• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-132
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• 2018

This study examines the reason why consumers try to use the online shopping cart more, and especially analyzes the influence of personal psychological factor such as regulatory focus. Hypotheses are tested with a two-way ANOVA model using experimental data collected from 210 undergraduate students at a business school in South Korea. We found that prevention focused consumers try to use online shopping cart more than promotion focused consumers. It is possible that prevention focused consumers try to consider as many alternatives as possible to ensure safety as they focus on negative results or losses during shopping online. However, we also found out when the buying purpose is utilitarian, promotion focused consumers are not different from the promotion in terms of the usage intention of online shopping carts. Marketing managers can provide different messages customized for their consumers by leading them to use the online shopping cart in a more effective way.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.173-181
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• 2011

Korean government has executed some programs to support producers and/or exporters for the promotion of agro-food exportation. Especially, governmental subsidizing program about the distribution cost for agro-food exportation shows positive effects. However, this subsidy should be changed or partly abolished due to the low effectiveness of subsidy. The goal of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of governmental subsidy and to present the agro-food products with the low effects of subsidizing program. As the results of analysis, the subsidy for several products, including Ginseng drinks, Paprika, and Chrysanthemum, might be considered to be stopped due to low effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 1997

This paper is aimed to study on sales promotion strategies for the increment of farm income by cultivating Boxthron in Chongyang Area. Marketing Survey was done in Chongyang Boxthron market, Kyoung-dong herb market in Seoul. The results are as follows ; Reviewing the Boxthron market prices, the price of direct transaction was the highest one and that of Agricultural Cooperatives was next one, Chongyang market price was lowest one. Therefore, the efforts including exclusive labeling, high class packing strategies of Boxthron with lower pollution would be necessary. The seasonal variation Boxthron prices were lowest in Aug.-Sept., harvesting season, and highest in april-june prices, off-crop season. Farmers have sold 45% of all products in Aug.-Oct. at lowest price and the remaining 15% of that sold in april-june at the highest prices. On account of the above reasons, loan for Boxthron production, government purchasing and storage program of it especially in harvesting season from Aug. to Oct. should be adopted to increase Boxthron producer income. Finally, the strategies for sales promotion, enforcement of government supporting activities including export strategies and the development of new processed products of Boxthron should be propelled considering the products cycle.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.531-537
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• 2017

The biologic Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a reliable and generally accepted indicator of water pollution by organic pollutants. Accordingly, estimation of BOD export from paddies carries important implications fwith regard to water management in rural areas. In this study, hydrology and BOD concentration were monitored during the period 2008 through 2012, in an effort to understand the characteristics of BOD export from paddy fields. The findings demonstrated that BOD load by rainfall above 50 mm. occupied about 50 % of total load, whereas the load by less than ten mm. rainfall occupied about 29 % of the total load during periods of stormy activity. It therefore seems that it could be possible to reduce the BOD load up to 29 % during storm periods, when drainage control conducted for rainfall less than ten mm.(an amount which is relatively easy to manage). The documented mean loads of storm and non-storm were $17.1kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ and $11.2kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, respectively. The BOD load during the significant rainfall period was similar to the renewed unit load by NIER (2014). However, there were substantial differences between unit load and actual load when the non-storm load was incorporated into the BOD load estimation from paddy fields. In view of the foregoing, it is felt that, the non-storm load needs to be further considered and managed for the successful implementation of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.269-271
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• 2012

The chicken has been growing in Korea for more than a thousand years according to the history book and commercially rising for broiler meat only since 1960's. As income increased mainly due to improved economy, it changes the habit of eating especially chicken meat. The structure changes into a coordinated production and marketing system which forced the prevailed small and independent producers to become a contract farmer under the vertically controlled practices. This coordinated structure began in 1970's and evolved continually to occupy around 90 percent of the market in 2010 with some ten (10) private brands being advertising. The industrial organizations have also conducted the generic promotion by a farmer's check-off program. Over the past 20 years, chicken import steadily increased to meet about 25 percent of the domestic market while the export showed negligible growth. As a whole, the structure change and international trade devoted to increased chicken consumption from 2 kg with the independent operation to 11 kg currently under the coordinated system and import. It is predicted that chicken consumption will grow in years to come and the import will also increase in addition to local productions, considering the free trade agreement that has already been in practice with EU and US to open the market eventually from all sources of supply worldwide.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.65-71
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• 2011

There is a growing concerns for startups and management issues in the small business sector. In the Korean unique condition, female-owned small business seemed to play a crucial role in stimulating domestic demands and replacements for workforce reductions in the time of reduced birth rates and export-driven economy. Despite importance of female-owned small businesses, domestic statistics about female small businesses are not well recognized and defined. To design the current entrepreneurship training programs for female entrepreneurs more female-friendly, we need to improve overall environments surrounding training systems. We can classify the environmental improvement for women-friendly entrepreneurship training into three types as follows: First, it is needed to conduct regular surveys on difficulties female entrepreneurs may have. To develop a program for women-friendly entrepreneurship training, extensive and thorough survey is required for entrepreneurship training goals. To design women-friendly entrepreneurship training for women entrepreneurs henceforth, preliminary surveys should be carried out to detect problems within the course of the program and women's expectation regarding entrepreneurship training. Second environmental improvement is to overcome the lack of information on entrepreneurship training for women. Difficulties that women entrepreneurs experience are different from their counterparts, male. Last is about overcoming the lack of follow-up management after opening a business. To surmount the issue, we need to organize a management improvement consulting systems focused on female entrepreneurs. Establishing networks connecting female businesses should be the most urgent measure. With this regard, if follow-up services for female entrepreneurs are provided for at least three years from the time a business is opened, it may produce even more desirable results.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 1989

The U.S. response to increased international competition was examined in the present study in order to have more comprehensive understanding of the U.S. textile and clothing market. The method employed to conduct the study was the analysis of the written materials, interview with professionals, and the survey of the actual situations of the U.S. textile and apparel industries. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Official U.S. textile and apparel trade policy has been quite has been quite protective since 1950's. The protective trend has been embodied in Japan Cotton Textile Export Control (reciprocal trade agreement signed by the U.S. and Japan in 1957), Short Term Arrangement Regarding International Trade in Cotton Textiles, Long Term Cotton Textile Arrangement (1962∼1973), and Multi-fiber Arrangement (1974∼). Other governmental programs designed to improve the competitiveness of the U.S. textile and apparel industries include Long-term Textile and Apparel Products Export-expansion Program, and 807 Trade to take labor cost advantage. 2. Along with the quite protective governmental trade policy, the corporate responses have been made such as new sourcing mixes, investment in technology, specialization in the textile and apparel industries, and recent strategies pursued by retailer's. The apparel industry was subject to pressure from imports that increased at moderate levels, and the U.S. textile and apparel industries have made extensive efforts to adjust to the increasing competition from abroad. The textile and apparel industries have taken steps to increase labor productivity through automation, to speed management to create and introduce new products and new methods, and have lowered indirect overhead costs. Several industrywide promotion campaigns have attempted to establish a greater public awareness of international competition and to develop a preference for apparel produced in the United States. 3. Regarding these response of the U.S. and other situations of world textile and apparel trade market, much of the sense of crisis that pervades Korean textile and apparel industries has to do with the problem of adjusting government and corporate policy. Textile and apparel industry of Korea faces on going pressure to reduce costs, improve quality, increase service, develop new markets, diversify, and differentiate itself from its foreign competitors. The strategies that have been adopted in the past have generally worked in the past, but the time has come to adopt strategies that reflect present conditions. If this is not done, then we stand to lose large segments of these industries, which once lost will not easily be regenerated.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2016

Focusing on the cases applied to korean brand-name apartments In 1960s, economical growth and introduction of western-type cultures led to a boom of apartment construction. After internationalization'in 1980s through Olympic games in 1988, korean culture has attracted attention and individual life quality has been improved. Since 1990s, changes in personal life style has affected the housing culture and the construction companies started moving from quantitative supply to developing their own differential characteristics. Differentiation scheme triggered by construction companies since mid-1990s mainly focused on various ideas for space deployment. Space plans include such things as a private ground, a kitchen in the south, etc. while interior plans include to provide selection of the korean traditional style, natural or casual one. 'korean traditional style' apartment is one of such theme of the brand-named apartment. Interests on 'Tradition' can be broken down into a social trend and media trend. Firstly, the former includes the designation of Bukchon as a reserving area, one of the governmental 'Hanok Survival Program', and traditional building promotion scheme on the basis of construction policy plans. Secondly, the latter covers the interests which attract through the media showing oriental cosmetics, korean culture export via Hallyu, popularity of korean dramas, etc. Thus, it seems worth studying on the apartments with traditional factors. And also, this study aims to setup the concept and trends of korean traditional style apartments through the interior expression on the korean-factor space developed by brand-name apartments so that it could correct such false knowledge out of misunderstood concept of traditional space which results from simple decoration or structure type not accompanying Korean emotion or spirit rendered by some misleading media.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the current operation condition of fashion start-up companies and the characteristics of their founders in Fashion Creative Studio that is one of government programs supporting fashion start-up of rising fashion designer's brands in Korea and one of supporting facilities. For this purpose, this study surveyed 32 fashion start-up companies founders in Busan Fashion Creative Studio and analyzed the data based on the survey. The results are as follows. First of all, 82% of the founders have experience to start their business in 20s and 60% of founders with not more than 3 to 5 years of work experience related to fashion challenge to start a business. Secondly, major distribution channels of the fashion start-up companies are mainly on-line open-market consisting of 36% and SNS is up to 80% as the main promotion method. In addition, exports to China account for 71% of all exports. Lastly, 33% of businesses consider viral marketing by influencer and 50% of them make plan to export their items to East Asia. It is of research significance that this study can suggest the successful direction of establishing and operating fashion start-up companies through making good use of Fashion Creative Studio, the supporting program including facility.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.318-339
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• 1994

U.S. had given large amount of cotton to Korea as food aid program since 1945. This cotton aid had negative impact on cotton culture in Korean agriculture. Korean government used counterparts funds (sale proceeds of food aid) not for investment to agriculture sector, but for military budgets. And food aid on program type had influenced general economic policies, which neglected agricultural sector too. Anti-agricultural policy which was helped by U.S. food aid, had caused cotton cultivator an economic loss. So this economic loss had made many farmers abandon cotton culture. But in our times, cotton is cultivated for the purpose of domestic consumption in a few rural villages. The purposes of this study are 1) to analyze the process of spatial reduction of cotton culture since 1945 in regional contexts in Korea, and 2) to identify the function and meaning of cotton culture which does not pay off in agricultural region. Materials for acreage of cotton culture are acquired through the agricultural statistical year book(1952-1989) and census. To clarify the meanings of cotton culture, field survey are conducted in a rural village which is identified as only one where cotton was cultivated in 1993. In these contexts, this study has come to the following conclusions. In the period of under the rule of Japanese Imperialism (1910-1945), G. arboreum, species of cotton which was traditionally cultivated since 1364, had been driven out. And G. hirustun species, which is suitable for the production of highly qualified textile, has been hierarchically diffused by policy. In these period, regional structure of Korean agriculture was reorganized for the provision with food to Japan. Crops leading this dependent spatial structure were rice and cotton. So agricultural region, specialized with cotton, were distributed in the hinterland of the area which is specialized with rice. U.S. cotton aid to Korea began in 1947. U.S. took an interest in agricultural export because of her domestic surplus of cotton. Cotton aid is one mechanism by which U.S government developed agricultural market in recipient countries, Specially in the exchange rates, up-valuation of won to the U.S. dollars made domestic cotton more expensive than cotton imported, Production cost of domestic cotton is higher than Government's purchasing price of cotton which was also more expensive than price of cotton imported. Korean farmer could not help abandoning the cultivation of cotton, and this gave rise to spatial reduction of cotton culture. Spatially, cotton culture was abandoned in early stage of reduction in regions where stand at a disadvantage climatically, and in next stage in regions where other up-land crops which paid off in urban market, eg, fruits, could be cultivated. In the stage of extinction, cotton was cultivated only in area where G. hirustun species was originated in Korean peninsula. This region is not only suitable climatically for cotton culture, but is far away from urban market. Use of cotton produced is not for spinning, but for fillings of comforter. The main purpose of cotton culture in rural village is not for cotton yields, but for increase of production of seasame, which is grown together with cotton as mixed crops. Cotton product are used for domestic consumption and sold out to gin house. Though cotton culture is not paid off, farmer wanted to cultivate continuously for the cultural purpose, and they wanted the cotton culture promotion policy with the goverment subsidy.