Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support received from the central administration at the Lebanese University,Beirut, Lebanon, that helped in the study design and data collection.
References
- Al-Obaidi O, Abdallh M, Al-Dahhan W. Risk assessment in postgraduate laboratories. J Pub Health Catalog 2018;1(3):1-4. 2 J Pub Health Catalog 2018 Volume 1 Issue, 2018. 3: p. 3.
- Steward JE, Wilson VL, Wang W-H. Evaluation of safety climate at a major public university. J Chem Health Saf 2016;23(4):4-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2015.10.016
- Lestari F, Bowolaksono A, Yuniautami S, Wulandari TR, Andani S. Evaluation of the implementation of occupational health, safety, and environment management systems in higher education laboratories. J Chem Health Saf 2019;26(4-5):14-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2018.12.006
- Olewski T, Snakard M. Challenges in applying process safety management at university laboratories. J Loss Prevent Proc Indust 2017;49:209-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.06.013
- Walters AU, Lawrence W, Jalsa NK. Chemical laboratory safety awareness, attitudes and practices of tertiary students. Saf Sci 2017;96:161-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.03.017
- Adole A. Accident and incident investigation. Saf Manag Syst: Appl Aviat Indust 2020:125.
- Alsubiaee KM, Alshahrani MS, Alazmi AB, Alsadoon RA. Implementation of safety standards in Saudi Arabian scientific laboratories: an empirical study. J Arthritis 2017;6(4):1-4.
- Cheng S, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang D, Teng G, Chang-Chien GP, et al. Global research trends in health effects of volatile organic compounds during the last 16 years: a bibliometric analysis. Aerosol Air Qual Res 2019;19(8):1834-43. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.06.0327
- Mulcahy MB, Boylan C, Sigmann S, Stuart R. Using bowtie methodology to support laboratory hazard identification, risk management, and incident analysis. J Chem Health Saf 2017;24(3):14-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2016.10.003
- Phifer R. Case studyeIncident investigation: laboratory explosion. J Chem Health Saf 2014;21(5):2-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2014.04.001
- Adane L, Abeje A. Assessment of familiarity and understanding of chemical hazard warning signs among university students majoring chemistry and biology: a case study at Jimma University, Southwestern Ethiopia. World Appl Sci J 2012;16(2):290-9.
- Rastkari N, Khorsand S, Ahmadkhaniha R. Environmental monitoring of occupational exposure to organic solvents in chemical laboratories. J Air Poll Health 2016;1(4):237-42.
- Al-Zyoud W, Qunies AM, Walters AU, Jalsa NK. Perceptions of chemical safety in laboratories. Safety 2019;5(2):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5020021
- Kaufman JA. Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories: understanding the OSHA laboratory standard. J Chem Educ 1992;69(11):911. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed069p911
- Boyce R, Mull J. Complying with the occupational safety and health administration: guidelines for the dental office. Dental Clin North Am 2008;52(3):653-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2008.03.002
- Kjellen U, Albrechtsen E. Prevention of accidents and unwanted occurrences: theory, methods, and tools in safety management. CRC Press; 2017.
- Yoon IK, Seo JM, Jang N, Oh SK, Shin D, Yoon ES. Job hazard analysis: OSHA publication 3071 2002 (Revised). J Chem Eng Jpn 2012;45(8):976-88.
- Foster BL. Laboratory safety program assessment in academia. Chem Health Saf 2004;11(5):6-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chs.2004.05.016
- Gomaa AE, Tapp LC, Luckhaupt SE, Vanoli K, Sarmiento RF, Raudabaugh WM, et al. Occupational traumatic injuries among workers in health care facilities-United States, 2012e2014. MMWR Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep 2015;64(15):405.
- Hill Jr RH, Finster DC. Academic leaders create strong safety cultures in colleges and universities. J Chem Health Saf 2013;20(5):27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2013.06.011
- Menard AD, Trant JF. A review and critique of academic lab safety research. Nat Chem 2020:17-25 [cited 12 1].
- Schroder I, Huang DYQ, Ellis O, Gibson JH, Wayne NL. Laboratory safety attitudes and practices: a comparison of academic, government, and industry researchers. J Chem Health Saf 2016;23(1):12-23.
- Shallcross DC. Safety education through case study presentations. Educ Chem Eng 2013;8(1):e12-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2012.10.002
- Stroud LM, Stallings C, Korbusieski TJ. Implementation of a science laboratory safety program in North Carolina schools. J Chem Health Saf 2007;14(3):20-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2006.11.001
- Occupational Safety, Health Administration. Personal protective equipment: (OSHA 3151-12R). US Department of Labor; 2010.
- Casadonte D. Guidelines for chemical laboratory safety in academic institutions; 2016.
- Occupational Safety, Health Administration. Laboratory safety guidance. US OSHA; 2011.
- Sigmann SB. Playing with fire: chemical safety expertise required. J Chem Educ 2018;95(10):1736-46. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00152
- Pedrozo MDFM, Philipi Jr A. Laboratory waste management: evaluation of the disposal procedures routinely adopted by three Brazilian public institutions. Int J Environ Stud 2005;62(6):687-700. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207230500213925
- HAMM. Hazard awareness & management manual (HAMM). Chapter VI. Hazardous waste directory. 08.0 biohazardous waste; 2021. Available at: https://extranet.fredhutch.org/en/u/ehs/hamm/chap6/section8.html.
- Aladejana F, Aderibigbe O. Science laboratory environment and academic performance. J Sci Educ Technol 2007;16(6):500-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-007-9072-4
- Marendaz J-L, Suard J-C, Meyer T. A systematic tool for assessment and classification of hazards in laboratories (ACHiL). Saf Sci 2013;53:168-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.10.001
- Kandel KP, Neupane BB, Giri B. Status of chemistry lab safety in Nepal. PloS One 2017;12(6).
- AIHA. Wrong gloves lead to an acid burn. American Industrial Hygiene Association; 2015.
- Akbarzadeh A, Abasi E, Ghanei M, Hasanzadeh A, Panahi Y. The effects of various chemicals on lung, skin and eye: a review. Toxin Rev 2016;35(3-4):187-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2016.1187174
- Yousif E, Al-Dahhan WH, Abd Ali A, Rashad AA, Akram E. Mind what you put in a furnace: a case study for a laboratory incident. J Environ Sci 2017;1(1):44-8.
- Smith TD, DeJoy DM. Occupational injury in America: an analysis of risk factors using data from the General Social Survey (GSS). J Saf Res 2012;43(1):67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2011.12.002
- Netto E, Hamedon TR. Predictors of knowledge, attitude and practices on work related injuries among laboratory staffs in a public university in Malaysia. Int J Public Health Clin Sci 2017;4(5):139-57.
- Dembe AE, Erickson JB, Delbos RG, Banks SM. The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: new evidence from the United States. Occupat Environ Med 2005;62(9):588-97. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2004.016667
- Papadopoli R, Nobile CGA, Trovato A, Pileggi C, Pavia M. Chemical risk and safety awareness, perception, and practices among research laboratories workers in Italy. J Occupat Med Toxicol 2020;15(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-020-0253-x
- Ali NL, Ta GC, Zakaria SZS, Mokhtar M, Halim SA. Chemical safety in school laboratories located in urban and rural areas: a case study in cameron highlands, Malaysia. Int J Malay World Civilis 2018;6:11-6.
- McEwen L, Stuart R, Sweet E, Izzo R. Baseline survey of academic chemical safety information practices. J Chem Health Saf 2018;25(3):6-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2017.10.009
- Ennis R. Osha laboratory standard-implementation guide. Routledge; 2019.
- Ayi H-R, Hon C-Y. Safety culture and safety compliance in academic laboratories: a Canadian perspective. J Chem Health Saf 2018;25(6):6-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2018.05.002