internet Contents by Middle School Students and Their Awareness of Sex)

  • 임종인;최인숙
    • 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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    • 제4권
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    • pp.117-139
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this research lies in presenting logical viability for the measures that curtail access to lewd Internet contents by middle school students amidst the reality in which lewd contents are circulated freely through the Internet, a medium that the middle school students find most easy to access. In order to establish right form of awareness towards sex, this research identified the ways they access the lewd Internet contents, their reaction after the exposure to those contents, their knowledge of sex, their concerns regarding sex and their accessibility to sexual activities in order to conduct a comparative analysis on the relationship between lewd Internet contents and their awareness of sex. First, realities of accessing lewd Internet contents and reactions according to the demographics of middle school students There isa significant difference in the experience of accessing lewd Internet contents in terms of gender. Mostly, male students tend to access the contents more. As for the way they access the lewd Internet contents, both male and female students replied that they access through spam mail of lewd nature. Thus, measures to address this problem are needed urgently. As to when they first accessed the lewd contents, most of the research subjects replied that they accessed either in elementary school period or in the early middle school period. This shows that most of the students got exposed to lewd contents even before they could establish positive, correct awareness of sex. Thus, there is a risk that they may formulate wrong kind of sexual awareness. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop measures through focused sex education. Students are divided into two groups according to the time they spend on the contents averagely: those who spend over one hour and those who spend less than an hour on the lewd contents. If the students spending longer hours are not to be checked and properly guided, it may lead to increasing cases of sexual delinquencies due to their wrongly formed awareness of sex. When the question of existence(non-existence) of guardian was addressed, students with both parents tend to access the lewd Internet contents in a more diverse manner and tend to access more compared to those students from single parent or no-parent families. Accordingly, guardians need to pay attention to how their children are using the Internet. Second, awareness of sex depending on the middle school students' demographics In case of sexual knowledge, middle school students shows relatively high level of knowledge. In particular, female students are found more knowledgeable than male students, and the students in upper years are more knowledgeable as well. As a result, this research recommends that the students in lower years should be guided with more basc and detailed information, while those in upper years need to be taught to form and express their own thoughts and attitudes and to build up independence on this matter. In case of worries about sex, both male and female students don't worry too much about it. However, male students are more concerned about sex than female students in a more diverse ways. As for the differences by academic year, concerns for sex increase, as students get older. Accordingly, sex education that helps establish sound perception of the opposite sex and that focuses on the etiquettes that one must adhere to at the presence of the opposite sex need to be conducted against middle school students. In case of accessibility to sex, male students manifest higher tendency than female students. As for the differences by academic year, those in the first and second years show higher accessibility than those in their third year. In general, younger students tend to be more open-minded toward sex. Accordingly, students in lower academic years need to undergo basic knowledge oriented sex education, whereas those in upper academic years need to undergo discussion centered sex education where they subject to questions regarding their attitude and opinion. Third, relationship between the reactions after the exposure to the lewd Internet contents and their awareness of sex As the frequency of contact with lewd Internet contents increases, awareness of sex increases as well. Thus, the lewd Internet contents contribute to the increase in students' concern for sex as well as increase in accessibility to sex, which eventually become barriers to students' establishment of a healthy perception of sex. Reactions to sex after the exposure to lewd Internet contents and awareness of sex indicate a significant correlation. However, negative correlation is manifested with knowledge of sex. Thus, it is possible to know that the greater access to lewd Internet contents does not necessarily translate into increase in knowledge of sex. However, the study showed there is a correlation between concerns for sex and the level of accessibility to sex. In more detail, the more reactions to the contents they show, the more concerns for sex they have and the more positively they take acceptability to sex. Moreover, it is necessary to develop necessary measures since textbooks today do not include measures needed to address the lewd Internet contents. Given the above findings, it is necessary to continue to complement structural measures in order to prevent easy access of lewd Internet contents by middle school students. Moreover, it is necessary to be considerate of the students so that they themselves can form a healthy Internet culture and grow up within positive framework for the sex education.

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A Tobacco Cessation Intervention with Rural, Medically Underserved, Blue-collar Employees: A Quasiexperimental Study

  • Stewart, Telisa;Formica, Margaret K.;Adachi-Mejia, Anna M.;Wang, Dongliang;Gerrard, Meg
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.293-298
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    • 2016
  • Background: The aim of this study was to increase knowledge regarding the dangers associated with tobacco use, and decrease secondhand smoke exposure and tobacco use behaviors with an antitobacco messaging campaign among rural, medically underserved, blue-collar workers. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was conducted with employees at two worksites. One worksite received the intervention, which consisted of nine different antitobacco messages. Baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted at each worksite to assess change in knowledge and behavior; the data were compared across the two worksites. Results: Two hundred twenty-two and 243 participants completed baseline and follow-up surveys at the intervention and comparison sites, respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen over time between the worksites on knowledge of the dangers of tobacco (p < 0.0001); the mean knowledge score increased at the intervention site, but remained unchanged at the comparison site. In general, non-smokers at both worksites appeared to try to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke over the follow-up period. Repeated measures analysis indicated that there were no differences in motivation to quit (p = 0.81), interest in quitting (p = 0.40), thinking about quitting (p = 0.53), or several tobacco-use behaviors over time among smokers at the intervention and comparison worksites. There were slight increases over time in the proportion of smokers who do not allow smoking in their homes/vehicles at the intervention worksite, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Participants at the intervention worksite increased their knowledge regarding the dangers of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure. Among current tobacco users, the intervention appeared to increase family rules regarding secondhand smoke exposure in their homes and vehicles.

간접흡연의 정량적 노출측정 방법의 고찰 (Review of Various Quantitative Methods to Measure Secondhand Smoke)

  • 임수길;김정윤;임완령;손홍지;이기영
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.100-115
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    • 2009
  • Secondhand smoke (SHS) is one of major public health threats. Since secondhand smoke is complex mixture of toxic chemicals, there has been no standardized method to measure SHS quantitatively. The purpose of this manuscript was to review various quantitative methods to measure SHS. There are two different methods: air monitoring and biological monitoring. Air monitoring methods include exhaled carbon monoxide level, ambient fine particulates, nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine. Measurement of fine particulates has been utilized due to presence of real-time monitor, while fine particulates can have multiple indoor sources other than SHS. Ambient nicotine and 3-EP are more specific to SHS, although there is no real-time monitor for these chemicals. Biological monitoring methods include nicotine in hair, cotinine in urine, NNK in urine and DNA adducts. Nicotine in hair can provide chronic internal dose, while cotinine in urine can provide acute dose. Since biological monitoring can provide total internal dose, identification of specific exposure source may be difficult. NNK in urine can indicate carcinogenicity of the SHS exposure. DNA adducts can provide overall cancer causing exposure, but not specific to SHS. While there are many quantitative methods to measure SHS, selection of appropriate method should be based on purposes of assessment. Application of accurate and appropriate exposure assessment method is important for understanding health effects and establishing appropriate control measures.

주거침입 피해에 영향을 미치는 요인 (A Factor having Influence on Housebreaking Victimization)

  • 이유나;정대관
    • 시큐리티연구
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    • 제38호
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    • pp.137-161
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    • 2014
  • 이 연구의 목적은 주거침입피해에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하는데 있다. 이에 주거침입 피해 실태를 구체적으로 살펴보고 인구사회학적 특성 및 일상적 생활양식과 주거침입 피해경험 간의 관계 및 영향력을 살펴본다. 또한 일상활동 생활양식이론에 기초하여 근접성과 노출, 보호능력 요인으로 주거침입 피해를 설명한다. 연구대상은 전국의 4,710가구로, 제8차 전국범죄피해조사(KCVS)자료를 이차데이터로서 활용하였고, 연구목적 달성을 위해 위계적 로지스틱 회귀분석방법을 이용하였다. 연구결과 근접성 및 보호능력 차원에서 피해를 설명할 수 있었으며 이는 범죄와의 근접성이 높을수록, 물리적 보호능력 수준이 높을수록 주거침입 피해 가능성은 감소한다고 볼 수 있었다. 하지만 이차데이터의 특성상 측정변수를 근사변인으로 설명함으로써 이론적 모형을 명확하게 반영하지 못했다는 한계를 갖는다. 향후 연구에서는 주거침입 피해유발요인 명확하게 측정하여 보다 실질적인 침입피해 예방정책이 마련되기를 기대한다.

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음향도구 착용 근로자의 소음노출 실태에 관한 연구 (Research on the characteristics of noise exposure on worker wearing acoustic devices)

  • 김갑배;유계묵;이인섭;정광재
    • 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국소음진동공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.808-813
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    • 2011
  • There are hundreds of thousands call center workers wearing acoustic device. However, researches and noise exposure measurements on the noise transmitted from acoustic devices have seldom been performed due to the difficulty of measurement and to the absence of the measuring method in Korea. The aim of this study is to set up management measures to protect hearing loss on the call operator by acquiring measurement data of noise transmitted from the headset Noise exposure measurements of 17 operators were performed in 7 call centers and Head and Torso Simulator method in compliance with the ISO Standard 11904-2 was used for the measurement of noise transmitted from the headset Sound pressure levels(SPL) transmitted from the headset were 73.2~86 dB(A). The operator exposed to the highest SPL set up his volume control at 9 which was the highest volume level. The volume control level, adjustable from 1 to 9, could be identified 12 out of 17 operators and the range of volume levels was 4.5~9. As a result of Pearson Correlation Analysis, the correlation between volume level and SPL transmitted from the headset showed high relation as significance at the 0.672 level(p<0.05). To protect hearing loss of call center operators, it is more practical and effective measure to limit the volume level below the noise exposure level, i.e. 85 dB(A), rather than to carry out noise monitoring considering cost-effective aspect.

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한국판 전투 노출 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도 (Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Combat Exposure Scale)

  • 김동수;정혜경;최진희;소형석;김해정;고창민;김태용;정문용
    • 대한불안의학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.106-112
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    • 2012
  • Objective : In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is essential to evaluate the severity of trauma with a reliable instrument. The combat exposure scale (CES) is one of the most widely used measures for the combat-related trauma. The present study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of CES (CES-K). Methods : One hundred and forty-five male Korean veterans of the Vietnam War participated in this study. CES-K, the structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID), clinician administered PTSD scale (CAPS), and the Korean version life events checklist (LEC-K) were administered. Results : Cronbach's coefficient of CES-K was .85, and the test-retest reliability was .94. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] scores of CES-K were 20.4 (9.0) in the PTSD group and 12.0 (8.6) in the non-PTSD group (p<.001). CES-K showed a significant correlation with LEC-K (r=.31, p<.001) and CAPS (r=.52, p<.001). Only one factor was revealed by the factor analysis. Conclusion : CES-K showed good reliability and validity for assessing the severity of combat exposure. Further, it demonstrated comparable psychometric properties to the previous study. It is expected that CES-K will be a useful tool for evaluating the severity of combat exposure in Korea.

간호사의 내분비계 교란 물질 노출, 감정 노동, 동료 지지가 월경 전 증후군에 미치는 영향 (Effects of exposure to endocrine disruptors, burnout, and social support from peers on premenstrual syndrome in nurses)

  • 장혜영;박소미
    • 여성건강간호학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.171-179
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to endocrine disruptors, burnout, and social support from peers on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in nurses. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted among 122 nurses under the age of 49 working at a university hospital. The participants answered self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression in IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean age of the nurses was 28.9 years. Of these nurses, 49.2% were working in a general ward, 24.6% in the intensive care unit, 14.8% in the emergency room, and 11.4% in an outpatient department. The explanatory power of the model was 38.3%, and it was statistically significant (F=11.74, p≤.001). Exposure to endocrine disruptors (β=0.32, p<.001) was the most powerful variable affecting PMS, followed by burnout (β=0.27, p=.001), working in the intensive care unit or emergency room (β=0.22, p=.003), family history of PMS (β=0.19, p=.009), and support from coworkers (β=-0.15, p=.043). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is necessary to develop an intervention program to reduce the symptoms of PMS. Additionally, further studies are needed to develop and evaluate measures to minimize exposure to endocrine disruptors and burnout in order to alleviate PMS among nurses.

담배연기와 담뱃잎 내 함유된 방사능 농도분석 및 위해도 평가 (Analysis of Radioactivity Concentrations in Cigarette Smoke and Tobacco Risk Assessment)

  • 이세령;이상복;김정윤;김지민;방예진;이두석;조형준;김성철
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제44권5호
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    • pp.489-494
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    • 2021
  • In this study, radioactivity quantitative analysis was performed on radon contained in cigarette, and the effective dose was calculated using the result value to determine the amount of exposure caused by smoking. A total of 5 types of cigarettes were sampled. Cigarette smoke was collected by using activated carbon, and tobacco were measured by homogenizing for quantitative analysis. For each sample, Bi-214 and Pb-214 were subjected to gamma nuclide analysis to observe the uranium-based radioactive material contained in cigarette, and a measurement time of 30,000 seconds was set for the sample based on the results of previous studies. As a result of measuring the radioactivity of tobacco, a maximum of 0.715 Bq/kg was derived, and in the case of cigarette smoke measured using activated carbon, a maximum of 3.652 Bq/kg was derived. Using this measurement, the average effective dose to the lungs is 0.938 mSv/y, and it was found that there is a possibility of receiving exposure up to 1.099 mSv/y depending on the type of tobacco. It was found that the exposure dose due to cigarette occupies a large proportion of the annual effective dose limit for the general public. Therefore, more diverse studies on radioactive substances in cigarette are needed, and measures to monitor and reduce the incidental exposure to radon should be established.

간접흡연자의 요코티닌과 치주질환의 관련성에 관한 융합연구 (The Urine Cotinine level and Periodontal Disease among Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Convergence study)

  • 김송숙
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제9권12호
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    • pp.295-299
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구의 목적은 30세이상 성인을 대상으로 간접흡연노출과 치주질환과의 관련성을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구자료는 2014년, 2015년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하였으며, 5,146명을 최종분석대상자로 선정하였다. 치주질환은 지역사회 치주지수로 파악하였다. 이분형 로지스틱회귀분석을 이용하였으며, 95% 신뢰구간을 산출하였다. 본 연구결과 성별, 연령, 교육수준, 그리고 수입을 보정한 경우에서 요코티닌 수준이 50ng/mL미만에 비해 550ng/mL이상인 경우에서 치주질환 위험이 2.08배(95% CI=1.73-2.50) 높게 나타났다. 요코티닌 수준과 치주질환 위험 증가에 대한 용량-반응관계가 나타났다. 본 연구결과 간접흡연자에서 요코티닌 수준이 증가할수록 치주질환 위험이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 간접흡연에 대한 노출을 감소시키기 위해 흡연자의 자발적인 금연참여를 권장하여야 할 것이다.