• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2011

Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage was analyzed for the export quality of 'Fuji' apples after 8-month storage. Apples were harvested from two orchards located in different regions at relatively late stage of maturity for long-term storage. Fruit were treated with 1 ${\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP and then stored in $0^{\circ}C$ air or CA with 1.5 kPa $O_2$ and < 1.0 kPa $CO_2$ for 8 months. To simulate poststorage export process such as 2-week refrigerated container shipment plus 7-day local distribution, fruit were put in $0^{\circ}C$ air storage for additional two weeks and then on the shelf for 7 days at $20^{\circ}C$. Both the 1-MCP treatment and CA storage reduced respiration and ethylene evolution after storage and shipping simulation, and successfully maintained titratable acidity and flesh firmness even after the export process. In 'Fuji' apples harvested after adequate stage of maturity for long-term storage, however, 1-MCP treatment alone seemed not to be satisfactory for the maintenance of sensorial fruit texture for export market. CA storage or 1-MCP treatment/CA storage combination program should be applied for lately harvested 'Fuji' apples exported after eight months storage.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

Construction of automated terminal it urgently demanded to gain the foundation of hub-port in north east Asia. Therefore we suggest an adequate operating system layout of automated terminal in Korea. In this paper the aim of automated terminal operating system is satisfied. four basic models are divided according to moving course of export and import cargo of each automated equipments, several input data are changed and analyzed dynamically by Trial and Error method, and then an optimized operating system model is selected, and designed for yard operating system layout on the basis of the selected model. Particularly, the productivity of automated port is up to the kind of automated equipments. However, because expense and present work process must be considered actually. In order to prevent confusion of the work, the method to optimize the present work and substitute prevent equipments and automated equipments was designed. It is a premise that ail the yard equipments described in this paper must be automatic except quay crane.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2021

In order for the users (shipping firms and shippers) and suppliers (stevedoring firms) in the container terminal industry to win-win, it is necessary to have some appropriate diverse market conditions for the industry. This study analyses the basic conditions and demand and supply characteristics of the industry and investigates the market performance of Busan container ports. First, this article analyses the basic characteristics of demand and supply. As the demand characteristics, there are five ones such as 1) exogeneity of demand, 2) function as export/import transportation and hub for transshipment, 3) increase of users' bargaining power, 4) high substituting elasticity, 5) reduction of volume growth. As the supply characteristics, there are seven ones such as 1) inelasticity of supply, 2) homogeneity of stevedoring services, 3) over-supply, 4) adoption of cutting-edge stevedoring technology, 5) scale economy and impossibility of storage, 6) labor market rigidity, 7) enhancing port's role in SCM. In addition, this study conducts the so-called structure-conduct-performance analysis. For the structure analysis, 1) lacks of scale economy in stevedoring companies, 2) high entry barrier, 3) strengthening of shipping firms' bargaining power, 4) transitory permission scheme for tariff are analyzed. For the conduct analysis, 1) price discrimination between export/import and transshipment, 2) mid-term length of terminal use contract, 3) continuous investment in equipment, 4) low level of cooperation among terminal operating firms are derived. For the performance analysis, 1) inequality in profitability, 2) reduction of export/import cost, 3) delay in adopting cutting-edge technology, 4) idle equipment are analyzed. Following this logical flow, the hypothesis that the market structure influences the market conduct is tested based on the actual dataset. As a future agenda in the conclusion, this article recommends the so-called port industrial policy.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2014

In container terminals, stacking yard is the place where import and export containers are temporarily stored before being loaded onto or after being discharged from a ship. Since all the containers go through the stacking yard in their logistic flow, the productivity of the terminal critically depends on efficient operation of stacking yard, which again depends on how well the stacking locations of the incoming containers are determined. However, a good location for stacking an incoming container later can turn out to be a bad one when that container is to be fetched out of the stacking yard, especially if some rehandling is required. This means that good locations for the containers are changing over time. Therefore, in most container terminals, the so-called remarshaling is done to move the containers from bad location to good locations. Although there are many previous works on remarshaling, they all assume that the remarshaling can be done separately from the main jobs when the cranes are idle for rather a long period of time. However, in reality, cranes are hardly available for a period long enough for remarshaling. This paper proposes a crane dispatching strategy that allows remarshaling jobs to be mixed together with the main jobs whenever an opportunity is detected. Experimental results by simulation reveals that the proposed method effectively contributes to the improvement of terminal productivity.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2020

The global container terminal market is predicted to see continued future volume growth. According to Drewry, global container shipments rose by 6.3% year-on-year to 750 billion twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) in 2017 and are forecast to experience continued growth to 9.3 billion TEUs in 2022. According to IHS Markit, the global terminal operator (GTO) market is forecast to grow more than 10% annually, up from $2.4 billion in 2017, to exceed $3 billion by 2022. However, Hyundai Merchant Marine is the only real GTO in Korea. In particular, the shipping and port markets are facing drastic changes, both at home and abroad, including a slowdown in the growth of domestic export and import shipments, environmental changes in the container market caused by the trade frictions between the US and China, and increased changes in container shipments caused by the trade frictions between Korea and Japan. In this study, we propose ways for domestic companies to participate in the continuously growing GTO market. After analyzing the current status of the global GTO market, the government expressed a desire to explore ways to establish GTOs through the Port Authority and the Korea Ocean Business Corporation. Therefore, four types of establishment plans were proposed, along with a legal framework for the establishment of GTOs.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.51-56
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• 2005

In this paper, a correlation analysis of wake distribution between model test and CFD was described. CFD calculation was performed by 'WAVIS' which is utilized in hullform development. By using the correlation between model test and CFD, we have estimated M/T wake distribution To control M/T and CFD wake distribution effectively. we have developed the program that it is possible to export to TECPLOT and visualize wake distribution.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.99-105
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• 2002

컨테이너 터미널의 수출 장치장은 수출될 컨테이너들이 지속적으로 반입되어 해당 선박에 선적되기까지 일시적으로 보관되는 장소이다. 장치장의 공간 활용도를 높이면서 선적 시 작업의 능률을 극대화하기 위해서는 여러 가지 제약조건과 장치 규칙에 따라 컨테이너들의 장치 위치를 결정해야 할 뿐 아니라, 소정의 기간을 대상으로 그 동안 반입 예정인 전 컨테이너들에 대한 적절한 공간할당 계획을 미리 수립해 두어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 수출 장치장 계획 문제를 제약조건만족 문제로 보고 이를 효과적으로 해결하기 위한 탐색 기법을 제시하고 있다 대규모의 탐색공간으로부터 효율적으로 해를 찾기 위해 dependency-directed backtracking 기법을 적용하였고, 탐색 중에 제약조건을 만족하는 해를 찾기 어렵다고 판단될 경우에는 일부 제약조건을 완화하여 해를 재 탐색하는 제약조건 완화 기법을 적용하였다. 실제 부산 신선대 컨테이너 터미널의 데이터를 이용한 실험 결과 만족할 만한 수준의 계획을 빠른 시간 내에 수립할 수 있음을 확인하였다

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.61-81
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• 2005

China has increased 10 percent every year since 1978. In particular, development and growth of Chinese ports make a remarkable in that the marine and coastal transportation handles the 90 percent of export-import cargo. This growth is beginning to threaten Korea's ports which are striving to become the hub of Northeast Asia logistics. Furthermore, the hub strategy of Northeast Asia is closely related to transshipment cargo invitation. The results of documents research indicate Busan and Gwangyang ports play an important role as an intermediate stopover between China and America. The ways to achieve transshipment cargo invitation are the construction of transshipment system based on the supply chain between korea and china, the maximization of trading volumes creation, equipment of ports infrastructure, and the constructions of the rail, road, coastal transportation infrastructures.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.203-219
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• 2003

The world Economy has rearranged into three economic block. Especially, the nation's economy in Northeast area are an engine of world economic development. Among these nations in Northeast area china has done a main role of the development of world economy. Owing to raising of the China economy, the Export-Import of container load has rapidly increased in this area. So it is very important of the nation to manage a port. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analysis a port of Masan and to search the way of development. To accomplish this purpose, I will analyze a logistics circumstance in northeast area and a port of Pusan and Jinhae. In conclusion, government and local government must enlarge the investment to develope the port of Masan. Local government should do its best effort to solve the problem of port of Masan. And all citizen should recognize that a development of the port of Masan will be the engine of the raising of Masan.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2002

Construction of automated terminal is urgently demanded to gain the foundation of hub-port in north east Asia. Therefore I suggest an adequate operating system model of automated terminal in Korea. In this paper the aim of automated terminal operating system is satisfied, four basic models are divided according to moving course of export and import cargo of each automated equipments, several input data are changed and analyzed dynamically by Trial and Error method, and then an optimized operating system model is designed. It is a Premise that all the yard equipments described in this paper must be automatic except quay crane.